• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1444-1452
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• 2007

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences in microbial activity of five faecal inocula from weaned pigs and one faecal inoculum from unweaned pigs in combination with 6 substrates. The substrates tested were negative control diet, corn, soybean meal, oligofructose (OF), ground chicory roots and a mixture (60% chicory pulp and 40% OF). The inocula used were derived from pigs fed either a corn-soy based diet without antibiotics (NCON), the NCON diet supplemented with oligofructose (OF), a mixture of chicory pulp (40%) and OF (60%) (MIX), ground chicory roots (CHR) or the NCON diet supplemented with antibiotics (PCON). The cumulative gas production measured fermentation kinetics and end products, such as total gas production, ammonia and volatile fatty acids, were also determined. Both the substrate and the inoculum significantly affected the fermentation characteristics. The cumulative gas production curve showed that different substrates caused more differences in traits of fermentation kinetics than the different inocula. Inocula of weaned pigs gave a significantly higher VFA production compared to the inoculum from unweaned animals, whilst the rate of fermentation and the total gas produced did not differ. OF showed the highest fermentation kinetics and the lowest $NH_3$, pH and OM loss compared to other substrates. It was concluded that the microbial activity was significantly affected by substrate and inoculum. Inoculum from weaned pigs had more potential for microbial fermentation of the carbohydrate ingredients and oligofructose than that of unweaned pigs. A combination of high and low polymer inulin may be more beneficial to the gut ecosystem than using high- or low-polymer inulin alone.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.248-257
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on dietary behavior and nutrient intake among the male college students. The subjects were divided into three groups; non smoker(n=84), moderate smoker(n=68), and heavy smoker(n=89) according to duration and degree of smoking. And they were asked for general characteristics, life style, eating pattern, food frequency, and nutrient intake using questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 26.2$\pm$6.2 years, 173.3$\pm$5.3㎝, 66.5$\pm$9.3㎏, and 22.1$\pm$2.7㎏/$m^2$, respectively. The type of residence and frequency of alcohol drinking were significantly different among three groups; the frequency of self-boarding and alcohol drinking in moderate smoker and heavy smoker was higher than those in non smoker. Comparing with non smoker, the frequency of skipping meals, especially breakfast and supper, was significantly high in moderate smoker and heavy smoker. The most common reason why heavy smoker skipped meals was ‘eating habit’, while it was ‘lack of time’ in non smoker. The results showed that the heavy smoker tended to drink coffee more often compared to the other two groups. There were no significant differences in nutrient intakes among three groups. In conclusion, heavy smoking students have unhealthy dietary behaviors in terms of high frequency of alcohol drinking, habit of skipping meals and frequent coffee drinking showing a strong need of proper education on smoking withdrawal and meal practice for them.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.225-234
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• 1998

Nutrition during childhood is essential for growth and maintenance of health. Good food habits developed during the childhood will contribute both to the healthy growth and the prevention of the degenerative disease of later life. Both parents and the providers in child care centers play an important role for children's good eating behavior. Therefore all child care programs should achieve recommended standards for meeting children's nutritional and educational needs in a safe, sanitary, and supportive environment to promote the healthy growth and development of children. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the foodservice management practices and assess the needs for a Central Production Unit by contacting the child care center' providers. This approach was achieved using a variety of qualitative and quantitative information including the general foodservice management practices and the needs for a Central Production Unit. An indepth face-to-face interview with structured-questionnaires was undertaken at 32 representative child-care centers in Seoul. Statistical data analysis was done using the SAS program for descriptive analysis and ANOVA. The number of national/public and private sectors were 11 respectively, followed by 10 licensed home day-care centers. Total average number of children in child-care centers was 54.3 $\pm$48.5. The foodservice productivity index in child-care centers was 4.8 minutes per meal for public child care centers, 6.0 for private child-care centers, and 9.8 for home child care centers. Home child care centers were found to have the lowest productivity index which indicated inefficient foodservice practice. The important factors in group purchasing were menus(39.6%) or close distance(39.6%) > type of foodservice operation(32.8%) > total number of meals(19.9%) > food costs(16.2%) in order. Average score of the efficiency for central food production in child-care centers was 3.80 $\pm$0.84 out of 5.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of health control behaviors on the emotional happiness of the elderly. Among the survey instruments used in this study, emotional hapiness was the tool developed by Watson et al., 1978, and health control behavior was used by tools developed by Wallston et al., in 1988. Health control behaviors consist of three sub-factors: other health control behavior, accidental health control behavior, and internal health control behavior. The data collection period was collected from June 20 to July 5, 2018. A total of 152 participants were enrolled from 65 to 85 years old and were collected from six provinces of Korea (Seoul, Gangwon Province, Gyeongsang Province, Jeolla Province, Chungcheong Province, Gyeonggi Province) as much as possible. As a result of the analysis of demographic characteristics, the number of elderly people couple living was 47.4%, living alone was 21.1%, the number of people living with a couple and their children was 13.8%, the others were 10.5%. Based on the above results, 21.1% were living alone as an elderly person. And people who the highest monthly income of less than 1 million won was 36.8%, the usual meal type, 94.7% were very much eaten with vegetarianism smoking and drinking alcohol, and 94.7% did not smoke and 73.7% drank alcohol. In conclusion, Multiple regression analysis of health control behaviors on emotional happiness showed that health control behaviors had a 15% effect on emotional happiness. The following suggestions were made through the results of this study. First, the monthly income of the elderly is very low to maintain health, Second, the health of elderly people was maintained through friends and meetings. Based on these results, it should be used as a basic data for the program for the emotional happiness of the elderly.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to suggest how the first birthday rite, a practice in Korean culture, has changed over the time. A survey of 250 mothers was undertaken from October 11th to November 6th, 2012. The research questions asked in this study are as follows. What general and expert views are held about the first birthday rite? What type of awareness and knowledge do mothers have about the first birthday rite? Is there any correlation between mothers' awareness and knowledge about first birthday rite? What is the importance of the components of the baby's first birthday rite and the importance of choosing first birthday rite goods? The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Frequency, F-test, correlation were also employed. The results of this study are as follows: The first birthday rite shows a clear link to socializing. It is a family event, but is also seen as an opportunity to enhance relationships with relatives, colleagues, and friends. A banquet hall is chosen as preferred first birthday rite location, and participants are served a meal and receive gifts. The banquet information on first birthday rites was initially collected from the internet, blog cafes, and an experienced. However, it has become gradually more common to hire a consultant to organize the first birthday rite. Awareness of the first birthday rite is high, but knowledge is relatively low. In addition, there is a positive relationship between awareness and knowledge about the first birthday rite. When mothers are preparing for their baby's first birthday, they consider food for the guests' banquet, space and time. Finally, individual positive relationships were found between choosing first birthday rite goods and employee services, contract pricing for goods, and food for guests.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1990

자가 소화액 및 정어리 기질 코오지를 마쇄 정어리 육에 첨가한 후 $40^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 발효시킨 정어리액젓은 관능적 기호성이 멸치액젓과 유사하였으며, 그 화학적 성분 조성은 총질소 $1.98\%$, 아미노태질소 $1.08\%$, 유리아미노산 $5,296.8\%$, 핵산관련물질 $131.3mg\%$, 염도는 $13.0\%$의 수준이었다. 또한 주요 아미노산으로는 glutamic acid, Lysine, aspartic acid, leucine, valine등의 함량이 높았고, IMP의 함량은 $20.8mg\%$ 수준이었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2014

We compared the utilization efficiency of free lysine (FL) and dipeptide lysine-glycine (LG) in terms of growth performance and whole-body amino acid composition in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. A basal experimental diet was formulated to contain 0.5% (basal) lysine from fish meal, and four other diets were prepared by supplementing 0.5% or 1.0% of either FL or LG. The experiment was performed in triplicate, and 20 randomly selected fish averaging $5.41{\pm}0.16g$ were fed one of the test diets at the rate of 3% BW/day twice daily for 6 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the basal diet showed significantly less weight gain than did the other groups. The results of a two-way ANOVA showed that both lysine level (P = 0.001) and type (P = 0.034) influenced growth rate; however, we found no significant interaction between lysine level and form (P > 0.05). Our results revealed a significant improvement in protein efficiency ratio (PER) with each increment of dietary lysine, and the groups fed LG-supplemented diets showed higher PER than did those offered FL. Hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were significantly influenced by lysine level and form, and higher values were recorded in fish fed diets containing LG. Significantly higher whole-body arginine levels were found in LG-fed groups, and a significant interaction was observed between lysine level and form (P = 0.009). Whole-body valine and aspartic acid contents were affected by lysine level, and alanine concentration was influenced by both lysine level and form. Our findings indicate that juvenile olive flounder can utilize LG more efficiently than FL for protein synthesis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.668-683
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• 1992

To evaluate the current practices of the tube feeding and the status of tube feeding patient 76 adult in-patients at 6 hospitals located in Seoul and Chung-buk province were examined through reviewing patient charts observing patients and interviewing patients nurses dietitians patients' family or care-givers. The results were as follows : 1) An average age of the patients was 54.5 years with 41% over 60 years old. Patients with decreased mental status dysphagia esophageal obstruction and respiratory problem were fed by tubes. 2) The range of duration of tube feeding is between 4 days and 6 years. Most patients were received formula through nasogastric tube(89.5%) while 7.9% of gastrostomy and 2.6% of jejunostomy. Administration method for formula were bolus feeding regardless of the route of formula delivery. 3) Mean total calories received for men were 1590 kcal and 1450 kcal for female. Mean volume per meal was 282m, l and mean frequency of feeding was 5.68 while mean feeding interval 3$\frac{1}{4}$ hours and mean rate of infusion 68.4ml/min. All patients received hospital-blenderi-zed formula as the major source of nutrition. Home-blenderized formula and commercial formula as a supplement were used 35%, 13.2% respectively. 4) Thirty-eight percent of patients was hypoalbuminemia and 61% was at the moderate level of deficiency in hemoglobin. 5) Complications associated with tube feeding were diarrhea (22.4%) constipation(21.1%) vomiting(11.8%) and so on. 6) Serum albumin levels of patients who have complications associated with tube feeding were significantly lower than those of patients without complications In planning a tube feeding regimen the type of a formula must be integrated with both a delivery system and a protocol for administering the tube feeding. the multidisciplinary effort required to deliver enteral therapy is essential to improve current practices used at hospitals.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.556-564
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the school dietitian's cognition, practical use of environment-friendly agricultural products to provide fundamental information for the qualitative improvement in the school food service. The results of the study are as follows: 1. It was clearly recognized that the subsidy for the school food service is generally insufficient, the amount of additional appropriate subsidy for the school food service was different according to type of school and roughly 300~600 won in each of foods needs to be supported. 2. The environment-friendly agricultural products that were often used in the school food service were vegetables and grains. 3. In the analysis of cognition and problems toward using environment-friendly agricultural products, the dietitians recognized that environment-friendly agricultural products should be appropriately used. A reason that environment-friendly agricultural products were better than general agricultural products was composed of a use of less additive, good ingredient, and good outer condition. 4. In the analysis of countermeasure on increasing environment-friendly agricultural products in the school meal service, the response to that more additional subsidy was necessary for the school food service. The highest and the most positive effects after using environment-friendly agricultural products were students' health improvement and improvement in parents' satisfaction with the school food service.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.37-56
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• 2015

This thesis aimed to determine the effecting factors(eating pattern, working condition, stress, health care) that help maintain the health of the cosmetologists' digestive system and the diseases involved (acid reflux, indigestion, gastritis, constipation & diarrhea). The research methods included survey and statistical analysis. The survey was conducted on 242 cosmetologists from August 30 to October 30 2014. The data analysis included frequency, cross table, ${\chi}^2$-test, and regression with SPSS(V. 14). The results were as follows ; (1) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and eating pattern are related. Regular and enough meal times cause less digestive disease. Acid reflux, indigestion, gastritis, constipation and diarrhea are differently related with the type of usual eating pattern, especially, instant food is not good for digestive health. (2) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and working condition are related. Longer daily working hours and exposure time to chemical odors are more likely to be associated with digestive diseases; whereas, longer time of standing and talking with colleagues are less likely to be associated with digestive diseases. (3) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and stress are related. Headache, boredom, conflict of pay and compensation, and insomnia are not good for digestive health. (4) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and health care are related. Periodical medical examination and usual body stretching are correlated with digestive diseases; whereas, people who do regular exercise and bowel movement are less likely to have digestive diseases.