• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.739-749
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of very low calorie diet (VLCD) using newly meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients on weight reduction and health in the obese adult women ($BMI{\geq}25\;kg/^2$) for four weeks. Seventy five women participated in this experiment. Subjects were randomly classified three groups: 1) General Diet group (GD group, n=25) consumed 3 regular meals within 600 kcal/day, 2) Meal replacements group (MR group, n=25) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day, 3) Herbal Meal replacements group (HMR group, n=25) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical measurements and body symptoms were assessed before (the initial) and after (the 4th week) the study. Anthropometry measurements such as weight, waist and hip circumference, and BMI and body composition such as body fat percent, fat mass significantly decreased in all groups after diet intervention. Anthropometric measurements and body composition of the ]lim group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Serum Total cholesterol was significantly decreased in all groups. However, there was no significant difference among three groups during the experimental period. HMR group had significantly less felt a pain than GD and MR groups in body symptoms such as anemia, powerlessness, vomiting, constipation and dryness of skin during the experimental period. Therefore, very low calorie diet (VLCD) using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients was very effective on weight reduction and health in the obese adult women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.639-649
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effects of very low calorie diet (VLCD) using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients on psychological factors and quality of life in the obese women $(BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2)$ for four weeks. Seventy five women $(20{\leq}age<26)$ participated in this experiment. Subjects were randomly classified three groups: 1) General diet group (GD roup, n=27) consumed 3 regular meals within 600 kcal/day 2) Meal replacements group (MR group, n=27) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day 3) Herbal Meal replacements group (HMR group, n=27) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day. Physical factors (weight, BMI, fat (%)) of the HMR group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Moreover, binge eating habit and environmental factors (surrounding support, emotional reaction, expression of opinion) of the HMR group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Psychological factor and quality of life were no significant differences among three groups during the experimental period, because both were significantly decreased in all groups after 4 weeks. Therefore, very low calorie diet using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients for 4 weeks was effective on improvement of psychological factor and quality of life as well as weight reduction in the obese premenopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of very low calorie diet (VLCD) using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts that are consisted of mainly Samul-tang ingredients on weight reduction and health promotion in the obese women (BMI$\geq$25 kg/$m^2$) for four weeks. Fifty six premenopausal women participated in this experiment. Each subject was either classified as part of the control group (C group, n=28) that consumed 3 regular meals a day or the meal replacement group (MR group, n=28) that consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, health related factors, and psychological factors were assessed before (the initial) and after (the 4$^{th}$ week) the study. Obesity was significantly decreased after the diet intervention. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, waist and hip circumference, and BMI and body composition such as body fat, and fat mass were significantly decreased in all groups after the diet intervention. Anthropometric measurements and body composition of the MR group were significantly decreased more than those of the C group. Serum total cholesterol was significantly decreased in the MR groups but not in the C group and serum triglyceride concentration was significantly decreased in all groups after the diet intervention. All the biochemical measurements were within normal ranges after the diet intervention. Psychological factors such as stress and depression were significantly decreased in two groups after the diet intervention. Therefore, VLCD using meal replacements is very effective for weight reduction in the obese premenopausal women.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2004

Background: The VLCD that supplies only 400-800kcal meal per day has a lot of problems and can severely harm the health. Certain herbs are known to the side-effects such as weakness, skin dehydration, and dizziness. If VLCD with meal-replacement containing these hearbs can effectively minimize the side-effects, it make weight management easier and reduce any possible danger the health. Objectives: This prospective, double-blinded study is intended to compare the severity of symptoms induced by VLCD and weight loss between the case group supplied with meal-replacement herbal extracts(n=29) and controlled group supplied with meal-replacement not containing herbal extracts(n=29). This was with 52 volunteers for 4 weeks. The measurements of this experiment were as follows: symptoms caused by patients' subjective judgments, the result of blood test illustratingerol level, total protein etc., and changes in overall weight, fat mass and lean body mass. Result: we concluded that there are no significant differences in weight change between case group and controlled group, and that the total protein at the end of trial was significantly higher in case group than in controlled group, and triglyceride level at the end of trial was lower in case group than in controlled group. As expected, the side-effects such as hair loss and dehydration in skin are also lessin case group than in controlled group.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.3 s.99
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• pp.388-400
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of consumers who purchase home meal replacements (HMR) and to analyze the differences for frequency of use, preference, satisfaction, and repurchase intention based on HMR product categories. The subjects were adults in their twenties or older, who had used HMRs and lived in Seoul and the Gyeonggi Province of Korea. Five-hundred and fifty subjects were chosen by random sampling, and questionnaires were distributed from March 12 to 30, 2005. A total of 451 questionnaires were returned (the rate of return was 82%). The primary results of the study are as follows. First, by analyzing for differences based on the demographical characteristics of the HMR consumers, men had higher 'frequencies of use' and preference, whereas women had higher satisfaction and 'intentions to purchase again.' This implies that HMRs assist women who are usually in charge of home food preparation, based on time and cooking effort; hence a higher satisfaction among the women. Second, by analyzing for differences based on the characteristics of HMR consumers who ate the products, 'frequency of use' (p<.001), preference (p<.01), satisfaction (p<.001), and 'intention to repurchase' (p<.001) for the 'ready to eat' HMR category, by the person who prepared the food, were significantly higher for those subjects in their 20s than for those in other age groups. As for persons influenced by the meal, the teen age group had significantly lower 'frequency of use'(p<.001), preference (p<.05), satisfaction (p<.01) and 'intention to repurchase' (p<.01) than other age groups. 'Frequency of use' (p<.001) and preference (p<.05) were lower if the person influenced by the meal was one's spouse or child than if the person influenced by the meal was oneself. Third, regarding the preference for eating at home or eating out, 'frequency of use' was significantly higher than the other analyzed factors for the 'ready to eat,' 'ready to heat,' and 'ready to end-cook' HMR categories. In short, the 'frequency of use' for HMRs was higher for those who preferred to eat at home versus eating out, simply as a result of being bored with eating out, which is essentially the reason for the origin of HMR.