• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of volume change is unsaturated clayed soil. The medium-plastic clay was selected and compacted by 50% of Proctor standard compaction energy at 6% higher moisture content than its OMC. A series of isotropic compression tests and triaxial shear tests were performed. The results of the study are summarized as follows. At each matric suction, when the matric suction was increased, the yield stress was increased and slope of volume change was decreased. The more net mean stress was, the less the quantity of volume change was. In shear test, the volumetric strain was much rapidly changed in large matric than in low matric suctions. But the effect of matric suction to volume change disappeared under high net mean stress. At lower deviator stress the more matric suction was, the higher volume change was. But As the matric suction was increasing, the behavior of the unsaturated clayey soil was similar to that of saturated clayey soil. Volume change in the unsaturated clayey soil can be represented as a unique plane in three-dimensional space, which is the axes of net mean stress, matric suction and void ratio.

• 대한조선학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 1971

In order to study the problem on form factor of hull form, towing test of a full ship model was carried out for different initial trims under both full and half load conditions. The results were fully discussed on the mutual relations among initial trim, mean sinkage and trim change in run, and form factor. There exists optimum initial trim in regard to form factor. Mean sinkage and trim change in run can be expressed in a uninominal approximation in the form of $k_i{\cdot}{F_n}^{2.2}$. The coefficients of this approxmation are related linearly with the initial trim. Form factor changes according to Froude number. It is considered that the trim change in run is a main reason of the fact.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.349-357
• /
• 2005

We suggest a functional technique with loess smoothing for estimating the change-point when there is one change-point in the mean model. The proposed change-point estimator is consistent. Simulation study shows a good performance of the proposed change-point estimator in comparison with other parametric or nonparametric change-point estimators.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.182-189
• /
• 2021

Background: Organism body size is a basic characteristic in ecology; it is related to temperature according to temperature-size rule. Butterflies are affected in various aspects by climate change because they are sensitive to temperature. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the effect of an increase in temperature due to global warming on the wing of butterflies. Results: A total of 671 butterflies belonging to 9 species were collected from 1990 to 2016 in Seoul (336 specimens) and Mokpo (335 specimens). Consequently, as the mean temperature increased, the wing length of the species increased. However, there are exceptions that the Parnassius stubbendorfii, Pieridae canidia, and Pieris rapae wing length of Seoul increased, but the butterfly wing length of Mokpo decreased. Conclusions: The positive correlations between the butterfly wing length and mean temperature showed that the change of mean temperature for about 26 years affects the wing length of butterfly species. The exception is deemed to have been influenced by the limited research environment, and further studies are needed. We would expect that it can be provided as basic data for studying effect of climate change.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.298-305
• /
• 2023

This study aimed to examine the effects of several essential oils on insomnia in dementia patients following transdermal treatment (aromatherapy). The mean change rates (%) of sleep biomarkers were compared between the single essential and jojoba (vehicle) oil massage groups in this study. The lavender (L) essential oil massage group demonstrated a significant decrease in the mean change rate (%) of 24-h urinary free cortisol, whereas the valerian (V) essential oil massage group demonstrated a significant increase in the mean change rate (%) of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine. In addition, a significant increase in the mean change rate (%) of 24-h urinary norepinephrine was observed in the chamomile (C) essential oil massage group only. Based on these results, valerian, lavender, and chamomile oils were mixed in different ratios to produce blending oils A (L:C:V=2:2:1), B (L:C:V=3:1:1) and C (L:C:V=1:3:1). The highest level of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine was observed after administering blending oil A. These results suggest that blending oil A might possess therapeutic effects against insomnia. Overall, it is hypothesized that the optimally blended essential oil will produce synergic effects when combined with hypnotic drugs.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.281-301
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 일변량 정규분포를 따르는 확률변수의 관측치열에 대한 변화점 문제(change point problem)를 고찰한다. 변화점의 존재유무, 그리고 만일 변화점이 존재한다면 어떠한 유형으로 발생했는지 즉, 변화점 발생 이후로 평균만 변화, 분산만 변화, 또는 평균과 분산 모두가 변화했는지를 밝힌다. 가능한 여러 유형의 변화모형들 가운데 최적의 모형을 선택하기 위해 베이지안 모형선택 기법을 이용하고, 선택된 모형에 내재된 모수를 추정 하기 위해 메트로폴리스-혜스팅스 알고리 즘을 포함한 깁스샘플링 을 이용한다. 이러한 방법론은 모의실험을 통해 검토되고, 또한 서울지역의 겨울철 평균기온 자료에 적용된다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.904-913
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate smoking cessation behavior of male taxi drivers in Korea on the basis of the Transtheoretical model(TTM), and to validate the usefulness of TTM. Method: Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire including smoking history and major factors of TTM from 208 subjects who were current smokers or ex-smokers. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Result: Most subjects ($85.1\%$) were current smokers. Stages of change were precontemplation ($44.7\%$) and contemplation ($27.4\%$). Subjects in precontemplation stages had the lowest mean score in processes of change and the highest mean scores in decisional balance(pros) and temptation(positive affective, habitual/craving). According to stages of change, there were statistically significant differences in processes of change, decisional balance, and temptation. Conclusion: This study supported the generalization of TTM. As this study showed that the subjects didn't have motivation in smoking cessation, applying tailored smoking cessation programs for taxi drivers is needed.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 IWAIT
• /
• pp.229-232
• /
• 2009

Shot change detection is an important technique for effective management of video data, so detection scheme requires adaptive detection techniques to be used actually in various video. In this paper, we propose an adaptive shot change detection algorithm using the mean of feature value on variable reference blocks. Our algorithm determines shot change detection by defining adaptive threshold values with the feature value extracted from video frames and comparing the feature value and the threshold value. We obtained better detection ratio than the conventional methods maximally by 15% in the experiment with the same test sequence. We also had good detection ratio for other several methods of feature extraction and could see real-time operation of shot change detection in the hardware platform with low performance was possible by implementing it in TVUS model of HOMECAST Company. Thus, our algorithm in the paper can be useful in PMP or other portable players.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2007

The study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with bone mineral content (BMC) changes among early pubertal aged girls. Two hundred and thirty girls between 9 to 11 years of age participated in (our surveys over 2 year period. During each survey, dietary intakes were collected with 3-day food records, BMC of left leg's calcaneus were measured by PIXI (Lunar Ltd.) and body composition was measured by bioimpedance method (Inbody 3.0 Biospace Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Mean values of BMC increased in consecutive measurements -1.48 g, 1.54 g, 1.61 g and 1.66 g. The change of BMC between the first and last measurements was significantly positively correlated with % body fat, negatively correlated with BMC at the baseline (p < 0.05). Change of BMC was also significantly positively correlated with % change of lean mass and mineral mass between the first and last measurements. Nutrient intakes during the study period were calculated as mean daily intakes from all surveys. Mean daily intakes of Vit. C and Vit. $B_6$ were positively and isoflavone intake was negatively correlated with changes of BMC (p < 0.05). In stepwise regression of BMC change with body composition and nutrient intakes, baseline values of BMC, weight, BMI and age, % change of mineral mass during the study period, mean intakes of isoflavone, Vit. $B_6$, protein, carotene and zinc were significant explanatory variables ($R^2=0.38$, p <.001, F = 32.39). The results imply that the change of BMC among early pubertal aged girls are associated with some body composition and intakes of certain nutrients.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.1171-1177
• /
• 2003

Purpose. Despite many smoking cessation programs, many patients with CAD continue to smoke or re-smoke. The processes of change and self-change for smoking cessation is emphasized. The purpose of present study was to investigate decisional balances and processes of change according to stages of change for smoking cessation in the patients with CAD. Methods. This descriptive study was performed using the self-reported questionnaires from 157 male patients with CAD who have smoking experiences. The questionnaires consisted of decisional balances toward smoking (pros/cons) and processes of change including 7 factors. Results. 45.2% of the subjects had myocardial infarction and 54.8% for angina pectoris. Major stages of change were maintenance, contemplation, and precontemplation in 62%, 14%, and 18% respectively. The mean score of pros smoking was 31.07 and cons smoking was 32.52. The mean scores of processes of change were high in all 7 factors, especially in self determination. The pros smoking in precontemplation stage was significantly higher than those in other stages. Between contemplation and precontemplation stages, processes of change showed significant differences in stimulus control, self determination, information management, and dramatic relief. Conclusion. This study suggests that decisional balances and processes of change are stage-specific. As this study, smoking cessation program in the patients with CAD must put priority on the patients group in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages, and stress self determination and dramatic relief.