• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.2451-2459
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• 2009

통증이 거의 없는 새로운 모세혈액 채혈기법인 진공자동채혈법(vacuum assisted auto-lancing)의 정확도를 분석하고자 전형적인 대체부위인 전완(팔) 부위에서 채혈하여 측정한 혈당값을 표준 채혈부위인 정맥 및 손가락에서 채혈하여 측정한 혈당값과 비교, 분석하는 연구를 수행하였다. C대학교병원을 내원한 531명의 환자들을 대상으로 왼손 집게손가락 끝과 왼쪽 전완 부위에서 말초혈액의 혈당을 측정하였고, 곧바로 정맥 채혈하여 혈당을 측정하였다. 전완 부위 혈당 평균값이 손가락보다 정맥 혈당값에 더욱 가까웠으나 이들 간의 차이는 약 10 mg/dL 범위에 불과하여 임상적으로는 동일한 값들로 볼 수 있었다. 측정값들 간에 상관분석을 수행한 결과 손가락과 정맥 채혈의 혈당값 간의 상관계수는 0.94, 전완 부위와 정맥 혈당값 간의 상관계수는 0.92, 또한 전완 부위와 손가락 채혈 간의 상관계수는 0.94로 모두 매우 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.001). 따라서 대체부위인 전완 부위 혈당검사의 정확도가 실험적으로 입증되었다. 손가락 혈당검사는 상당한 채혈 통증이 수반되어 당뇨 환자들이 자가 검사를 기피하는 주요 원인이 되지만, 전완 부위에서 진공자동채혈하면 통증이 거의 없으므로 만성 당뇨환자들의 자가 질환관리를 위해 매우 유용하리라 기대된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.463-471
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• 2005

Recently, the number of diabetic patients have been increased with westernized living way and meal habitation. The regulation of blood sugar concentration is very important for diabetic patients to keep homeostasis and, to prevent acute or chronic complications. Epinephrine combined with lidocaine is used in dental clinic extensively. And epinephrine combined with lidocaine also effects on decreasing the blood leakage volume by constricting micro vessle and arteriole. But, So far there are few researches about the effect of epinephrine contained in dental local anesthetic agent on the blood sugar of diabetes during minor oral surgery. The purpose of this study was intended to investigate whether epinephrine which combined with dental local anesthetics influence body glucose level in diabetes patients by glucose monitoring. The subject of this study were 38 diabetic patients and 38 normal adults, each patient was checked body glucose after a meal 2 hours later with resting state, and injection 1:100000 epinephrine with dental lidocaine 54 ml or lidocaine 54 ml only. And then the body glucose level was checked 5 minutes and 30 minutes after injection. The results were analyzed by two way ANOVA test (p<0.05). The results were as follows: In the experimental group 1, the mean of the blood sugar level was 180.3 mg/dl before an anesthetic injection, 182.8 mg/dl after 5minutes of the anesthetic injection and 182.2 mg/dl after 30minutes of the anesthetic injection. The change of the blood sugar level was not statistically by two-way ANOVA tests (p<0.05). In the experimental group 2, the mean of the blood sugar level was 237 mg/dl before an anesthetic injection, 234.5 mg/dl after 5minutes of the anesthetic injection and 231.8 mg/dl after 30minutes of the anesthetic injection. The change of the blood sugar level was not statistically by two-way ANOVA tests (p<0.05). In the controlled group 1, the mean of the blood sugar level was 117.6 mg/dl before an anesthetic injection, 119.1 mg/dl after 5minutes of the anesthetic injection and 129.3 mg/dl after 30minutes of the anesthetic injection. The change of the blood sugar level was not statistically by two-way ANOVA tests (p<0.05). In the controlled group 2, the mean of the blood sugar level was 104.2 mg/dl before an anesthetic injection, 102 mg/dl after 5minutes of the anesthetic injection and 105.3 mg/dl after 30minutes of the anesthetic injection. The change of the blood sugar level was not statistically by two-way ANOVA tests (p<0.05).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.450-454
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• 2011

The beneficial effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in improving the nutritional status of malnourished patients during hospital stays have been well established. However, recent randomized trials and meta-analyses have reported an increased rate of TPN-associated complications and mortality in critically ill patients. The increased risk of complications during TPN therapy has been linked to the development of hyperglycemia, especially during the first few days of TPN therapy. This retrospective study was conducted to determine whether the amount of dextrose from TPN in the 1st week in the intensive care unit (ICU) was related to the development of hyperglycemia and the clinical outcome. We included 88 non-diabetic critically ill patients who stayed in the medical ICU for more than two days. The subjects were 65 ${\pm}$ 16 years old, and the mean APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) II score upon admission was 20.9${\pm}$7.1. The subjects received 2.3${\pm}$1.4 g/kg/day of dextrose intravenously. We divided the subjects into two groups according to the mean blood glucose (BG) level during the 1st week of ICU stay: <140 mg/dl vs ${\geq}$ 140 mg/dl. Baseline BG and the amount of dextrose delivered via TPN were significantly higher in the hyperglycemia group than those in the normoglycemia group. Mortality was higher in the hyperglycemia group than in the normoglycemia group (42.4% vs 12.8%, P=0.008). The amount of dextrose from TPN was the only significant variable in the multiple linear regression analysis, which included age, APACHE II score, baseline blood glucose concentration and dextrose delivery via TPN as independent variables. We concluded that the amount of dextrose delivered via TPN might be associated with the development of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients without a history of diabetes mellitus. The amount of dextrose in TPN should be decided and adapted carefully to maintain blood glucose within the target range.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.635-644
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• 1999

The effect of isoprothiolane(di-isopropyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate) aganist fat necrosis in Hanwoo(Korean Cattle) sire was evaluated. The 10 heads of Hanwoo sire suffering from fat necrosis were given 50mg/kg body weight of isoprothiolane(0.2g/kg of Fujix, Japan) orally once a day for 8 weeks. In 30% of these, the size of the necrotic fat masses had decreased significantly 7 months after the adminstration. Isoprothiolane did not affect on live body weight and semen characteristics. However the sire affected with fat necrosis had higher MCHC(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) than normal sire in hematologic values 10 weeks after administration. Number of RBC(red blood cell) and PCV(packed cell volume) 10 weeks after administration had been increased than those before administration(p < 0.05). The serum concentrations of creatinine, triglyceride, and total cholesterol 10 weeks after administration were higher than those before administration while the concentration of glucose was vice versa. The isoprothiolane may reduce the oxidation of glucose, increase the glucose transfer to lipids, and increase blood supply to necrotic masses. These results indicate that isoprothiolane may be useful as the therapeutic agent aganist fat necrosis.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.539-545
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• 2021

Objective: Endometritis is a major disease, that causes infertility in cattle, and is usually categorized as clinical or subclinical endometritis (SCE). The nutritional condition during the dry period is important for recovery after the last stage of the lactation period, and for postpartum production and reproduction. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between nutritional and metabolic characteristics in the dry period, and the risk of postpartum SCE. Methods: Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 25, raised in a tied stall) were used. Endometrial cytological analysis was performed around 30 days post-partum, with 5% to 14% polymorphonuclear (PMN) as a cut-off point to define SCE. Serum levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were measured in the cows at the dry period to evaluate energy status, protein metabolism, and mineral metabolism. Results: The incidence of SCE in the cows was 60.0% (n = 15/25) and the mean PMN% in postpartum cows diagnosed as SCE was 8.05%±2.6%. Overall, 17 and 8 samples were collected from the cows in the far-off and close-up periods, respectively. The serum concentration of BHBA in the far-off period and serum glucose concentration in the closeup period were correlated with postpartum PMN% (r = 0.62, p<0.01; r = -0.74, p<0.05, respectively). Serum levels of calcium and magnesium in the dry period were associated with the incidence of postpartum SCE (healthy vs SCE cows, p<0.05). Conclusion: Blood levels of glucose, BHBA, calcium, and magnesium in dry periods could be useful parameters for predicting the risk of postpartum SCE. The present study also suggests that management in the close-up period is essential for promoting recovery from calving fatigue.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 1991

This study was directed to further clarify the effect of resting time or dietary condition for the improvement of exercise capacity and physical fitness, and the changes of some body consitiuents and physiological functions which are related to the exercise metabolism. Sixteen male students(8 athletes and 8 nonathletes)were participated during 3 weeks(Aug. 20-Sep.9, 1989). Each subject performed two treadmill running trials at an absolute intensity (1 mintute in 3.4mph/15% slope and 2 minutes in 5.5mph/20% slope). In the resting time trials, general diet was fed before 1, 2, 4 and 12 hours of the treadmill exercise loaded. in the dietary condition trials, high carbohydrate(HC), high fat(HF) and high protein(HP) diet were fed before 2 hours of the treadmill exercise loaded. Control trial was that of resting time before treadmill exercise loaded after 12 hours of general diet feeding. Measurement were made to study the change of blood glucose, palmitate, lactate, blood pressure and heart rate. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Mean daily metabolizable period. In resting time trial, the blood glucose concentration of athlete and nonathlete from 2 hours group was similar to control group. The blood palmitate concentration of athlete was increased in 1 and 2 hours group but those of nonathlete was not only increased in 1 and2 hours group but was more increased in 12 hours group, compared with both control group. The blood lactate concentration was increased in all experimental group, compared with both control group and those of nonathlete was much higher than athlets. The elevation rate of blood pressure in pre-and after-exercise of athlete was lower than those of nonathlete. In dietary composition trial, the blood glucose concentration of athlete and nonathlete in HC group was higher than other diet groups. The blood lactate concentration of athlete and nonathlete in HC group was lower than other diet groups. There was no remarkable change of the blood palmitate concentration and heart rate in each dietary composition trial, but those of nonathlete was low in HC and high in HP group. In above results, it was suggested that the effective condition of resting time and dietary composition for the improvement of exercise capacity of nonathlete may be 2 hours and HC diet, respectively. But it was showed that the exercise capacity of athlete may not be affected by experimental condition of resting time, except 1 hour after feeding or of dietary composition because of well adaptation in new exercise condition.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to styrene on the components of metabolic syndrome. We surveyed 263 employees, among whom 117workers we ere chronically exposed to styrene in glass-reinforced plastic boat manufacturing factories and 146 controls had never been occupationally exposed to styrene as will as hazardous chemicals. The general and job characteristics such as age, smoking and drinking habit, working hours and duration were not significant different except sleeping hours(p<0.05). Among the components of metabolic syndrome, the systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and fasting glucose were significantly higher in exposed workers. On multiple logistic regression analysis for the components of metabolic syndrome, waist circumference was insulin (OR=1.129), blood pressure was MA(OR=14.724), fasting glucose(OR=1.191) and metabolic syndrome(OR=1.110) were significantly associated with insulin. The mean concentration of airborne styrene was $ 38.1{\pm}40.1$ ppm, blood concentrations of glucose and insulin and levels of HOMA-IR in over 50 ppm exposed group were higher than in blow 50 ppm exposed group. These results suggested that the exposure of styrene affects blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin levels and that dysfunction and/or declination in glucose and insulin metabolism might induced ultimately insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 1999

This study was carried to get detailed information about the analeptic effect of yohimbine on succinylcholine muscle relaxant. Succinylcholine was administered intra- venously at a dose rate of 0.05 mg per kg of body weight and then ten minutes after the succinylcholine injection, yohimbine was administered intravenously at a dose rate of 0.1 mg per kg of body weight. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Induction time of muscle relaxation was fast and favourable as 38 seconds. 2. Mean arousal time and mean walk time were significantly shortened by yohimbine administration in the dogs immobilized with succinylcholine (p＜0.01). 3. Heart rate was slightly increased after succinylcholine administration, and increased significantly after yohimbine administration compared to the control group (p＜0.05). 4. Glucose concentration was slightly increased after succinylcholine administration, and decreased after yohimbine administration compared to the control group.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 1983

It is already well known that many factors are involved in maintaining normal blood glucose level. The amount and components of meal are also thought to be some of the factors which affect the blood glucose and insulin levels. It is reported that as for Koreans sugar takes up over 75% out of 2,098 kcal, the average daily calorie intake per adult. It implies that Koreans take a high-sugar diet compared with Westerners who take $40\sim50%$ of sugar out of their total average daily calorie. For the purpose of studying diurnal variations in serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide of normal Korean adults based on ordinary Korean diet, we selceted 13 normal Korean male adults and divided them into two groups, Group I (7 persons) and Group II (6 persons). We put Group I on 3,100kcal and 75% sugar diet, and Group II on 2,100 kcal and 69% sugar diet per day for over 4 days. Serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide were checked every 30 minutes or every hour throughout 24 hours. Results are as follows: 1. As for serum glucose level, in the prep ran dial fasting state in the morning, $mean{\pm}S.D.$ of Group I was $91.1{\pm}8.2mg%$, while that of Group II is $82.5{\pm}4.4mg%$. Both groups showed peaks of increased glucose level at postprandial 1 hour after each meal. The peak returned to the level shown during the fasting state at postprandial 1 hour after breakfast while the relatively high glucose levels were maintained respectively even for 2 or 3 hours.after lunch and dinner. 2. As for serum insulin level, Group showed $mean{\pm}S.D.$ of $14.7{\pm}3.0{\mu}U/ml$ while Group II shows that of $7.0{\pm}2.6{\mu}U/ml$ in the fasting state. Group I particularly showed the largest peak from preprandial a half or one and half an hour to postprandial one hour of lunch, and made relatively small peaks $(47.7{\pm}10.8{\mu}U/ml)$ at postorandial 1 hour after breakfast and dinner. No such large peak was marked in Group II, though it showed relatively similar patterns of peak after each meal. 3. As for C-peptide, in the fasting state, Group I and Group II showed $3.50{\pm}1.85$ and $1.66{\pm}0.53ng/ml$ of $mean{\pm}S.D.$, respectively. Group II showed peaks parallel to those for insulin level. None out of seven in Group I showed expected increase in C-peptide based insulin secretion at a half or one and half an hour before lunch. On the contrary, C-peptide increased in 5 subjects out of seven in Group I at 11:00 p.m. when insulin did not increase. 4. According to the integrated concentration method for a measurement of 24-hour total. insulin secretion rate, the $mean{\pm}S.D.$ of Group I was $76.4{\pm}15.2$ U and that of Group II was $58.6{\pm}21.1$ U. The above results confirm that Koreans, when given ordinary diet of 2,100 kcal and 69%, sugar, show insulin secretion pattern essentially similar to that of Westerners. On the contrary, when they are put on a high-calorie diet of 3,100 kcal a day, 75% of which is sugar, insulin secretion can be increased before lunch without increase in blood glucose. These results implies that insulin secretion can be affected by some other factors. The observation that an increase in C-peptide after 11 : 00 p.m. independent of insulin level supports an assertion that insulin secretion and C-peptide secretion can be thought as being physiologically dissociable, and these changes of diurnal patterns in the levels of serum insulin and C-peptide are thought to be resulted from the large meal and high-carbohydrate diet.

• 동의생리학회지
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• 제14권2호통권20호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1999

Aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, have been used as antibiotics for the various infections by gram-negative bacteria. However, there are some restrictions for using these drugs. Gentamicin, a typical aminoglycoside, has the side effect of nephrotoxicity, including polyuria, glycosuria, proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, and uremia. The aims of this study were to examine the prevention or reduction effects of Jinmootang on the gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and to investigate the possible mechanisms on the effect of Jinmootang. The subcutaneous injections of 60mg of gentamicin per kg of boby weight to Sprague-Dawley rats for 8 days induced typical symptoms of nephrotoxicity by aminoglycosides. 0.6ml of water extract Jinmootang (100ml/chup) was orally treated in the experimental animal. 24-hour urine was collected with the metabolic cage and plasma was sampled from the abdominal aorta. The plasma concentration of sodium was significantly decreased by the treatment of gentamicin but it was not-significantly changed by the treatment of Jinmootang to the animal. The concentration of potassium was greatly decreased in the gentamicin-treated animals. However. it was returned to the normal level in the Jinmootang-treated animals. The concentrations of creatinine and urea were increased by gentamicin treatment. But, Jinmootang reduced these concentrations. Nevertheless, the osmolalities of plasma in both group were not different from each other. Even though the plasma concentration of aldosterone was not significantly changed, the mean value was increased by the gentamicin intoxication. The concentration of aldosterone was decreased by the treatment of Jinmootang. The reduction of aldosterone level in plasma could be a factor to improve the hypokalemia. The fractional excretion of potassium was much higher than normal by the treatment of gentamicin and it was decreased by 50% in the Jinmootang-treated rats. Therefore, the reabsorption of potassium was significantly increased by the treatment of Jinmootang, even though the filtered load of potassium in the experimental group was much highter than control. Even though the concentration of plasma aldosterone was decreased by the treatment of Jinmootang, the fractional excretion of sodium was not increased, slightly lower. These data suggested that Na reabsorption was increased in the proximal tubule by Jinmootang. The filtered load of glucose in the Jinmootang-treated group was greater than in control. Nevertheless, the fractional excretion of glucose in the experimental group was not different from that in control. These results indicate that glucose reabsorption was increase in the proximal tubule by Jinmootang treatment. The results of this study suggest that Jinmootang could improve the some nephrotoxic symptoms induced by gentramicin treatment. Hypokalemia, the reduced glomerular filtration rate, and dysfunctions of renal proximal tubule and distal nephron were significantly recovered to normal level. The increase of glomerular filtration rate by Jinmootang might contribute to eliminate the waste product, including creatinine and urea, and/or gentamicin through the kidney.