• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2003

This study was conducted to examine rice growth duration by analyzing agricultural climatic conditions at different latitudes in unified Korea. The climatic conditions of nine sites from Wunggi (latitude 42N) to Jeju (latitude 31N) were examined in this study. The rice growth duration of various cropping patterns was determined by analyzing consecutive days when effective daily mean air temperature was suitable for rice growth from the first seeding date to the last maturing date. The rice growth duration in Wunggi located in North Korea was available 138 days for machine transplanting, 115 days for direct seeding on dry paddy cultivation, and 97 days for direct seeding on a flooded surface with cultivation after seeding. On the other hand, the rice growth duration in Kwangju (latitude 35N) located in South Korea was 195 days for machine transplanting, 180 days for direct seeding on dry paddy cultivation, and 170 days for direct seeding on a flooded surface cultivation after seeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.20
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• pp.87-94
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• 1975

By RH-531 treatments in Buheung, Suweon ＃ 165 and Suweon ＃ 18 of barley and Jangkwang, Namkwang and Suweon ＃ 85 of wheat, heading date and maturing date were delayed as the time of treatment delayed and as the concentration increased, field lodging in barley and lodging index in all cultivars were reduced, leaf growth after treatment showed erect elongation and darker green color, culm length and spike length and extrusion length were shortened, ripening ratio and yields were reduced, and protein contents in grain were increased. The effect of RH-531 treatment on each characteristics of each cultivars of barley and wheat was influenced more by treating time than concentration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.20
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• pp.63-68
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• 1975

Several high protein mutant lines(M4 plant generation, 1974) obtained from X-ray irradiated Jinheung variety were examined at three different locations for their agronomic characters, protein and grain yields. On the other hand, high protein-short culmed-early maturity mutant line No. 398 (M$_{10}$ plant generation, 1974) induced from Hokwang was crossed back to its mother to investigate the gene(s) controlling protein and its pleiotropic relation to other mutated characters. Although variation of protein percent of mutant lines from Jinheung was comparatively large depending on year and location, most of the high protein mutant lines had higher protein yield per unit area than the mother variety and their grain yields were equal to or better than the mother, being resistant to both leaf and neck blast. They were several days earlier-maturing and had shorter-culm except one mutant line. The culm length and heading date of F$_1$ between high protein mutant 398 and its mother Hokwang were intermediate. Accurate assessment of segregation of culm length and heading date in F$_2$ generation and protein percent in F$_3$ seeds will be conducted in 1975.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1976

These studies were carried out to find out the most reasonable planting density and :adequate amount of nitrogen fertilizer for the pearl barley. and results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The planting densities affected neither the heading date nor the maturing date of p. earl barley. 2. The planting density of 90cm X (30cm+30cm) was the most adequate for high yield and that of $40cm{\times}20cm$ which was the most densely planted plot in this experiment showed the lowest grain yield. 3. The height and weight of stem were significantly increased by increased fertilization of nitrogen. 4. The highest grain yield per 10a (613kg/10a) was resulted from the nitrogen fertilization of 20kg/10a. and the plot of which amount of nitrogen fertilization was 15kg/10a showed the grain yield of 603kg per 10a. But there was not significant difference between two plots mentioned above. 5. Single plant per hill was the most effective for high yield of pearl barley and 3 plants per hill dropped the grain yield of 28.4%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth characteristics and grain component of 10 collected colored rice cultivars to find out the possibilities of using the agronomically usefull characters to provide information for colored rice breeding and cultivation. The coefficients of variation of culm length, grains number, ripening rate, maturity time, and coat color of grain and seed were higher than those of other characters. The positive correlations were observed among heading dates, grain numbers per panicle, and 1000 grain weight, as well as between culm length and panicle length, panicle length and grain numbers per panicle, 1000 grain weight and darkness of seed coat color, while negative correlations were observed between heading dates and panicle numbers per hill, grain yield and seed coat color as well as among culm length, length, number per hill and seed coat color of brown rice, respectively. The first component of principal component analysis was consist of panicle numbers per hill, 1000 grain weight, and grain yield showing higher correlations among them which explained the variance of the sink size of respective cultivars. The second component of principal component analysis was consist of heading date, grain numbers per panicle and maturing date showing higher correlations among them which explained the variance of maturity of respective cultivars.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.427-433
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• 2008

Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus (BaYMV) caused significant reduction in barley yield and is difficult to control due to alive parasitic soil-borne fungus, Palmyra gamines that transmits the, virus. Previous studies have indicated that a virus-free soil could be infested by using virus-contaminated farming machineneries and implements. For the further confirmation of this finding, different proportions of BaYMV-infested soil were mixed into virus free soil. Three barley varieties (Hordum vulgarae, cv "Olbori", "Baegdong" and "Sacheon 6") were sown in pots treated with different rate of P. graminis-infested soil ranging from 0% to 100% in October 20, 2001. Results showed that BaYMV infection increased as the rate of infested soil increased. Initial symptoms were observed in a pots treated with 10% infested soil in all the 3 varieties of barley. "Olbori" had about 5% infection in 20% infested soil and about 10% infection in 40% or 50% infested soil and about 20% infection in 60% infested soil. In "Baegdong", the trend of BYMV occurrence was similar with "Olbori" but the time of severe infection was earlier than "Olbori". BaYMV infection in "Sacheon 6" was even earlier than "Baegdong" with much more severe symptoms than "Baegdong". The growth rate of barley was affected by about 19-22% when grown in 20% infested soil. As the rate of BaYMV infested soil increased the heading date was delayed but the maturing date was early in "Olbori" and "Sacheon 6". Also, reduction rate of culm length in 3 varieties increased with increase of infested soil content. However, "Olbori" showed the highest reduction. "Sacheon 6", have been characterized with long spike length, however was significantly reduced as the infested soil increased. On the other hand, spike length of "Olbori" was not significantly affected despite of increased of infested soil. The reduction rate of 1000 kernel weight was higher in large kernel size cultivar "Sacheon 6" and "Olbori" than small kernel size "Baegdong" as increase of BaYMV-infested soil content.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2021

Barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta) can be processed through soiling, hay, and silage, depending on the weather conditions during harvesting. However, research on barnyard millet is insufficient, and standards for cultivar, seeding density, and fertilizers have not been established. This study was conducted to examine the effects of seeding density and seeding methods on dry matter yields. For this, we used the early-maturing (Shirohie millet) variety of the barnyard millet. The experimental design included different seeding density (10 kg/ha, 15 kg/ha, 20 kg/ha (standard seeding density), 25 kg/ha and 30 kg/ha), and different methods of seeding (drill seeding and broadcast seeding). The seeding date was May 13, 2021, and the harvest date was July 13, 2021. Harvesting was carried out when the heading reached 40 %. Lodging occurred at 5, 9 and 7 at 20, 25 and 30 kg/ha densities in the broadcast seeding, but not in the drill seeding. With decreasing density of seeding, tillage number showed an increasing trend in both drill seeding and broadcast seeding (p>0.05). The plant heights were comparable in both drill seeding and broadcast seeding (p>0.05). The heading stage of barnyard millet was checked July 7 for drill seeding, and, on July 8 for broadcast seeding. It took 62 days, i.e., till July 13 for the heading to reach 40 % of the output. The dry matter yield of barnyard millet was significantly higher at the seeding density of 30 kg/ha, for both the methods of seeding (p<0.05). There was no difference in the chemical composition of grain, based on the seeding method and seeding density. However, as the seeding density increased, the CP, NDF, ADF, and TDN contents increased in both drill seeding and broadcast seeding. We found that, the dry matter content was the highest at the seeding density of 30 kg/ha for both the methods of seeding, but this was only 1.3 times higher than that of 10 kg/ha. Considering the seed price and labor force involved in seeding, it is advisable to have a seeding density of 15-20 kg/ha.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.428-436
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• 1995

The studies were conducted to escape for laber concentration during rice harvest and barley sowing through the scattering sowing before rice harvest(SS) compared to the drilling on high ridge(DS) of barley from 1990 to 1994. There were longer in plant height and more in tiller number under the SS than those under the DS of barley while cold-injured leaves of barley were inversely affected by two different sowing methods. The barley growth was more vigorous in the DS. There was similar at heading and maturing date. The grain yield of barley was lower in the SS by 20.6% which was resulted from the reduction of spike number per m$^2$ and number of grain per spike. There was not significant at growth and yield for sowing date before rice harvest. The variation of successive years on growth, yield and its components were higher in the SS than those in the DS.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.323-335
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• 2019

Rice is sensitive to day-length and short-day plants. It has a characteristic that the photosensitivity response required for flower bud differentiation decreases under long-day conditions. To identify critical photoperiod required for flower bud differentiation of major cultivation rice varieties, the average temperature was fixed at 28 ℃, and the day length was set at 12 hours and 10 minutes intervals from 13 hours to 14 hours 30 minutes. The critical photoperiod for each cultivar was set to day-length, where the daily cumulative response [(X_{(Critical Photoperiod)}-Y_{(Set day-length)})/(X_{(Critical Photoperiod)}-12:00_{(Optimal Day-length)}) × (28.0_{(Set Temperature)}-10_{(Minimum Temperature)})/(29.2_{(Maximum Temperature)}-10_{(Minimum Temperature)})] was the same for each day-length conditions. The flower bud differentiation time of all varieties was 32 days before heading at the average temperature of 28 ℃ conditions. The critical photoperiod of the early maturing type, such as Woonkwang, Odae, Koshihikari, Jopyeong, were 19:20, 18:14, 18:58, 17:30, respectively. Medium maturing type, such as Daebo, Haiami, Samdeok, were 16:08, 16:15, 16:55, respectively. Mid-late maturing type, such as Saenuri, Sindongjin, Chucheong, Samkwang, Ilpum, Saeilmi, Hwangkeumnuri, Dongjinchal, Ilmi, Hopum, Yeonghojinmi, were 15:58, 15:56, 16:36, 16:44, 15:35, 16:26, 15:33, 16:20, 16:29, 16:13, 15:41.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2010

'Hanseol' is a new very early-maturing, cold tolerant and high quality japonica rice variety developed from a cross of 'Jinbu24' and 'Jinbu25' by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2009. The heading date of this variety is July 25, which is four days earlier than check variety, 'Jinbubyeo'. 'Hanseol' has 65 cm of culm length, 99 spikelets per panicle, 82.9% of ripened grain rate, and 21.5 g of 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice. This variety shows susceptibility to bacterial leaf blight and virus diseases, and insect pests. It is tolerant to cold stress in terms of less heading delay and high fertility in cold water irrigated cultivation. This variety shows delayed leaf senescence and considerable tolerance to viviparous germination at ripening stage. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium-short grain. 'Hanseol' showed low gelatinization temperature and 6.1% protein content, 19.1% amylose content and good palatability of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.43 MT/ha at ordinary culture in local adaptability test for three years. 'Hanseol' would be highly adaptable to mid-north and mid-mountainous areas, and mid-northern alpine area in Korea.