• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.1052-1056
• /
• 2008

소다 공정에서 탄산칼슘 결정의 평균입경과 형상 변화를 온도변화와 PAA 용액의 첨가에 대하여 연구하였다. 낮은온도($30^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$)에서는 Calcite 결정을, 높은 온도($80^{\circ}C$)에서는 Aragonite 결정을 얻었다. $30^{\circ}C$와 $80^{\circ}C$에서 용액에 PAA 용액을 첨가하여도 결정의 형상변화는 없었다. 중간온도($60^{\circ}C$)에서 PAA 용액을 첨가하여 Aragonite 결정을 얻었다. 결정의 형상변화가 PAA 분자 첨가로 인하여 일어났다. PAA 용액의 농도가 높을수록, 더 많은 Aragonite 결정을 얻었다. PAA 수용액의 농도가 높고 분자량이 클수록 탄산칼슘 결정의 평균입경은 증대하였으며, 형상변화가 일어나는 영역에서는 PAA의 분자량이 평균입경변화에 중요한 변수가 된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.354-361
• /
• 2007

Statement of Problems. The precision of fit between the bearing surfaces of implant abutments and the prosthesis framework has been considered fundamental to implant prosthodontic protocol. Purpose. The study aimed to investigate the effect of laboratory procedure on the dimensional accuracy of cast implant bars. Material and methods Thirty implant bars were fabricated on a metal master model. The gap distances were measured at the right implant abutment replica-gold cylinder interface after casting procedure. The bar length data of precasting and postcasting state were collected and analyzed. Results. The mean gap distance found after casting was $106.3{\mu}m$ for buccal side, $122.1{\mu}m$ for distal side and $117.1{\mu}m$ for the lingual side. The mean bar length was $17964.7{\mu}m$ at precasting measurement, $17891.6{\mu}m$ at postcasting measurement. The mean change of bar length was $-73.1{\mu}m$. Conclusion. Even though the techniques used in this study strictly followed the guidelines established in the literature, the 30 cast implant bars evaluated all yielded gap distances that were beyond acceptable accuracy. There was a statistically significant difference between precasting and postcasting bar length (P<0.01). There was a decreasing tendency in bar length after casting procedure. It was necessary to correct this dimensional change from laboratory procedure by some corrective methods.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2002년도 춘계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.638-642
• /
• 2002

대용량의 동영상 데이터 이용에 있어 사용자가 전체 동영상 데이터를 한눈에 파악할 수 있고, 필요한 경우 원하는 지점부터 동영상을 재생할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 동영상 데이터의 정보를 요약해 놓은 프레임 리스트를 제공하며, 효과적인 동영상 검색을 위해서는 동영상 데이터의 색인과정이 필요하다. 본 논문은 내용기반 색인에 기초가 될 동영상의 장면 전환점 검출에 관한 효과적인 방법을.제안하고자 한다. 제안된 방법은 동영상 데이터를 대각선 방향으로 일정 픽셀의 칼라 값을 추출하여 동영상의 전체 구조를 파악할 수 있도록 정지영상으로 샘플링 하였으며, 샘플링 된 데이터는 장면전환점을 한눈으로 파악할 수 있었다. 각각의 프레임에서 추출한 픽셀의 칼라 값은 행렬A에 i$\times$j 행렬로 i는 프레임 수, j는 프레임의 영상 높이로 저장하고 MSE(Mean Square Error) 도입하여 각 프레임의 평균 오차를 계산한다. 평균오차와 일정 임계값을 초과하면 그 프레임을 장면 전환점으로 검출하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects on improvement of the range of motion in the TM joint. Methods: 26 subjects who have TM joint limitation were divided to passive movement group(n=13, $21.3{\pm}2.95$ years) and active movement group(n=13, $20.62{\pm}1.39$ years). All of the subjects were treated 5 to 10 minutes per one time, five times once a week for 4 weeks by the physical therapist. The open bite and cross bite were investigated at before, during(2 wks) and treatment(4 wks). Results: In order to assure the statistical significance of the result, a Repeated measures ANOVA were applied at the 0.05 level of the significance. There was a significant difference in terms of the rates of open bite mean change in within-open bite effects among pre-test, post-test 2weeks and post-test 4weeks in each group(P=0.029). There was no significant difference in the rates of mean change in between-open bite effects(P=0.441) but interactions between two types of effects(P=0.025) were statistical significance among pre-test, post-test 2 weeks and post-test 4 weeks in each group. There was no significant difference in the rates of mean change in within-close bite effects(P=0.112), between-cross bite(P=0.179) and interactions between the two types of effects(P=0.098) among pre-test, post-test 2 weeks and post-test 4 weeks in each group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that passive movement and active movement were effect on increase of TM joint ROM about open bite and cross bite.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.214-230
• /
• 2022

Loss and damage have become a vital contemporary issue in climate change studies and actions in developing countries. However, studies are scant on this in the fisheries sector around the world. In Bangladesh, there is no study on the loss and damage in fisheries dependent communities. This study assesses economic and non-economic loss and damage to coastal shrimp farms due to cyclone Bulbul in Gabura Union of Shyamnagar Upazila, Satkhira district, using a mixed method approach. Results show that all shrimp farms' dependent communities are affected by cyclone Bulbul to some extent. About 14%, 57%, and 29% of the farms were totally, heavily and moderately damaged due to farm inundation and dyke damage. The estimated mean loss and damage per shrimp farm was worth USD 4,633. Around 31% and 72% of the farms' fencing nets and traps were lost, which was worth USD 333 per farm. There were also loss and damage to other resources such as houses, solar panels, livestock and agricultural crops where the estimated mean loss and damage per household was worth USD 3,170. This study reported that the rich shrimp farmers encountered proportionately more economic loss and damage than their poor counterparts. However, this does not mean that the poor suffered less. The current study found a range of non-economic loss and damage in different aspects of the shrimp farmers' household members such as unbearable mental pain, deterioration of health, physical injuries, disabilities, etc. and access to services (e.g., inadequate food, lack of safe drinking water, lack of medical facilities, disruption of education systems), social infrastructure (e.g., damage of roads and markets) and disturbance of cultural functions. The findings suggest that urgent short- and long-term actions may be taken to save the aquaculture farms and dependent livelihoods from economic and non-economic loss and damage to cyclones in future.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2014

영상처리를 통한 이동 물체 인식과 화질 개선 등의 연구에서 조명 변화가 성능에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 조명 변환에 대한 대응은 컴퓨터 비전 응용 분야에서의 중요한 관심사 중 하나이다. 조명 변화를 감지할 수 있게 되면 변화가 있는 시점에서부터 적절한 개선 알고리즘을 적용함으로써 인식률 향상 및 화질 개선 효과를 증대시킬 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 급격한 조명 변화를 감지함에 있어 실시간성을 얻기 위하여 지역 정보를 이요하고 퍼지 논리를 도입하여 이를 효과적으로 감지하는 방법을 제안한다. 급격한 조명 변화를 감지하는 효과적인 방법으로 모서리 영역과 가운데 영역에 대한 각각의 히스토그램의 평균과 편차, 그리고 변화 추이를 반영하기 위하여 이전 프레임의 각 영역에 대한 히스토그램의 평균과 편차와의 변화량을 입력으로 급격한 조명 변화가 있을 때 입력 값의 변화 패턴을 퍼지 규칙으로 만들어 조명 변화를 감지하도록 하였다. 또한 움직이는 물체에 가려 발생하는 변화와 구별하기 위하여 전체 영역에 대한 평균과 편차 변화량을 도입하여 논리적으로 추론하여 차이를 구별할 수 있도록 하였고 점진적으로 조명이 변화하는 것을 감지할 수 있도록 하였다. 다양한 테스트 데이터에 대해 객관적인 정확도 측정 기법을 이용하여 민감도와 특이도를 계산하여 제안한 방법의 효용성을 보였다. 적응형 뉴로-퍼지 추론시스템을 도입하여 대비제한 적응 히스토그램 평활화 (CLAHE)의 매개 변수를 자동으로 선택할 수 있는 방법을 제안하여 급격한 조명의 변화를 감지한 결과를 바탕으로 화질을 개선할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to examine the trend on the change of the cherry blossom flowering time due to the temperature change by selecting regions that have long periods of cherry blossom flowering time data as cases. With the flowering time data, the distribution of cherry blossom flowering time, time series change and change rate of cherry blossom flowering time were analyzed. Also, the correlation between the cherry blossom flowering time and the temperature was analyzed. The flowering of cherry blossom is earlier in metropolitan areas, and in the east coastal region than the west coastal region. The trend on the change of the cherry blossom flowering time is very similar to change the temperature. The change rate of the cherry blossom flowering time is rising up in the whole regions under study, and is relatively high in metropolitan areas. Especially, the cherry blossom flowering time festinated greatly in Pohang that is one of the heavily industrialized cities. From the analysis of correlation analysis between cherry blossom flowering time and temperature elements, the cherry blossom flowering time is highly related with mean temperature of March, which the month is just before the beginning of flowering.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.837-844
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify fat distribution and blood pressure according to anthropometric change patterns between NIDDM patients and control subjects. Methods: Cross-sectionally 167 NIDDM patients and 87 controls were studied. Previous maximal body weight and acute weight loss was obtained. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio(WHR), skinfold thicknesses(abdomen, subscapular & triceps), and blood pressure was measured. Three anthropometric change patterns were categorized by BMI changes from the maximum lifetim's BMI to the current time (obese-obese, obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese: obese: BMI$\geq$25kg/m$^2$, nonobese: BMI<25kg/m$^2$). The data was analyzed by $X^2$, t-test, age adjusted ANCOVA and Least Squares Means(LSM) for multiple comparison. Result: Acute body weight loss(p=0.01), anthropometric change types (p=0.001), WHR (p=0.05), and skinfold thickness (p=0.002) of NIDDM were significantly higher than those of the controls. The mean arterial pressure, WHR and skinfold thicknesses were greater in both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects compared with both nonobese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects. (all p's<0.05). Conclusion: NIDDM patients had more central and upper body adiposicity. Also both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects had higher mean arterial pressures and central body obesity.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2012

The rapid urbanization caused drastic temperature changes in Korea. Excessive urbanization and development result in unpredictable and abnormal climate change all over the world. These changes are reflected in Korean government policy and research about cities, such that various research endeavors have been undergone recently. There are lots of ways to improve the urban environment; the easiest way to solve the urban heat effect problem is to make green spaces within the city. Even though we can't enlarge green spaces over the city limitlessly, it is desperately need for a methodology to efficiently create green space in limited area. Based on awareness of issues as mentioned earlier, we would like to propose landscaping method that can increase thermal comfort in the same area. For this study, simulating the change of temperature, mean radiant temperature, PMV were done due to number of species planted in apartment complex. To increase the reliability of the simulation, first above all, field measurement for temperature change was performed in apartment complex, where residential building are arranged in the form of ㄷ. And based on this data, Envi-met simulation was performed varying 1-7 kinds of species divided by grass, shrubs, arbor (deciduous, conifers) planted in apartment complex. As a result, there was a change less than $1^{\circ}C$ with the increasing number of species in daytime, but the average radiation temperature about $6-7^{\circ}C$ was reduced. In addition, PMV index was improved by more than 0.5 point. Thermal comfort indicator improved significantly depending on the number of species during the day, on the other hand, there were no significant changes at night. As a consequence, this study has shown that not single-species planting but mixed planting varied the number of species would improve the thermal comfort in the same area of landscaping space at daytime.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.193-203
• /
• 1994

The author performed this study for investigation of the magnitude of mandibular positional change caused by joint sound during mandibular opening and closing movement. There have been many studies stated mandibular border movement or other functional movement, and there also have been many studies reported clicking sound related to mandibular movement speed, trajectory and clinicl course of temporomandibular disorders(TMDs), but there have not been so many studies stated spatial mandibular position accompanied by joint sound. For this study 46 TM joint from the patients with TMDs were used and they were compared by character and occuring phase of the joint sound. Synchronized data which were amplitude and frequency of joint sound and amount of mandibular positional change were collected through sonopak and BioEGN rotate of Biopak system, respectively. Mandibular position was analyzed for translational and rotational movement change between before and after joint sound. The obtained data were processed with SAS program and summary of this paper were as follows : 1. Mean value of the amount of translational movement in whole joints were 6.0mm in vertical direction, 3.3mm in anteroposterior direction and 0.8mm in lateral direction between before and after joint sound. 2. Mean value of the amount of translational movement in clicking joinnts showed slightly increased tendency than in popping joints. 3. The amount of mandibular change in translational movement during closing phase were more than during opening phase. 4. The amount of mandibular rotational change in whole joints were $1.1^{\circ}$, 1.0mm in frontal plane and $0.9^{\circ}$, and 0.8mm in horizontal plane. 5. The amount of rotational movement were more in clicking joints than in popping joints and were more during closing phase than during opening phase, but statistically significance were showed only in frontal plane.