• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.147-157
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• 1987

경제성장과 더불어 국민전체의 식생활 향상과 생활양상의 변천에 따른 운동부족을 초래하기 쉬운점 등 우리의 환경이 나날이 달라져 가고 있는 상황아래 비만증과 고지혈증으로 인한 뇌혈관질환, 당뇨병 등의 성인병이 중시되어 가고 있는 것은 우리나라의 사망상에서도 나타나고 있다. 따라서 국민보건상 식생활개선과 비만관리의 보건지도가 매우 중요하다고 생각되어 이와 같은 조사가 앞으로도 계속될 건강진단에서 추구조사가 이루어져 건강관리와 건강지도의 자료가 되었으면 한다. 1) 체중증가 남녀 공히 30대에서 증가하고 특히 여자에서 남자보다 현저하게 증가하였다. 2) Cholesterol과 혈당검사를 받은 수경자의 총Cholesterol과 혈당치의 $Mean{\pm}SD$는 각각 $181.63{\pm}34.67mg/dl,\;87.28{\pm}11.67mg/dl$이며 Mean+2SD는 각각 251 mg/dl, 111 mg/dl이였다. 3) 총 Cholesterol치 251 mg/dl 이상자는 3.0% (남자 3.2%, 여자 2.7%)이며, 혈당치 111mg/dl 이상자는 3.5% (남자 4.6%, 여자 1.2%)였다. 4) +20%이상 비만자에서 총 Cholesterol치 251 mg/dl는 12.9% 남자13.3%, 여자10.5%, 혈당치 111mg/dl 이상자는 7.6%(남자 6.6%, 여자는 단 2명)였다. 5) +20%이상 비만자에서 고혈압자가 남자8.2%, 여자 8.7%로 나타나고 같은 연령이라도 체중이 증가함에 따라 남녀 공히 수축기나 확장기혈압치가 상승하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2007

We examined the associations between adiponectin or leptin and serum ICAM-1 levels in seventy-six hypercholesterolemic patients (mean age 59 yrs, 25 males and 51 females, LDL-cholesterol>=130mg/dL at screening). Blood lipid profiles and HOMA-IR derived from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were determined. Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin and ICAM-1 were analyzed using ELISA The results showed that serum levels of leptin were positively associated with serum levels of ICAM-1 independent of age, sex and BMI (r=0.392, p<0.001). Serum levels of adiponectin were negatively associated with serum levels of ICAM-1 independent of age, sex and BMI (r=-0.343, p<0.005). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum leptin was an independent factor to be associated with serum ICAM-1 levels after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, blood lipids such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and HOMA-IR (p<0.001). With respect to adiponectin, its association with serum ICAM-1 was attenuated but still significant when further adjustments were made for age, sex, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, blood lipids such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and HOMA-IR (p<0.005). In conclusion, this study suggests that adiponectin and leptin are associated with endothelial derived inflammation.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2002

We compared the long-term metabolic effects of equal amounts of carbohydrate from potato, rice and buckwheat on glycemic indices and blood lipids in healthy subjects. Nine healthy volunteers-2 men and 7 women were studied. All subjects ate diets based on the same-7-day rotating menu differing only in that the major source of carbohydrate (about 50% of daily total calories) came either from buckwheat, rice or potato. The study was conducted with a triple crossover design over three 7 day periods. On the morning of the 8th day, fasting blood was drawn from each subject to determine serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol. Subjects were then asked to eat breakfast with their respective carbohydrate within a 20 min period. Blood samples were drawn at 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after the start of breakfast to determine glucose and insulin levels. At 30 min the glucose response to the rice meal(7.15mmol/L) and potato meal(6.71mmol/L) were greater than the response to the buckwheat meal(5.855mmol/L) (P < 0.05). The mean area under the glucose response to the curve following the rice meal was greater than that following the buckwheat meal(P < 0.05). The insulin responses to the potato and rice meals at 30 and 60 min were greater than those to the buckwheat meal (P < 0.05). The mean area under the serum insulin response curve after the rice meal was greater than of buckwheat. Blood lipids, uric acid and glycosylated hemoglobin were not affected by the three meals. The study shows that the buckwheat meal has more beneficial effects on glycemic indices than either the rice meal or potato meal in healthy subjects.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1751-1758
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• 2012

팔부위에서 혈당을 측정하는 것은 모세혈관에서 혈액을 채취하는 동안 느끼는 통증을 줄일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 팔부위 혈당검사의 임상적 유효성을 평가하기 위해 팔부위 혈당검사결과를 손가락 및 정맥에서의 혈당검사결과와 각각 비교하였다. 당뇨환자 61명이 포함된 555명의 피검자를 대상으로 금식 상태에서 휴대형 혈당계로 손가락과 팔 안쪽 부위에서 혈당검사를 수행하였으며, 1시간 이내에 피검자 514명의 정맥혈액으로 혈당검사를 수행하였다. 측정값들에 대해 선형회귀분석, 급내 상관분석(intraclass correlation), Passing-Bablok 회귀분석 기법으로 다양하게 비교 분석해 보았다. 팔부위 혈당값은 환자군에서 손가락 및 정맥 혈당값과의 상관계수(r)가 0.97(P<0.0001)로 높은 선형관계를 나타내었으며, 정상군에서도 r값이 약간 작았지만 유사하였다. 채혈 부위에 따른 혈당값의 평균 차이는 두 집단에서 모두 ${\pm}10mg/dL$ 이내이었다. 급내 상관계수는 r값에 비교하여 약간 작았지만 두 집단이 유사한 수치를 나타내었다. Passing-Bablok 분석에서 기울기의 95% 신뢰구간과 절편은 각각 < ${\pm}20%$, < ${\pm}20mg/dL$로서 임상 허용범위 이내의 값을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 사용한 세 가지 통계분석 결과 팔부위 혈당값이 손가락과 정맥에서 측정한 혈당값과 충분히 일치함이 입증되었다. 팔부위 혈당검사가 표준방법인 손가락 혈당검사와 높은 일치성을 나타내었으므로 금식 상태에서의 임상적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2002

동의보감에서 소갈증에 응용되는 옥천산 분말이 당뇨 암쥐의 혈당, 혈청과 간의 지질 및 단백질 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 평균체중 313.6$\pm$18.5 g되는 Spraque-Dawley계 암쥐를 정상군, 당뇨 대조군 및 당뇨 옥천산군 등 3군으로 나누어 각 실험식 이로 5주간 사육한 결과는 다음과 같다. 5주간 체중변화는 정상군은 3.5 g 증가하였으나, 당뇨 대조군과 당뇨 옥천산군은 당뇨로 인한 대사장애로 각각 97.8 g과 99.1 g씩 체중이 감소되었다. 췌장의 무게는 정상군에 비하여 당뇨 대조군은 유의하게 증가되었으나 당뇨 옥천산 군은 정상군과 비슷하였다. 비장의 무게는 정상군에 비하여 당뇨 대조군과 당뇨 옥천산군이 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈청의 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테를 및 간의 콜레스테를 농도는 당뇨 옥천산군이 당뇨 대조군보다 유의하게 감소되어 정상군과 비슷한 수준을 보였다. HDL-콜레스테를 농도와 HDL-콜레스테롤/총 콜레스테롤의 비율은 정상군과 당뇨 실험군들이 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 동맥경화지수 및 혈당량은 정상군에 비하여 당뇨 실험군들이 증가하였다. 간의 총 지질 및 중성지질 농도는 정상군에 비하여 당뇨 대조군과 당뇨 옥천산군이 유의하게 감소되었다. 혈청의 단백질과 알부민 농도는 정상군에 비하여 당뇨 대조군과 당뇨 옥천산군이 유의하게 감소되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 당뇨 쥐에 옥천산 분말이 혈당 및 동맥경화지수를 낮추는 효과는 없었으나, 혈청의 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테를 및 간의 콜레스테를 농도를 낮추는 효과가 나타났다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.483-494
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• 2015

Purpose: This study identified effects of dietary and physical activity interventions including dietary interventions or physical activity interventions alone or combined dietary-physical activity interventions to improve symptoms in metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose through meta-analysis. Methods: Articles on metabolic syndrome X published from 1988 to 2013 were searched through electronic databases, Google Scholar, and reference reviews. Methodological quality was assessed by the checklist, SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network). Results: In the meta-analysis, there were 9 articles reporting 13 interventions with 736 participants. Using random effect models, the dietary and/or physical activity interventions showed a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 1.30 cm, 95% CI: - 2.44~ - 0.15, p=.027). The combined dietary-physical activity interventions showed a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 2.77 cm, 95% CI: - 4.77~ - 0.76, p=.007) and systolic blood pressure ( - 5.44 mmHg, 95% CI: - 10.76~ - 0.12, p=.044). Additionally, interventions of over 24 weeks yielded a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 2.78 cm, 95% CI: - 4.69~ - 0.87, p=.004) and diastolic blood pressure ( - 1.93 mmHg, 95% CI: - 3.63~ - 0.22, p=.026). Conclusion: The findings indicate that dietary and/or physical activity interventions for metabolic syndrome reduce central obesity with no adverse effects. This finding provides objective evidences for dietary and physical activity management on metabolic syndrome as an efficient intervention.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.806-810
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• 2004

Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent often used for the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDDM). In this study, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin were investigated in Korean healthy volunteers during a fasting state for over 10 h. In order to evaluate the amount of glucose-lowering effect of metformin, the plasma concentrations of glucose were measured for a period of 10 h followed by the administration of metformin (oral 500 mg) or placebo. In addition, the concentration of metformin in blood samples was determined by HPLC assay for the drug. All volunteers were consumed with 12 g of white sugar 10 minutes after drug intake to maintain initial plasma glucose concentration. The time courses of the plasma concentration of metformin and the glucose-lowering effect were analyzed by nonlinear regression analysis. The estimated $C_{max}$, $T_{max}$, $CL_{t}$/F (apparent clearance), V/F(apparent volume of distribution), and half-life of metformin were 1.42$\{pm}$0.07 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, 2.59$\{pm}$0.18h, 66.12$\{pm}$4.6 L/h, 26.63 L, and 1.54 h respectively. Since a significant counterclock-wise hysteresis was found for the metformin concentration in the plasma-effect relationship, indirect response model was used to evaluate pharmacodynamic parameters for metformin. The mean concentration at half-maximum inhibition $IC_{50}$, $k_{in}$, $k_{out}$ were 2.26 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, 83.26 $H^{-1}$, and 0.68 $H^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model may be useful in the description for the relationship between plasma concentration of metformin and its glucose-lowering effect.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3993-3996
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• 2014

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by impaired fasting blood glucose that leads to disturbances in various organs. In this study, we evaluated relationships between tumor size and grade in a population of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with renal cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Between 2007-2013, in our clinic radical nephrectomy performed to 310 patients for renal tumors and pathology reported renal cell carcinoma cases were enrolled in the study. Patients with and without a history of diabetes regarding fasting glucose and HgA1c levels were evaluated during surgery for tumor size and Fuhrman grade. Results: Diabetes was found in 95 patients. The mean age of the patients with and without diabetes mellitus was 64.3 (40-79) and 58.4 (31-87) years, respectively. In the diabetes group 51% of patients had a tumor size over 7 cm and 54% a tumor grade over Fuhrman 3. The respective figures in the non-diabetes group were 35% and 30% (p<0.05 in both cases). Conclusions: Renal cancer appears more aggressive in patients with diabetes. In this study lifestyle and risk factors with diabetes regulation were observed to be important for renal cancer patients. Multicenter studies are needed in larger series for more accurate results.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2007

Objectives: Although risk factors for coronary artery disease are also associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), there is little information available on the asymptomatic, young adult population. We examined the association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and the common carotid IMT in 280 young Korean adults. Methods: The data used for this study was obtained from 280 subjects (130 men and 150 women) aged 25 years who participated in the Kangwha Study follow-up examination in 2005. We measured cardiovascular risk factors, including anthropometries, blood pressure, blood chemistry, carotid ultrasonography, and reviewed questionnaires on health behaviors. Risk factors were defined as values above the sex-specific 75th percentile of systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, fasting blood glucose and smoking status. Results: The mean carotid IMT${\pm}$standard deviation observed was $0.683{\pm}0.079mm$ in men and $0.678{\pm}0.067mm$ in women (p=0.567) and the evidence of plaque was not observed in any individuals. Mean carotid IMT increased with an increasing number of risk factors(p for trend <0.001) and carotid IMT values were 0.665 mm, 0.674 mm, 0.686 mm, 0.702 mm, and 0.748 mm for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 to 5 risk factors, respectively. The odds ratio for having the top quartile carotid IMT in men with 3 or more risk factors versus 0-2 risk factors was 5.09 (95% CI, 2.05-12.64). Conclusions: Current findings indicate the need for prevention and control of cardiovascular risk factors in young adults and more focus on those with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1070-1080
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• 2002

This study was designed to obtain the information concerning food intake, dietary habits, functional status, health condition and cognitive status of the elderly using public health center in Ulsan area. The subjects of this study consisted 154 elderly persons aged 60~82 years. Interviews were conducted using the health habits and food frequency questionnaires to provide basic information for nutrition education program. We evaluated the current food intake, dietary cholesterol intake (cholesterol index), functional status, cognitive function and blood analysis of the subjects. The results of this study were as follows : Mean age of the subjects was 68.7 $\pm$ 6.7years. The average cognitive status score of the subjects was 7.9 $\pm$ 2.0 (full score was 10.0). Male had a higher cognitive status score than female. There was significant difference between cognitive status score and age, education level, pocket money, physical activity and living condition. The subjects who had a higher cognitive status score ate more fish and meats group and milk and milk products than the subjects had a lower cognitive status score. And hemoglobin level, serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index affected to cognitive status while fasting blood glucose and LDL-cholesterol did not any effect on cognitive status. These results have demonstrated that various socioeconomic variables and food intake pattern and nutritional status affect on cognitive status with aging and suggest that proper nutrition education and adequate nutrient intake in quality and quantity are essential in maintaining cognitive status in later life.