• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.32-39
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the 3-year mean periods aftermath of child sexual abuse and to compare the sexual violence victims regard to the treatment. Methods: 682 sexual violence victims were recruited by Seoul Sunflower Children Center, a nation-funded sexual violence victim protection center for children age 13, from 2004 to 2008. Data from 49 victims among 116 consented a follow-up, were analyzed. The victims were assessed by psychological test. Data was analyzed by SPSS ver. 15.0 (SPSS Inc.). Results: The average time elapsed from the last presumed sexual abuse was 39.7 months [standard deviation (SD) 26.02]. Overall, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was significantly decreased from 15.8 (SD 9.33) to 10.4 (SD 9.98), and several subscales (depression, anxiety, anger, posttraumatic stress, and dissociation) of Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) were also significantly decreased. CDI and TSCC scores showed no statistical difference between treatment-given and not-given groups, but Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was decreased in treatment-given group, whereas it was increased in treatment-not-given group. The difference of RCMAS scores between the two groups was statistically significant [F(1,28)=4.54, p<0.05]. Conclusion: Sexually abused children showed overall symptom decreases over time, but anxiety was not decreased in treatment not-given group.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigates the status of medication use of the elderly with chronic disease taking non-opioid analgesics and attempts to identify factors influencing medication adherence. Methods: Data were collected from September 1 to October 19, 2016. A structured questionnaire was used for face-to-face interview with a convenience sample of 161, elderly people with chronic disease taking non-opioid analgesics. The survey included questions about status of medication use, medication adherence, symptom experience, depression and family function. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with IBM SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The mean score of medication adherence of the elderly with chronic disease was $4.48{\pm}2.35$. Experiences of side effects (${\beta}=.31$, p< .001), use of over-the-counter pain medication (${\beta}=.19$, p= .009), and family function (${\beta}=.16$, p= .031) were identified as significant predictors. The final model explained 18.0% of the variation of medication adherence of the elderly with chronic disease taking non-opioid analgesics (F= 12.30, p< .001). Conclusion: Therefore, as a strategy to improve medication adherence of the elderly with chronic disease, therapeutic intervention should be developed to improve family function and to manage with personalized plans considering experiences of side effects and use of over-the-counter pain medication.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 1993

To obtain a clear understanding of the degree of effect by the food color in diet habits, this study was a survey of the taste for food color. In this study, the term of investigation was tow months(May and Jun. 1992), the object was 10's∼50's women, and the sampling of them at random contain 100 person, respectively. The data-treatment was determinded by frequency, percentage, SD, Chi-square, Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient, Correlation, F-test as measured by SAS program for PC and statistical figures were obtained by GDAS. The results were as follows; 1. Food color in diet habits. : The relationship of food color with appetite by age group was showed to affect all age groups having more then 90%. The concern for food color by age group showed the lowst teenage having 56.7%, showing more then 70% except teenage. When chosen food, The most important characteristics of food was not age group but taste. In the correlation between characteristics, The correlation between color and form, taste and nutrition was showed affirmative. The difference test for the taste of food color and general color was shown, and the level of significance was chosen at 95%. 2. In the correlation between food color and the sense of emotion, The food color of depression and solitude was purple, the color of sadness and crying was white. But in case of only solitude, A statistical significance was shown. 3. In the investigation of taste for food color, the mean of taste degree was high in red, orange, yellow, yellowish green, green, white and low in blue, black. Their statistical significance was shown between colors but, was not shown between age groups. 4. In the relation of food color and associated with food, the colors of associated with food shown a vast difference with natural food color were blue(85.5%), purple(80.0%), pink(41.7%) and yellow(40.0%) but, A red color was not shown the error rate of associated with food color at all. Almost all kinds of associated with food were fruits and vegetables.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.90-103
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• 2003

Pain management is a major issue in caring of cancer patients. Because pain management cancer patient of does not control effectively, it is important to educate reporting pain and using analgesics for having cancer patient's concerns and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of cancer pain management education on the pain and concerns of pain management in cancer patients. This study was a quasi-experimental as nonequivalent control pretest-post test design. The subjects of this study consisted of 50 (experimental group 25, control group 25) patients hospitalized in K university hospital in Busan. The data were collected from December 1, 2001 to April 12, 2002. The measurement tool for the concerns of pain management had used questionnaires interpretated by Kim(1999) developed by based Ward(1993) and pain nominal scale. The collected data were analyzed frequency, percentage, mean, SD, $X^2$-test, t-test, ANCOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The 1st hypothesis : "The experimental group which had received the cancer pain management education were lower than the control group in the score of pain" was not supported (p>0.05). 2. The 2nd hypothesis : "The experimental group which had received the cancer pain management education were lower than the control group in concerns of pain management" was supported (F=5.285, p<0.01). In conclusion, the cancer pain management education can know what was effective to decrease in the concerns of pain management in cancer patients. Therefore, Pain Management Education must be positively utilized in clinical situation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 1985

The Purpose of this study are to investigate the characteristics of the flame behavior of gasoline-methanol blended fuels in spark ignition engine. Ionization probe were installed at the cylinder head and piston in order to measure flame speed. Other parameter such as engine performance, fuel consumption rate and exhaust gas were measured. The results were as follows. 1. In the case of increase methanol contents in blend fuel, flame propagation speed were increased, and thermal efficiency of the engine were increased due to decrease of energy consumption rate. 2. In the case of fixed equivalance ratio, NO sub(X) in exhaust gas were increased in accordance with increase of spark advance, and mean effective pressure were decreased in accordance with increase of methanol contents. 3. CO and HC concentration were decreased in accordance with increase of methanol contents.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze occupational and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA) in male office workers and to examine factors related to LTPA. Method: The subjects for this study were 226 male office workers, from eight work places located in Seoul, who had no physical restrictions. Minnesota LPTA Questionnaire (Taylor et al., 1978) revised by Kim(1997) was used to measure LTPA and revised Tecumseh Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire (Motoye, 1971) was used to measure occupational physical activity. The data were collected from May 4 to May 19, 2001 using a semi-structured questionnaire with interviews and self reports. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Windows 10.0 Program. Results: The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The mean level of physical activity was 8,716.9kcal/wk. The occupational physical activity was at 6,605kcal/wk(75.8%) and the level of LTPA was 2,111.4kcal/wk (24.2%). 2. Using 2,000kcal/wk as a base for categorizing LTPA as active or inactive, it was found that there were 94 subjects(41.6%) in the active group. 3. Subjects in their thirties had a lower level of LTPA than subjects in other age groups (F=3.484, p<.05). Physical activity, self-efficacy (r=.405, p=.000) and perceived health status (r=.301, p=.000) were positively related to LTPA. 4. Participants in club activities had a higher level of LTPA than those who did not (t=-2.369, p=.020). Support for physical activity(r=.164, p=0.13) was positively related to LTPA. Conclusion: This study suggested that to increase physical activity in male office workers, physical activity promotion programs should be established according to age and sex especially for those who are in their thirties and for women, and should include strategies strengthening support through peer groups and family, developing club activities and increasing physical activity self-efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promoting lifestyles in undergraduate students thus providing the basic data necessary to establish a health promoting program. The subjects of this study were 392 undergraduate students, living in Seoul, Chung-Buk, and Kangwon, during the period from May 10 to July 15, 2000. The instruments for this study were the health promoting lifestyles scale developed by Bak, Insuk(l995), the hardiness scale by Suh, Yeonok(1995), the social support scale by Su, Moonja(l988), and the perceived health status scale by Lawton et al.(l982). The results of this study are as follows; 1. The average score for health promoting lifestyles was 2.47 on 4 point scale. The health promoting lifestyles categories ‘harmony relationships’(3.08) and ‘sanitary life’(2.97) revealed higher scores, whereas scores for ‘healthy diet’(2.31), ‘exercise ＆ activity’(2.20) and ‘professional health management’(1.48) were lower. 2. The mean score for hardiness, social support and perceived health status was 4.43(on 6 point scale), 2.91(on 4 point scale) and 3.11(on 5 point scale) respectively. 3. There was a statistically significant difference in degree of health promoting lifestyle according to religion(t=2.05, p=0.04) and spending money per month(F=2.98, p=0.03). 4. Health promoting lifestyles showed significant positive correlation with hardiness, social support, and perceived health status. 5. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of health promoting lifestyle was hardiness. Social support and perceived health status have significant effects on health promoting lifestyles. These predictive variables of health promoting lifestyles explained 24% of variance. Finally, the result of this study will provide important factors for the development of a nursing intervention program for the promotion of healthy lifestyles in Korean undergraduate students.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.14.1-14.7
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit (TFRK) for the removal of broken endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 extracted human first mandibular molars with moderate root canal curvature were selected. Following access cavity preparation canal patency was established with a size 10/15 K-file in the mesiobuccal canals of all teeth. The teeth were divided into 2 groups of 40 teeth each: the P group (ProUltra tips) and the T group (TFRK). Each group was further subdivided into 2 smaller groups of 20 teeth each according to whether ProTaper F1 rotary instruments were fractured in either the coronal third (C constituting the PC and TC groups) or the middle third (M constituting the PM and TM groups). Instrument retrieval was performed using either ProUltra tips or the TFRK. Results: The overall success rate at removing the separated instrument was 90% in group P and 95% in group T (p > 0.05) The mean time for instrument removal was higher with the ultrasonic tips than with the TFRK (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both systems are acceptable clinical tools for instrument retrieval but the loop device in the TFRK requires slightly more dexterity than is needed for the ProUltra tips.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2019

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of hydrological processes. Accurate estimates of ET variation are of vital importance for natural hazard adaptation and water resource management. This study first developed a soil water index (SWI)-based Priestley-Taylor algorithm (SWI-PT) based on the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), SWI, net radiation, and temperature. The algorithm was then compared with a modified satellite-based Priestley-Taylor ET model (MS-PT). After examining the performance of the two models at 10 flux tower sites in different land cover types over East Asia and Australia, the daily estimates from the SWI-PT model were closer to observations than those of the MS-PT model in each land cover type. The average correlation coefficient of the SWI-PT model was 0.81, compared with 0.66 in the original MS-PT model. The average value of the root mean square error decreased from $36.46W/m^2$ to $23.37W/m^2$ in the SWI-PT model, which used different variables of soil moisture and vegetation indices to capture soil evaporation and vegetative transpiration, respectively. By using the EVI and SWI, uncertainties involved in optimizing vegetation and water constraints were reduced. The estimated ET from the MS-PT model was most sensitive (to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in forests) to net radiation ($R_n$) in grassland and cropland. The estimated ET from the SWI-PT model was most sensitive to $R_n$, followed by SWI, air temperature ($T_a$), and the EVI in each land cover type. Overall, the results showed that the MS-PT model estimates of ET in forest and cropland were weak. By replacing the fraction of soil moisture ($f_{sm}$) with the SWI and the NDVI with the EVI, the newly developed SWI-PT model captured soil evaporation and vegetation transpiration more accurately than the MS-PT model.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.442-445
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• 2007

Seedlings height of hybrids varied depending on mating combinations. Among the progenies from the mating combination, P. thunbergii(CN4)$\times$P. densiflora(KW29) showed the best plant growth. The mean height of this combination was 521 cm at the age of 8 years(yrs), which was 9% higher than rest of the crosses. Seedlings height of progenies using P. thunbergii(JN37) as mother tree showed 28%, 33%, and 29% higher than those of open-pollinated progenies of the mother tree at the ages of 4yrs, 6yrs, and 8yrs, respectively. On the other hand, using P. densiflora (KB5) as father tree showed 45%, 48%, and 32% higher than those of open-pollinated progenies of the father tree. This result may be caused by hybrid vigor.