• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2021

Avian coccidiosis has a major economic impact on the poultry industry, it is caused by 7 species of Eimeria, and has been primarily controlled using chemotherapeutic agents. Due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains, alternative control strategies are needed. We assessed anticoccidial effects of berberine-based diets in broiler chickens following oral infection with 5 Eimeria species (E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, E. mitis, and E. praecox). When 0.2% berberine, a concentration that does not affect weight gain, was added to the diet, the 4 groups infected with E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. mitis, or E. praecox showed significant reductions in fecal oocyst shedding (P<0.05) compared to their respective infected and untreated controls. In chickens treated 0.5% berberine instead of 0.2% and infected with E. maxima, fecal oocyst production was significantly reduced, but body weight deceased, indicating that berberine treatment was not useful for E. maxima infection. Taken together, these results illustrate the applicability of berberine for prophylactic use to control most Eimeria infections except E. maxima. Further studies on the mechanisms underlying the differences in anticoccidial susceptibility to berberine, particularly E. maxima, are remained.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2022

Enzyme-assisted hydrolysis is frequently used as a cost-effective and efficient method to obtain functional ingredients from bioresources. This study involved the enzyme-assisted hydrolyzation and purification of fucoidan from Ecklonia maxima stipe and the investigation of its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Fucoidans of Viscozyme-assisted hydrolysate from E. maxima (EMSFs) harvested in Jeju, Korea. Structural and chemical characterizations were performed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and monosaccharide analysis. Among fucoidans, EMSF6 was rich in fucose and sulfate and had a similar structural character to commercial fucoidan. EMSF6 showed a strong inhibitory effect on nitric oxide generation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and significantly decreased the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α. The anti-inflammatory potential of EMSF6 was mediated through the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Thus, fucoidans from E. maxima stipe are promising candidates for functional food products.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.179-191
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• 2006

Parent wind data are often acknowledged to fit a Weibull probability distribution, implying that wind epoch maxima should fall into the domain of attraction of the Gumbel (Type I) extreme value distribution. However, observations of wind epoch maxima are not fitted well by this distribution and a Generalised Extreme Value (GEV) analysis leading to a Type III fit empirically appears to be better. Thus there is an apparent paradox. The reasons why advocates of the GEV approach seem to prefer it are briefly summarised. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the errors involved when the GEV is fitted to epoch maxima of Weibull origin. It is shown that the results in terms of the shape parameter are an artefact of these errors. The errors are unavoidable with the present sample sizes. If proper significance tests are applied, then the null hypothesis of a Type I fit, as predicted by theory, will almost always be retained. The GEV leads to an unacceptable ambiguity in defining design loads. For these reasons, it is concluded that the GEV approach does not seem to be a sensible option.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 1994

Taxonomic accounts are given to the four species of Corallinaceae, Amphiroa beauvoisii lamouroux, Jania yenoshimensis (Yendo) Yendo, Serraticardia maxima (Yendo) Silva and Corallina officinalis linnaeus, collected from Ullungdo Island, Korea. S. maxima (Y endo) Silva is introduced for the first time in Korea in this study. J. yenoshimensis (Yendo) Yendo accords well with the type speciemens but is very similar to J. arborescens in outer appearance. However it is distinguished from that in height and branching pattern. C. officinalis accords well with other plants collected from Europe and Japan except for large number of medullary cell layers.layers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.358-363
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• 2009

Text region detection from the natural scene images used in a variety of applications, many research are needed in this field. Recent research methods is to detect the text region using various algorithm which it is combination of edge based and connected component based. Therefore, this paper proposes an text region detection using edge and regional minima/maxima transformation algorithm from natural scene images, and then detect the connected components of edge and regional minima/maxima, labeling edge and regional minima/maxima connected components. Analysis the labeled regions and then detect a text candidate regions, each of detected text candidates combined and create a single text candidate image, Final text region validated by comparing the similarity and adjacency of individual characters, and then as the final text regions are detected. As the results of experiments, proposed algorithm improved the correctness of text regions detection using combined edge and regional minima/maxima connected components detection methods.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2019

In the present study, the alcoholic and enzymatic extracts of Ecklonia maxima were prepared and their antioxidant activities were evaluated via the free radical scavenging activities. The lyophilized seaweed powder was extracted by 70% ethanol and the resultant extract was obtained, named as the alcoholic extract of E. maxima stem (EMSE) obtained. The residue after EMSE preparation was continuously by Celluclast-assistant extraction and then the obtained enzymatic extract was identified as polysaccharides-rich extract of E. maxima stem (EMSP). The results indicated that the extraction yields of EMSE and EMSP were 2.18% and 5.43%, respectively. In addition, the free radical scavenging activities of EMSE and EMSP were determined using an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. EMSE containing 5.36% of polyphenol and 1.56% of polysaccharide scavenged DPPH and alkyl radicals at the $IC_{50}$ values of 0.48 and 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. EMSP containing 0.33% of polyphenol and 41.58% of polysaccharide showed at the $IC_{50}$ values of 0.33 and 0.55 mg/mL, respectively. These results demonstrate that EMSP containing a high amount of polysaccharides possesses a strong free radical scavenging activity which might be a potential ingredient in pharmacological and cosmeceutical industries.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2006

The chickens fed with the feeds supplemented with green tea(GT) and lactic acid bacteria(LB) were infected orally with 10,000 oocysts per chicken of E. maxima. The groups administered with the feeds supplemented with GT by 0.5% and 2.0% of feed showed the significant levels of decreasing in the number of oocysts shed for 5 days after E. maxima infection. The feeds supplemented with LB by 0.1% and 0.5% of feed were less effective in reducing the number of the fecal oocyst, compared with the groups administered with GT. To evaluate the immunoregulatory effects of the feed additives, the expression patterns of IL-2 and IFN-r in spleen cells were studied by RT-PCR and ELISA. The higher levels of IL-2 transcripts after E. maxima infection were observed in the groups with n, compared with the groups with LB and the mixture of GT and LB. The $IFN-\gamma$ mRNA bands were observed in the all of experimental groups except the uninfected control. The culture supernatants of Con A-stimulated spleen cells($5{\times}10^6cells/ml$) were measured for the concentration of IL-2 and $IFN-\gamma$ by ELISA. The levels of IL-2 and $IFN-\gamma$ on days 3 and 7 after E. maxima infection were significantly augmented in the groups with n. These results indicated that GT-supplemented feeds resulted in higher reduction of oocyst-shedding and more enhanced immune responses in the chicken infected with E. maxima, as compared with LB-supplemented feeds. According to the results, it was implicative that the supplements could be utilized for development of feed additives for anti-coccidiosis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.377-387
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• 1997

Primary fluorescence characteristics of ten standard solutions of organophosphates, sea water, and water from agricultural land were investigated by fluorescence contour. All the standard solutions of organophosphates has shown characteristics countours. Their emission maxima were shown between 296 nm and 437 nm. According to their numbers of emission maxima on the fluorescence contours, the organophosphates can be categorized in two different groups. Ateric and Diazinon are the first group with two emission maxima. DDVP with other seven standard organophosphates belong to the second group. The second group has two subgroups. One is characterized by the similar emission and excitation maxima, which are 310 nm and 280 nm, respectively. Those are DDVP, Hinosan, Kitazin, Locsion, Meta. The other sub-group shows quite different emission and excitation maxima from the first sub-group. They are Monopho, Thaconyl and Gropho and their emisson maxima were in far longer (437 nm) or shorter wavelength (296 nm). From agricutural samples, one of the investigated organophosphates was detetected by its characteristic retention time $(t_r=12min)$. HPIC-fluorescence data gave an additional parameter for differentiation between two organophosphates which has similar excitation and emission maxima.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.109-120
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• 2004

The current paper presents an effective deblocking algorithm for block-based coded images using singularity detection in Mallat wavelet transform. In block-based coded images. The local maxima of the wavelet transform modulus detect all singularities, including blocking artifacts, from multiscale edges. Accordingly, the current study discriminates between blocking artifacts and edges by estimating the Lipschitz regularity of the local maxima and removing the wavelet transform modulus of blocking artifacts. Experimental results showed that the performance of the proposed algorithm was objectively and subjectively superior.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.384-387
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• 2018

Blepharoplasty is one of the most commonly performed aesthetic procedures. Surgical complications are rare, but can have severe consequences, such as permanent vision loss. In this report, we describe a patient who developed primary angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) with associated vision loss after a oculoplastic procedure using local anesthesia. So far, six similar cases have been described in the literature. It is believed that acute ACG is triggered by the surgical procedure in patients with predisposing risk factors such as a cataract. Surgical triggering factors include the use of buffered lidocaine/xylocaine with adrenaline/epinephrine, stress, and coverage of the eyes postoperatively. Due to postoperative analgesic use, the clinical presentation can be mild and atypical, leading to a significant diagnostic delay. Acute ACG should therefore be excluded in each patient with postoperative complaints by assessing pupillary reactions. If a fixed mid-wide pupil is observed in an ophthalmologic examination, an immediate ophthalmology referral is warranted. Surgeons should be aware of this rare complication in order to offer treatment at an early stage and to minimize the chance of irreversible vision loss.