• 식물병연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2010

본 연구는 고추 역병균의 교배형 분포와 병원성 분화를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 2005년부터 2007년까지 고추 역병에 감염된 식물로부터 총 143균주를 분리하였고 분리된 균주의 교배형을 조사하였다. 2005년 분리된 20균주 중 A1 교배형이 75%, A2 교배형이 25%인 것으로 조사되었다. 2006년 분리된 총 91균주 중 A1 교배형이 49.0%이고 A2 교배형이 42.9%로 나타났으며 교배가 되지 않는 S형(sterile type)이 3.3%로 분리되었다. 2007년 분리된 균주는 2006년과 비슷한 양상을 나타내었다. 전체 143균주의 교배형은 A1 56.6%, A2 39.2%, S형 4.2%로 조사되었다. 50종 고추에 교배형이 다른 대표적인 3균주를 접종하여 병원성 반응이 다른 13개의 고추를 선발하여 고추 역병균 병원성 분화 조사를 위한 판별품종군을 만들었다. 고추역병 판별품종군을 이용하여 병원성 여부를 조사한 결과 11종의 서로 다른 병원성 반응을 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 이를 통해 국내에 최소 11개의 고추 역병균 레이스가 존재한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2000

1998년과 1999년에 강원도의 4지역으로부터 수집, 분리한 감자역병균 집단의 교배형과 metalaxyl 반응성을 조사하였다. 1998년 및 1999년에 분리한 균주는 A1과 A2 교배형이 모두 검출되었으나, 분리된 균주의 대부분이 A1 교배형이었다 1998년에는 조사한 42균주 중 35.7%가 A2 교배형이었으며, 1999년에는 105균주 중 1균주만이 A2 교배형이었다. Metalaxyl에 대한 반응성은 metalaxyl이 $10{\mu}g/mL$가 첨가된 V8-juice agar 배지에서 균사의 생장정도에 따라 결정했다. 1998년에는 조사한 균주 중 44.6%가 metalaxyl에 대하여 저항성이었으며, 55.4%의 균주가 중도저항성으로 감수성 균은 발견되지 않았다. 그러나 1999년에는 조사한 균주 중 10.5%가 감수성으로 나타났고, 88.6%의 균주가 중도 저항성이었으며, 저항성 균은 0.9%로 나타났다. 따라서 A2 교배형에서 Al 교배형을 대체되고 있으며, metalaxyl에 대하여 저항성인 균주의 비율이 점차 줄어들고 있어 이러한 결과는 1990년대 초의 조사 경향과는 현저한 차이를 나타냈다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.111-113
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• 1988

To elucidate the distribution of mating type of Microsporum canis, originated from animals in Korea, a total of 272 strains of M. canis isolated from dogs and cats were mated with the tester strains of Nannizzia otae. Among 272 strains of M. canis examined, 217 strains(79.8%) were N. otae-, but none of strains showed+mating type. And 55 strains(20.0%) were reacted with neither N. otae+nor N. otae-.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2012

Information about the mating behaviors of an endangered species is critical for the understanding of the natural history of the species as well as in situ and ex situ breeding programs designed to rehabilitate field populations. We describe the mating behaviors of the Mongolian racerunner (Eremias argus), an endangered species in South Korea. The mating of this species consists of precopulatory, copulatory, and postcopulatory stages and is composed of 12 different mating behaviors. During the postcopulatory stage, other males or females not involved in mating show more interference behaviors than during the precopulatory and copulatory stages. The male E. argus has an extraordinarily long postcopulatory bite, which may function as a type of mate-guarding behavior. This study is the first report on the mating behavior of a South Korean reptile.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2003년도 학술대회지
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• pp.50-55
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• 2003

Tribological testing of DLC films was conducted using a rotating type ball on a disk friction tester in a dry chamber. This study made use of four kinds of mating balls that were made with stainless steel but subjected to diverse annealing conditions in order to achieve different levels of hardness. In all load conditions using martensite mating balls, the test results demonstrated that the friction coefficient was lower when the mating materials were harder. The high friction coefficient found in soft martensite balls appeared to be caused by the larger contact areas. The wear track on the mating balls indicated that a certain amount of material transfer occurs from the DLC film to the mating ball during the high friction process. Raman Spectra analysis showed that the transferred materials were a kind of graphite and that the contact surface of the DLC film seemed to undergo a phase transition from carbon to graphite during the high friction process.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2015

The effects of monokaryotic strains on fruiting body formation of Lentinula edodes were examined through mating and cultivation of the mated dikaryotic mycelia in sawdust medium. To accomplish this, monokaryotic strains of L. edodes were isolated from basidiospores of the commercial dikaryotic strains, Chamaram (Cham) and Sanjo701 (SJ701). A total of 703 matings (538 self-matings and 165 outcrosses) were performed, which generated 133 self-mates and 84 outcross mates. The mating rate was 25% and 50% for self-mating and outcross, respectively. The bipolarity of the outcross indicated the multi-allelic nature of the mating type genes. The mating was only dependent on the A mating type locus, while the B locus showed no effect, implying that the B locus is multi-allelic. Next, 145 selected dikaryotic mates were cultivated in sawdust medium. The self-mated dikaryotic progenies showed 51.3% and 69.5% fruiting rates for Cham and SJ701, respectively, while the fruiting rate of the outcross mates was 63.2%. The dikaryotic mates generated by mating with one of the monokaryotic strains, including A20, B2, E1, and E3, showed good fruiting performance and tended to yield high fruiting body production, while many of the monokaryotic strains failed to form fruiting bodies. Overall, these findings suggest that certain monokaryotic strains have traits enabling better mating and fruiting.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1177-1184
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• 2012

In order to estimate how diverse the mating types in Pleurotus eryngii from different regions are, pairings between monokaryons derived from inter- and intra-groups were done. Sixteen and 15 alleles were identified at loci A and B from the 12 strains. In the P. eryngii KNR2312, widely used for commercial production, four mating loci, A3, A4, B3, and B4, were determined. Those loci, except A3, were found in 4 strains out of 12 strains. To improve breeding efficiency, especially in mating type determination, RAPD and BSA were performed to screen for a mating type specific marker. The SCAR marker 13-$2_{2100}$ was developed based on the RAPD-derived sequence typing B3 locus. The sequence analysis of 13-$2_{2100}$ revealed that it contained a conserved domain, the STE3 super-family, and consensus sequences like the TATA box and GC box. It seems likely that the SCAR marker region is a part of the pheromone receptor gene.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2002

Diamond-like Carbon(DLC) films were deposited on Si wafers by an RF-plasma-assisted CVD using CH$_4$gas. Tribological tests were conducted with the use of a rotating type ball on a disk friction tester with dry air. This study made use of four kinds of mating balls that were made with stainless steel but subjected to different annealing conditions in order to achieve different levels of hardness. In all load conditions, testing results demonstrated that the harder the mating materials, the lower the friction coefficient was. The friction coefficients were fecund to be lower with austenite mating balls than with fully annealed martensite balls. Conversely, the high friction coefficient found in soft martensite balls appeared to be caused by the larger contact area between the DLC film and the ball. The wear tracks on DLC films and mating balls could prove that effect. Measuring the wear track of both DLC films and mating balls revealed a similar tendency compared to the results of friction coefficients. The wear rate of austenite balls was also less than that of fully annealed martensite balls. Friction eoefficients decrease when applied leads exceed critical amount. The wear track on mating balls showed that a certain amount of material transfer occurs from the DLC film to the mating ball during a high friction process. Raman Spectra analysis Showed that the transferred materials were a kind of graphite and that the contact surface of the DLC film seemed to undergo a phase transition from carbon to graphite during the high friction process.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.35-35
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• 2015

Pleurotus eryngii has recently become a major cultivated mushroom; it uses tetrapolar heterothallism as a part of its reproductive process. Sexual development progresses only when the A and B mating types are compatible. Such mating incompatibility occasionally limits the efficiency of breeding programs in which crossing within loci-shared strains or backcrossing strategies are employed. Therefore, understanding the mating system in edible mushroom fungi will help provide a short cut in the development of new strains. We isolated and identified pheromone and receptor genes in the B3 locus of P. eryngii and performed a functional analysis of the genes in the mating process by transformation. A genomic DNA library was constructed to map the entire mating-type locus. The B3 locus was found to contain four pheromone precursor genes and four receptor genes. Remarkably, receptor PESTE3.3.1 has just 34 amino acid residues in its C-terminal cytoplasmic region; therefore, it seems likely to be a receptor-like gene. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (real-time qRT-PCR) revealed that most pheromone and receptor genes showed significantly higher expression in monokaryotic cells than dikaryotic cells. The pheromone genes PEphb3.1 and PEphb3.3 and the receptor gene PESTE3.3.1 were transformed into P5 (A3B4). The transformants were mated with a tester strain (A4B4), and the progeny showed clamp connections and a normal fruiting body, which indicates the proposed role of these genes in mating and fruiting processes. This result also confirms that PESTE3.3.1 is a receptor gene. In this study, we identified pheromone and receptor genes in the B3 locus of P. eryngii and found that some of those genes appear to play a role in the mating and fruiting processes. These results might help elucidate the mechanism of fruiting differentiation and improve breeding efficiency.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2019

Allelic differences in A and B mating-type loci are a prerequisite for the progression of mating in the genus Pleurotus eryngii; thus, the crossing is hampered by this biological barrier in inbreeding. Molecular markers linked to mating types of P. eryngii KNR2312 were investigated with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA to enhance crossing efficiency. An A4-linked sequence was identified and used to find the adjacent genomic region with the entire motif of the A locus from a contig sequenced by PacBio. The sequence-characterized amplified region marker $7-2_{299}$ distinguished A4 mating-type monokaryons from KNR2312 and other strains. A BLAST search of flanked sequences revealed that the A4 locus had a general feature consisting of the putative HD1 and HD2 genes. Both putative HD transcription factors contain a homeodomain sequence and a nuclear localization sequence; however, valid dimerization motifs were found only in the HD1 protein. The ACAAT motif, which was reported to have relevance to sex determination, was found in the intergenic region. The SCAR marker could be applicable in the classification of mating types in the P. eryngii breeding program, and the A4 locus could be the basis for a multi-allele detection marker.