• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.112-113
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• 2002

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 1999

The 'Hard Matte' was the method being wide-screen to the directors wanted more vivid and made real films to the audience at the beginning of cinematography. The hard matte have changed as unique device in films as opening and closing credit titles making impressions which being captured strongly to the people at the time the wide-screen has developed. In HDTV has invented in NHK the hard matte is called 'letter box style and on music video channel we can see the style as easily. That kind of hard matte images on music video have effected to commercial films are seen recently. But some of commercial films have problems like only expending horizontal way. The hard matte is one of important ways that could regulate the art contents with art form. Korean film image makers as directors and production designers must know the role and function of hard matter has arranged reasonable in foreign films.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.243-250
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• 2005

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.32-37
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• 2015

Cobalt is abundant only in some countries including Democratic Republic of the Congo. It would be necessary to secure overseas Co ores and Co extraction technology. Two kinds of matte varying the sulfur content were manufactured by smelting reduction of Co concentrate containing ~8 wt% Co, ~19 wt% Cu, and ~3 wt% Fe. The amount of Co, Cu and Fe was concentrated to 19~21 wt%, 39~41 wt%, and 7~9 wt% respectively in the resulting matte. High-pressure leaching of matte was performed in an autoclave with considering the effect of oxidizing agent, $H_2SO_4$ concentration as a lixiviant, and the amount of sulfur added to the matte. An oxidizing agent (oxygen) is necessary to improve Co leaching efficiency enabling usage of a dilute $H_2SO_4$ leaching agent. An increase in $H_2SO_4$ concentration prevents selective leaching of Co, and the sulfur content in matte has a minor influence on the Co leaching efficiency.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.153-161
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• 1995

건식 제련법에 의한 자용제련 공정에 대하여 공정비용을 최소화시키고 최적 조업조건을 제시할 수 있는 최적화 모델을 개발하였다. 본 모델은 Outokumpu 공정을 기본으로 하여 물질 및 에너지 수지식과 비용 방정식을 포함하였으며 주어진 공정조건에서 공업용 산소량, 탄화수소 연료량, 원료 정광의 구리함량, matte의 구리함량 및 전기료 등이 공정비용에 미치는 영향을 계산할 수 있었다. 모델에 의한 계산결과 25% 구리정광을 원료로 하여 자용제련을 할 경우 matte의 최적 구리함량은 65%, 산화용 가스의 최적 산소함량은 53.4%, 최소 공정비용은 $9.22/ton정광이었다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.686-693
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• 1992

In order to investigate the mechanism of dissolutin of nickel from a matte composed essentially of heazlewoodite and ferronickel, the leaching in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric was carried out at $50-90^{\circ}C$, 0.5-3.ON HCl, and with the particle sizes between $100-160{\mu}m$ and $400-500{\mu}m$. The leaching rate of heazlewoodite was much rapider than that of ferronickel, and the two components were simultaneously dissolved with different reaction rates. Within the experimental range, NiS, an intermediate, was not formed. However a possibility to form a thin layer of NiS on particle surface upon saturating the reaction mixture with $H_2S$ was not excluded. At the initial stage, the activation energy was about 10 kcal/g mol. The reaction occurred at the particle surface, and consequently the particle size decreased with time. The rate of dissoultion for nickel was linearly proportional to the concentration of HCl up to 1.0N.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.10 no.1 s.13
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• pp.31-37
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• 2001

The metallurgical investigation of four lumps of bronze from the third building site of the northern workshop site at the Neungsan-ri temple site in Buyeo was performed. The microstructures of a section of sample was observed by SEM and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the sample was performed by EDS. The results are as follows: Sample 1 of the lump of bronze from northern workshop site in the third building site at Neungsan-ri temple site and sample 2 are speculated to be low-quality bronze resulting from refinery of matte which formed on the process of bronze refinery. Sample 3 is speculated as a lump of bronze which is one of Cu-Sn system and the one made by alloy only with pure bronze and tin on the process of bronze refinery. Sample 4 is confirmed as a lump of bronze which is one of Cu-Sn-Pb system from alloy of tin and lead into pure bronze. It is believed that the third building site at Neungsan-ri temple site in Buyeo produced bronze matte by refinery of copper ore or produced low-quality bronze by melting matte imported from outside.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.26-31
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• 1995

The leaching characteristics of manganese nodules were investigated in dilute hydrochloric acid solution using copper malie as a reductant. Thc capper matte has been found to be an effective reductant for exhacting morc than 96% of Mn, 95% of Ni, 91% of Ca, 88% of Cu and 36% of Fe when leached in 2.5 M HCI at 70$^{\circ}$C for 2hr. The dissolutions of Mu, Co, and Ni depend on thc amaunt of added cappcr matte. 7he ratin of liquid and solid is an important [actor on the extraction of metals during leaching The dissolution af Mn, Co, Ni and Cu incrcascd w~th the increase in temperalure of leachant. The leaching rates of Mn, Co, NI and Cu from manganese nodule m the presznce of copper matte is limited by bath thc surface chemical reaction and pare diffusion processes. Thc activation energies far Mn. Co: Ni and Cu were 17. 61, 12.8, 17.2 and 57.88 KcaUmol, rcspcctively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 1992.11a
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992