• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.345-352
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• 2018

Purpose: The study was conducted to measure stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and pH (SCP) in high-risk newborns in the early postnatal period and to explore the features related to patterns of change in those parameters. Methods: SCH and SCP were measured on the dorsal hand in 99 hospitalized newborns during the first 14 days of life and the results were analyzed using a general linear model. Results: The mean hydration was 42.9% on day 1, which decreased to 34.6% by 2 weeks (F=15.61, p=<.001). An association was observed between SCH and prematurity (F=21.12, p<.001), as well as for their interaction (F=8.11, p<.001). The mean SCP was $6.2{\pm}0.3$ on day 1, and decreased to $5.7{\pm}0.2$ (F=95.75, p<.001), with no association with prematurity. After adjusting for birth weight, SCH was higher in newborns with vaginal delivery (F=9.07, p=.023) and who received phototherapy (F=11.81, p=.011). For SCP, only delivery type had a significant influence (F=6.40, p=.044). Conclusion: This study suggests that SCH is typically in the 30% range during the early postnatal period, and that an acid mantle on the SC surface is very unlikely to form; these findings could be applied to the nursing process for promoting skin integrity in high-risk neonates.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.109-117
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• 2009

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between professional self-concept and the job satisfaction of physical therapists. Methods: The subjects of the study were 221 physical therapists who worked in medical institutions in Seoul city and Kyounggi do. A questionnaire developed by Arthur and adapted by Sohng and Noh was used for measuring the professional self-concept. A questionnaire developed by Kim and Son and adapted by Kim and Jeon was used for measuring the job satisfaction. Results: The levels of the professional self-concept of physical therapists was a mean of 3.51 points and the level of job satisfaction was a mean of 3.32. There was a statistically significant difference for the professional self-concept of physical therapists according to such general characteristics as age (F=6.38, p<0.05), career (F=4.56, p<0.05) and pay (F=15.94, p<0.05), and there was a significant difference of job satisfaction according to such general characteristics as age (F=15.94, p<0.05), career (F=13.65, p<0.05) and pay (F=12.96, p<0.05). (ED note: this sentence made no sense. What I wrote is guesswork. You have to work on it.) The relationship between professional self-concept and job satisfaction showed a positive correlation (r=0.65, p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings show that modifications to the current program may improve the professional self-concept and job satisfaction of physical therapists.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of exposure to asbestos for ship repair workers in Korea by a systematic review. The number of articles studying asbestos exposure levels from ship repair workplaces was found to be 4. All asbestos concentration reported as either geometric mean and geometric standard deviation or ranges were transformed to arithmetic mean to estimate exposure level. In addition, weighted arithmetic means(WAMs) were calculated by weighing of the different number of samples. The WAM concentrations were 2.746 f/cc during asbestos dismantling work, 0.034 f/cc before asbestos dismantling work and 0.065 f/cc after working respectively. The maximum airborne concentration of asbestos during asbestos removal work was 7.02 f/cc which was 70 times higher than the occupational exposure limit of Korea, 0.1 f/cc. This study recommends that retrospective exposure to asbestos based on various ship types and operations should be assessed.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

Background & Objectives: Hyperexcitablity of motor system is a well-established characteristic pathophysiologic finding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Whereas little is known about the source of excitability according to the progression of the disease. We evaluated the excitability and its source in advanced ALS patients using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Meterial & Methods: Motor evoked potentials (MEP) by TMS were recorded for abductor pollicis brevis muscles in 20 patients, 11 men and 9 women, with ALS. Mean age was $54.2{\pm}12.1years$, and mean disease duration was $13.9{\pm}13.4years$. Serial magnetic stimulations were applied to get the parameters; excitability threshold (ET), amplitude and latency of MEP. We also had a facilitated MEP (fMEP). Results: The parameters were analyzed according to the clinical settings. ET was higher in ALS(mean $63.5{\pm}18.1$) than normal control (mean $46.0{\pm}8.4$, p<0.01). Amplitudes of MEP were reduced in ALS ($2.6{\pm}3.6mV$; control $6.5{\pm}3.1mV$, p<0.01). Duration of the disease and ET showed significant inverse correlation (Spearson correlation coefficient = -0.57, p<0.01). Duration of the disease and fMEP/MEP ratio showed less but also significant inverse correlation (Spearson correlation coefficient, r = -0.52, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lower ET in advanced ALS patients, in spite of decreased fMEP/MEP ratio, may indicate the hyperexcitability of lower motor neurons in these patients. This study suggests that lower motor neurons is hyperexcitable due to upper motor neuron dysfunction at advanced stage.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between powerlessness, sense of belonging and nutritional status of the elderly. Method: The study sample was 100 living at home and institutions. Data were collected by interview from Oct. to Dec. in 2003. The instruments were helplessness scale developed by Jung (1998), sense of belonging scale SOBI-A and nutritional initial screening. Results: The mean score of powerlessness was $2.71{\pm}0.30$, sense of belonging was $2.87{\pm}0.19$ and nutritional status was $4.42{\pm}3.34$. There was a statistically significant differences in powerlessness according to age (F=3.185, p=0.027), health status (F=6.945, P=0.002), religion (F=5.941, P=0.001), current spouse (t=-0.384, p=0.026), in sense of belonging according to age (F=4.40, P=0.006), length of education (F=10.64, P=<.0001) and in nutritional status according to age (F=3.34, P=0.022), health status (F=2.86, P=0.027). There was a statistically significant correlation between powerlessness and nutritional status (r=0.219, p=0.029). Conclusions: Nurses are able to decrease powerlessness or increase sense of belonging and nutritional status of the elderly by developing the health promotion program, improving perceived health status and empowering social interaction of the elderly specifically living at institutions.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2008

Habitual speaking fundamental frequency (sF0) plays an important role in determining the voice classification, which can be presented differently depending on the vocal fold length and language habits. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to compare the differences in sF0 for voice classification and closed quotient between speaking and singing. Seventeen singers (7 sopranos, 5 tenors, 5 baritones, mean age 25.1 years) with no evidence of vocal folds pathology were participated. sF0 and closed quotient (CQ) both in speaking and in singing (A3-A5 with soprano, A2-A4 with tenor and baritone) were measured using SPEAD program and electroglottography. No significant differences were observed for sF0 between tenor and baritone groups (p> 0.05). However, CQ in singing was significantly different among three groups (p< 0.05), but CQ in speaking was not (p> 0.05). Furthermore, CQ was significantly different with both soprano (p< 0.01) and tenor groups ((P= 0.02) whereas baritone group revealed there is no difference when compared between speaking and singing. No significant differences in sF0 between tenor and baritone participants may result from decision-making for voice classification by experience and should measure sF0 before determining the voice classification.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.649-653
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• 1995

Solution-state structure of native F430 was determined by using NMR methods and NMR-based distance geometry (DG) computations. Structures were generated with loose NOE-derived interproton distance restraints (2.0-2.5 Å, 2.0-3.5 Å and 2.0-4.5 Å for strong, medium, and weak NOE cross-peak intensities, respectively). 2D NOESY back-calculations of structures were subsequently carried out for establishing the consistence between experimental data and DG-model structures. The back-calculated 2D NOESY spectra of resulting DG structures were well consistent with experimental 2D NOESY spectra. Superposition of 20 independent structures with macrocyclic ring atoms and all atoms of F430 afforded pairwise root mean square deviations (RMSD) of 0.025-0.125 Å and 0.64-1.3 Å, respectively. The macrocyclic rings of structures are well converged to a unique conformation with saddle-shaped deformation whereas most of side chains are not converged. The average dihedral angle (N1-N2-N3-N4, 27.78±1.50°) of 20 DG-structures exhibits that the macrocyclic ring conformation is puckered as much as 12,13-diepimeric F430 (28.75±4.07°).

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the problems of using asbestos for dental technicians. Samples for analysing were sampled by personal sampler in 40 sampling points of 10 dental laboratories in Daegu city from December 2010 to January 2011 and counted with phase contrast microscopy. The results were as follows: 1. Asbestos concentration(geometric mean) of 40 sampling points in 10 dental laboratories was 0.0061 f/cc and it was under recommended industrial and indoor air standard, but the concentration of asbestos in only two dental laboratories was over indoor recommended standard. 2. The concentration of asbestos in processing room and burnout room was 0.0099 f/cc and 0.0037 f/cc, respectively. 3. The mean concentration(GM) of asbestos by kinds of casting ring liners was 0.0159 f/cc in dental laboratories using industrial asbestos, 0.0104 f/cc in them using asbestos containing ring liners, and 0.0026 f/cc in them using non-asbestos ring liners. Casting ring liners using in dental laboratories should be substituted with non-asbestos liners, because most of dental laboratories were using asbestos containing ring liners and a few of them showed higher concentration than recommended standard.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.548-561
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• 2015

Atmospheric concentrations of polychlorinated dibezo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) were investigated at urban-residential (Group I: Suwon, Guri and Goyang), industrial (Group II: Ansan, Siheung and Bucheon), urban-rural mixed (Group III: Yangju, Pocheon and Dongducheon) and rural regions (Group IV: Yangpyeong) in Gyeonggi-do from February 2012 to November 2012 quarterly. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.018 to $0.109pgTEQm^{-3}$ in Group I (mean value: $0.061pgTEQm^{-3}$), 0.059 to $0.367pgTEQm^{-3}$ in Group II (mean value: $0.179pgTEQm^{-3}$), 0.072 to $0.836pgTEQm^{-3}$ in Group III (mean value: $0.334pgTEQm^{-3}$) and 0.014 to $0.066pgTEQm^{-3}$ in Group IV (mean value: $0.034pgTEQm^{-3}$), respectively. In spite of the less PCDD/F emission sources than Group II (industrial regions), the level of PCDD/Fs in urban-rural mixed area showed the highest values with high fluctuation. It's likely that the Group III was affected by fugitive emissions such like biomass burning and unregulated open burning. The mean contribution of particle phase to total PCDD/F concentration was above 83% because most of PCDD/F congeners were partitioned into particle phase. We evaluated their gas-to-particles equilibriums with the regression between the particle-gas partition coefficient, $K_P(m^3{\mu}g^{-1})$ and corresponding subcooled liquid vapor pressure ($P_L$). The logarithm-$K_P$ of PCDD/Fs was poorly correlated with $P_L$ at low ambient temperature (below $10^{\circ}C$) and the slope (m) values for log-log plots of the $K_P$ vs. $P_L$ was steeper in the Group 2 and Group 3 than residential area. It implies that the slope values were likely influenced by both the direct emission source of PCDD/Fs and ambient temperature.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2015

The present experiment investigated the effect of word length on the length of f0 intervals for North Kyungsang children. In order to find out the lengths of the f0 intervals, the f0 values at the midpoints of vowels in words were measured. F0 estimates were computed as intervals consistent with the logarithmic scale corresponding to the number of syllables in the words. The results indicated that the mean f0 intervals in words of different lengths showed a significant difference for the HH in HH vs. HHL and the LH in LH vs. LLH for North Kyungsang children. Adult speakers from the North Kyungsang region significantly differed only within the HH in HH vs. HHL. Adult speakers made a noticeable contribution in this characteristic from the children. The result of the adult study was presented to confirm whether the children used a North Kyungsang dialect. With respect to individual speaker differences, the North Kyungsang children showed more or less consistent patterns in quantile-quantile plots for the HH vs. HHL, but for the HL vs. LHL and LH vs. LLH, there were more variations than for the HH vs. HHL. The individual speakers' variation was the largest for the HL vs. LHL and the smallest for HH vs. HHL. Considering these results, the effect of word length on f0 intervals tended to show pitch accent-type-specific characteristics in the process of prosodic acquisition.