• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권5호통권66호
• /
• pp.499-507
• /
• 2003

합성 구조체에서 강 콘크리트 경계면은 하중이 증가함에 따라 합성작용 저하, 미세균열, 슬립 및 분리등으로 나타내어 부분합성에 적합한 해석기법이 필요하다. 그러나 경계면을 고려하는 해식방법과 경계면 비선형 해석 모델 구성의 어려움으로 지금까지 합성 구조체에 대한 해석적 연구는 경계면 거동을 완전합성, 또는 선형-탄생으로 가정하여 정확한 거동 규명이 어려웠다. 따라서 합성 구조체의 설계는 대부분 실험적 방법에 의존하였지만 이것은 사용환경에 따라 매번 실험을 수행해야 하는 비효율성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 합성작용의 변화에 따른 다양한 강-콘크리트 경계면의 비선형 해석 모델을 바탕으로 하여 최대 접선응력과 슬립-연화 현상에 따르는 보다 정밀한 구조성능과 거동 특성을 규명하였다. 연구결과 경계면에 대한 비선형 모델은 최대하중 등과 같은 행복 이후의 거동을 보다 정확하게 나타내며, 이때 인터페이스의 초기 접선강성은 부재의 항복하중에, 최대 접선응력과 슬립-연화 합성 구조체의 최대하중과 같은 항복이후 거동에 주로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 협성 구조체의 구조성능은 강-콘크리트 경계면의 합성작용, 즉 인터페이스 요소의 초기 접선강성, 최대 접선응력과 슬립-연화현상에 크게 의존적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.167-171
• /
• 2007

유방암 환자의 유방보존절제술 후 방사선치료를 시행하는 경우에서 비껴방향치료방법과 세기조절방사선치료를 시행한 두 경우에 피부에 조사되는 표피 흡수선량을 비교, 분석하여 유방암 환자에서 세기조절방사선치료시 피부선량의 특성을 살펴보았다. 비껴방향치료방법과 세기조절방사선치료에 대한 두 가지 방법으로 치료계획을 시행하여 유방 피부에 조사되는 계산선량과 TLD로 측정한 측정선량을 비교하였다. 선량측정은 유두가 있는 지점을 지나도록 몸의 중심에서 가장자리 방향으로 1 cm 간격으로 피부 흡수선량을 측정하였다. 비껴방향방사선치료에서 PTV에 180 cGy 방사선량을 계획할 때, 유방 표피에서 계산선량은 103.6 cGy에서 155.2 cGy 사이를 나타내었고, 측정선량은 107.5 cGy에서 156.2 cGy 사이를 나타내었으며, 중심부위의 피부선량이 가장자리 피부선량보다 최대 1.45배 많이 조사되었다. 세기조절방사선치료에서는 PTV에 180 cGy 방사선량을 계획할 때, 유방 표피에서 계산선량은 9.8 cGy에서 80.2 cGy사이를 나타내었고, 측정선량은 8.9 cGy에서 77.2 cGy사이를 나타내었으며, 중심부위의 피부선량이 가장자리 피부선량보다 최대 0.23배 적게 조사되었다. 비껴방향방사선치료에서 보다 세기조절방사선치료에서 피부에 조사되는 방사선량이 평균적으로 3.5배 적어서 방사선 치료에 의한 피부 위해를 줄일 수 있다.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 1992

A velocity inhomogeneity, which is the regional preponderence of either radial or tangential orbits, is searched with the new technique proposed by Kim (1992) for Coma, Hydra I, and Abell 2256 cluster of galaxies. Conspicuous inhomogeneities are found in the Coma and A2256 which X-ray isophotes are indicative for their underlying potentials being ellipitcal in shape, Even in their central regions, zones that are dominated by radial orbits are clearly distinguishable from that of the tangential orbits, and defining the cluster 'equator' as the direction of maximum elongation of the X-ray isophotes, radial orbits dominate along this direction whereas tangential orbits dominate the 'polar' zones. Merger events that are evidenced in X-ray observations occur in the equatorial zones of Coma and A2256, suggesting preponderence of radial orbits in the zones, which is in good agreement with their velocity structures. On the other hand, the inhomogeneity in Hydra I turns out to be insignificant in the central regions and this is just what is expected from a cluster whose X-ray isophotes is nearly circular. The velocity distribution in regions further out, however, shows significant inhomogeneity and this seems to support the previous results that this cluster is likely to have substructures and velocity anisotropy.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제31권10C호
• /
• pp.927-932
• /
• 2006

본 논문은 고밀도 광 기록 저장장치에서 오류의 주 원인이 되는 tangential tilt의 문제를 해결하기 위한 개선된 부분응답최대유사도 신호 검출 방법을 제안한다. 틸트의 변화에 따라 등화기 계수와 비터비 디코더의 가지 기준값을 적응적으로 갱신하여 채널의 변화에 잘 적응하도록 하였다. 채널의 변화를 감지하는 요소로 주기적으로 반복되는 데이터의 동기패턴을 이용하여 누적 평균을 취한 후 변화량에 해당되는 등화기 계수값과 비터비 디코더의 가지 기준값을 동시에 갱신한다. 제안된 방법을 적용한 결과 기존의 PRML 검출기에 비해 비트 오류율 10-6에서 최대 4dB이상 성능이 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.42-52
• /
• 1997

This paper deals with wear characteristics of ion-nitrided metal theoretically and experimentally in order to analysis of wear phenomena. Wear tests show that compound layer of ion-nitrided metal reduces wear rate when the applied wear load is mall. However, as th load becomes large, the existence of compound layer tends to increase wear rate. The residual stress at the surface of ion-nitrided metal is measured, and the internal stress distribution is calculated when the normal and tangential forces are applied to the surface of metal. Compressive residual stress is largeest at the compound layer, and decreases as the depth from the surface increases. Calculation shows that the maximum stress exists at a certain depth from the surface when normal and tangential force are applied, and that the larger the wear load is the deeper the location of maximum stress becomes. In the analysis, it is found that under small applied wear load the critical depth, where voids and cracks may be created and propagated, is located at the compound layer, as the adhesive wear, where hardness is an important factor, is created the existence of compound layer reduces the amount of wear. When the load becomes large the critical depth is located below the compound layer, and delamination, which may be explained by surface deformation, crack nucleation and propagation, is created, and the existence of compound layer increases wear rate.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.599-608
• /
• 2002

Finite element analysis for the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the skin/stiffener structure with inclined central crack repaired by composite stiffened panels is developed. A numerical investigation was conducted to characterize the fracture behavior and crack growth behavior at the inclined crack. In order to investigate the crack growth direction, maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion are used. Also, this paper is to study the performance of the effective bonded composite patch repair of a plate containing an inclined central through-crack. The main objective of this research is the validation of the inclined crack patching design. In this paper, the reduction of stress intensity factors at the crack-tip and prediction of crack growth direction are determined to evaluate the effects of various non-dimensional design parameter including; composite patch thickness and stiffener distance. We report the results of finite element analysis on the stiffener locations and crack slant angles and discuss them in this paper. The research on cracked structure subjected to mixed mode loading is accomplished and concludes that more work using a different approaches is necessary. The authors hope the present study will aid those who are responsible for the repair of damaged aircraft structures and also provide general repair guidelines.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제27권10호
• /
• pp.1695-1702
• /
• 2003

Fatigue crack initiation around a hole subjected to biaxial fatigue loads with a phase difference was investigated. Axial and torsional biaxial fatigue loads with different phase differences and biaxiality of 1/√3 were applied to thin-walled tubular specimens. Five phase differences of 0, 45, 90, 145 and 180 degrees were selected. Directions of the fatigue crack initiation around the hole were found to approach to the circumferential direction of the specimen with increment of the phase difference for fatigue tests with phase differences less than 90$^{\circ}$. Whereas directions for tests with phase differences greater than 90$^{\circ}$ got away from the circumferential direction and those were symmetric to the directions for tests with phase difference less than 90. . Furthermore, it was shown that the fatigue initiation life decreased with increment of phase difference for fatigue tests with phase differences less than 90$^{\circ}$, but it increased for tests with phase difference greater than 90$^{\circ}$. The crack initiation direction can be successfully explained by using the direction of the maximum tangential stress range obtained around the hole and at far-field.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제61권3호
• /
• pp.371-379
• /
• 2017

Modelling of a crack propagating through a finite element mesh under mixed mode conditions is of prime importance in fracture mechanics. In this paper, two crack growth criteria and the respective crack paths prediction in functionally graded materials (FGM) are compared. The maximum tangential stress criterion (${\sigma}_{\theta}-criterion$) and the minimum strain energy density criterion (S-criterion) are investigated using advanced finite element technique. Using Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL), the variation continues in the material properties are incorporated into the model by specifying the material parameters at the centroid of each finite element. In this paper, the displacement extrapolation technique (DET) proposed for homogeneous materials is modified and investigated, to obtain the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at crack-tip in FGMs. Several examples are modeled to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of the combined procedure. The effect of the defects on the crack propagation in FGMs was highlighted.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.1229-1236
• /
• 2004

The specimen materials used in this research are isotropic epoxy resins. The static photoelastic experiment was applied to them. And then the specimens used in photoelastic experiment were fractured under static load. The static photoelastic experimental hybrid method was introduced and its validity had been assured. Crack propagation criterion used the stress components, which are considered the higher order terms, obtained from the static photoelastic experimental hybrid method was introduced and it was applied to the minimum strain energy density criterion, the maximum tangential stress criterion and mode mixity. Comparing the actual initial angle of crack propagation with the theoretical initial angle of crack propagation obtained from the above failure criterions, the validities of the above two criterions are assured and the optimal distance (r) from the crack-tip is 0.01mm in order to get the initial angle of crack propagation of isotropic epoxy resin.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.1216-1221
• /
• 2003

The specimen materials used in this research is bimaterial. The static photoelastic experiment was applied to them. And then the specimens used in photoelastic experiment were fractured under static load. The static photoelastic hybrid method was introduced and it's validity had been assured. The static photoelastic hybrid method was applied to the Minimum Strain Energy Density Criterion, the Maximum Tangential Stress Criterion and Mode Mixity. Crack propagation criterion by the static photoelastic hybrid method was introduced and it was applied to the above various failure theories. Comparing the experimental initial angle of crack propagation with the theoretical initial angle of crack propagation from the various failure criterions. And then the optimal crack propagation criterion was suggested and it's validity was assured.