• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.651-662
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• 1996

여러 종류의 단백질 원료를 혼합하여 성장이 좋고, 가격이 싼 경제적인 조피볼락용 배합사료를 개발하기 위해 실험사료의 효과를 사육실험과 사료 및 어체의 성분 분석을 통해 조사하였다. 북양어분 사료를 대조구 (사료 1)로 하고 사료 원료의 아미노산 조성을 고려하면서 대두박, 콘글루텐 밀, 육분, 혈분, 우모분, 소맥분을 서로 다른 비율로 첨가한 9종류의 실험사료를 설계하여 제조하였다. 사료 2에서 5까지는 조피볼락 전어체의 아미노산 조성, 타 어종을 대상으로 연구된 아미노산 요구량 등을 참고로 아미노산 균형을 고려하여 설계하였다. 사료 6은 복합 효소제의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 사료 5의 조성에서 복합 효소제를 첨가하지 않았고, 사료 7은 합성 아미노산 첨가 효과를 검토하기 위해 사료 5의 조성에서 아미노산을 첨가하지 않았다. 그리고 사료 8과 9는 열처리한 대두박과 옥수수를 첨가하여 그 효과를 비교하였다. 114g 전후의 조피볼락을 사료당 2반복으로 15주간 사육실험한 결과, 증체율과 사료효율에 서 사료 $2\~7$구가 대조구와 유의차없이 (P>0.05) 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 사료 5의 조성에서 합성 아미노산이나 복합효소제를 첨가하지 않아도 성장차이는 없었다. 어체 1kg 생산하는데 소요되는 사료단가를 계산하여 본 결과, 대조사료는 853원이었고, 사료 2와 7이 $732\~746$원으로 낮았으며, 사료 8과 9가 $875\~905$원으로 높았다. 위의 결과로부터 어체크기가 100g 이상일 경우의 사료에 대두박, 콘글루텐 밀, 육분, 혈분, 우모분, 소맥분을 적절히 첨가하면 북양어분을 $50\%$ 정도까지 대체 가능할 것으로 판단되어 육성용 사료의 단가를 낮출 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.59-72
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• 1989

This study is carried out to investigate the actual meal pattern of liberal high school students, who usually spend most of their time outside their homes preparing for the college entrance examination. The result of which tells the urgent need of extension and improvement in the school provision system. We select a total of 611 liberal high students in the city of Incheon, both males and females, of the first, second, and the third graders. The results are as follows; Only 39.6% of the students have breakfast and 14.7% of the students answer they always skip over breakfast. At lunch time, most of, i.e. 89.9% of the students have lunch and 80.4% of them usually carry lunch with themselves. Seniors show a tendency to have lunch quite earlier than the school-stated time, which signifies that many of seniors should bring more than one lunch to school in order not to lack enough calories. 45.8% of the students among those who do not dispense with supper take supper in the form of lunch. Many other students substitute Ra-myon for rice meal at supper time. As we can induce, the students need between-meal refreshments. 48.8% answer they have a snack more often than not, and 40.2% of them say they need a snack because of hunger. 82.1% of the students usually stay at school almost for 12 hours a day, and they mostly depend on lunch for their two meals. But lunch cannot provide balanced nutrition for them because of its restricted choice of nutrutional elements. The data above make it sure that the extension of the school provision system is really demanded. 86.6% of the students answer they feel the urgency of its operation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2011

The effect of replacement of fish meal (FM) in diets with sand smelt meal (SSM) on fatty acid composition of carp fry, Cyprinus carpio, was examined. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic (38% crude protein, $15.75\;kJ\;g^{-1}$) diets replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% FM protein by SSM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in aquaria, and each aquarium was stocked with 20 fish (initial average weight of $0.300{\pm}0.65\;g\;fish^{-1}$). Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 13 weeks. Results indicated that final weight, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio of fish fed with different SSM replacement diets did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from fish fed the control diet, except for 100% SSM level. No significant differences were noted among experimental treatments on dry matter, protein, lipid and ash contents of the fish body composition (p>0.05). Fatty acid analysis showed that saturated fatty acids in fish muscle significantly decreased, but monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) did not change with increasing dietary SSM. However, some changes also could be observed for some particular fatty acids in experimental fish. For example, the amounts of 15:0, 17:0, 18:1n-7, 18:2n-6 and 22:5n-3 significantly increased, but 16:0, 18:1n-9, 18:3n-3 and 20:1 n-9 significantly decreased with increasing dietary SSM. Total n-6 PUFA increased with increasing dietary SSM, but total n-3 PUFA were not changed in muscle of fish fed the experimental diets. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 was not affected significantly in muscle of fish fed the experimental diets containing different proportions of SSM, including the control diet.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.29.1-29.8
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the use of tuna by-product meal (TBM) as a substitute for fishmeal in juvenile Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) diets. Five isonitrogenous (52% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.9 kcal/g) diets were prepared. Control diet (Con) was formulated to contain brown fishmeal, whereas 25, 50, 75, and 100% of fishmeal was substituted with the same percentage of TBM in the TBM25, TBM50, TBM75, and TBM100 diets, respectively. Three replicate groups of fish (initial weight, $29.5{\pm}0.6g$) were fed one of the five diets for 12 weeks. The mean weight gain of fish fed the Con and TBM25 diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the TBM100 diet (P < 0.05), but it was not significantly different from the weight gain of fish fed the TBM50 and TBM75 diets. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed the Con diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed the TBM100 diet (P < 0.05), but were not significantly different from those fed the TBM25, TBM50, and TBM75 diets. The TBM25, TBM50, TBM75, and TBM100 diets had significantly (P < 0.05) lower incidence cost and higher profit index than the Con diet. These results suggest that the tuna by-product meal used in this study could replace up to 75% of fishmeal protein in the diet without reducing growth and feed utilization in juvenile Korean rockfish weighing 29-53 g. By considering feed cost, the TBM 75 diet is recommendable for Korean rockfish farming.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.497-505
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• 1996

분급휠속도(CWS, sut-off wheel speed) 9,000 rpm에서 초미세분쇄한 탈지대두박 분말을 공기분급휠속도 (ACWS, air classifying wheel speed) 21,000 rpm에서 9,000 rpm까지 3,000 rpm 간격으로 단계적으로 공기분급한 결과 ACWS가 감소함에　따라 단백질과 회분은 증가하는 반면 탄수화물, 지방 및 식이섬유는 감소하였다. 아미노산 조성과 함량은 원료 대두와 비슷하였고, 주요 아미노산은 aspartic acid와 glutamic acid였다. 수율은 ACWS의 감소에 따라 증가하였고, 입자의 경우 $4.9{\mu}m$에서 $14.2{\mu}m$의 범위로 ACWS의 감소에 따라 증가 경향이있었으며, 모서리가 있는 타원형의 형태를 보였다. 보수력, 보유력 및 유화력은 낮은 ACWS에서 더 낮은 값이었고, 탈지대두박을 이용한 커어드는 사용한 응고제와 전지대두분의 대체 비율에 따라 다른 특성을 나타내었다. 또 초미세분쇄한 탈지대두박 분말을 케익에 첨가하였을 때 콩 특유의 비린냄새가 강하게 나타나지 않았으며, 10%까지는 대체 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.832-838
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• 2008

수산가공공장폐액의 주성분은 수용성단백질이며 일부 지방이 함유되어 있는 특성이 있으므로 그 수용성 단백질을 등전점 침전처리에 의해 침전회수하여 어분 대체 사료로서의 이용을 시도하였다. 1차 이스라엘잉어 사육 실험에서는 지방 산화가 진행된 고등어가공공장폐액으로 제조 된 고등어가공공장폐액 회수단백질 어분의 첨가량이 증가할수록 사료효율이 떨어지는 결과를 보였으나, 이 산화된 고등어가공폐액 회수단백질의 산화된 지방성분을 제거한 후 다시 2차 이스라엘 잉어 사육 실험을 한 결과에서는 고등어가공폐액 회수단백질의 첨가량이 증가할수록 사료효율이 좋음을 확인하였다. 따라서, 지금까지 버려지는 고등어가공공장폐액 중 수용성단백질을 등전점이동 응집처리법으로 회수하여 어분 대체 단백질원으로 활용할 수 있음을 실제 field에서의 이스라엘 잉어 사육 실험으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권2_spc호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2022

This paper is a review of some experiments using black soldier fly (BSF) and its by-product to explore their nutritional value, production potential in Indonesia and its application in the ration of ruminants. Evaluation on the effect of milk replacer, creep feed containing BSF, BSF frass and the possibility to use lactic acid bacteria from BSF as probiotics are presented. Utilization of BSF larvae in milk replacer as skim and cream milk substitute showed that there were similarity on physiological, hematological status and performance of goat kids compared to those offered goat milk or commercial milk replacer. In addition, BSF larvae can be used to substitute soybean meal in the creep feed for post weaning goat kids without any differences in weight gain and blood profiles. However, utilization of BSF frass in the fattening goat ration resulted lower digestibility of dry matter and organic matter due to the chitin content in the frass. Black soldier fly larvae grown on chicken manure harbour lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have potential as probiotics for ruminants. In general, BSF larvae has potential as ingredient for milk replacer, creep feed, fattening ration, and source of LAB for probiotics.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2000

참전복 치패용 배합사료 원료로서 모자반의 이용성을 조사하기 위하여 대조사료의 어분, 대두박 및 소맥분을 모자반으로 각각 10%씩 대체한 배합사료를 제조하여 평균체중 428 mg의 참전복을 대상으로 사료당 4반복으로 130일간 사육실험하였다. 생존율은 89~95%로 모든 실험구간에서 양호한 결과를 보였다. 증중량은 소맥분을 모자반으로 대체한 실험구가 대조구와 대두박을 모자반 대체한 실험구보다 유의하게 높았으며 (P<0.05), 어분을 모자반으로 대체한 실험구는 타실험구와 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 가식부의 수분, 회분과 지질 함량은 실험구간에 서로 유의차가 없었으며 (p>0.05), 단백질 함량은 대조구에서 가장 높은 값을 보였으나 어분을 모자반으로 대체한 실험구와는 유의차가 없었다 (P>0.05). 위와 같이 참전복 배합사료에 어분이나 소맥분을 각각 모자반으로 10% 정도 대체할 수 있어 참전복 배합사료의 단백질원에 대한 단가를 절감시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.141-144
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• 2020

BW를 이용하여 느타리를 재배함에 있어 면실박을 대체할 수 있는 재료를 찾기 위해 시험이 진행되었다. 일반성분 분석에서 BW가 면실박에 비해 단백질 함량은 다소 떨어졌으나 자실체의 생육특성에서 BW 혼합 시 대조구와 수량 등의 생육특성이 유사함을 확인할 수 있었고, 자실체의 구성아미노산 조성 확인결과 처리구 간 아미노산의 함량은 큰 차이를 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 BW가 느타리 배지제작에 있어 면실박을 대체하여 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1348-1353
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• 2010

A grower broiler experiment (from 14 to 35 days of age) was conducted to study the effect of using two commercial mixtures of organic acids (Galliacid$^{(R)}$ and Biacid$^{(R)}$) to substitute antibiotic growth promoter (Eneramycin$^{(R)}$) on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal microflora. 400 (Ross 308) broiler chicks were used. A basal corn-soybean meal diet were formulated and served as a control treatment. The control diet was supplemented with either 0.06% Galliacid, 0.1% Biacid or 0.02% Eneramycin. Birds fed the Galliacid-supplemented diet had 16% (p<0.001) more gain than the control, while those fed the Biacid- or Enramycinsupplemented diets recorded 3 and 5.5% more gain, respectively. Organic acids mixtures and Enramycin supplementation significantly (p<0.001) improved feed conversion ratio. These results indicated that birds fed either organic acid mixtures or Enramycinsupplemented diets utilized feed more efficiently than those fed the control diet. Galliacid significantly (p<0.01) increased dressing percentage and bursa weight (% body weight). No significant differences were detected on liver, spleen and thymus (% body weight) among treatments. Galliacid or Biacid significantly (p<0.001) decreased intestinal Escherichia coli and Salmonella compared to the control and Enramycin-supplemented diets. Dietary Enramycin significantly (p<0.001) decreased Escherichia coli, but had no effect on Salmonella counts. In conclusion, organic acid mixtures are more efficient than antibiotic growth promoter (Enramycin) in improving broiler performance and decreasing intestinal Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., and could be successfully used to substitute antibiotic growth promoters in broiler diets. However, not all of the organic acid mixtures gave the same effect either on performance or intestinal bacterial counts.