• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.297-300
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• 1996

LBD-001, a recombinant human interferon $\gamma$ produced by genetically engineered yeast as a host system, was administered intraperitoneally to Sprague-Dawley male rats from premating to mating period at least for 60 days and to female rats from at least for 2 weeks before mating to early gestation period (from day 0 to 7 of gestation) at dose levels of $0.35\times10^6, 0.39\times10^6, and 1.38\times10^6$ I.U./kg/day. In the positive control group, ethynylestradiol ($EE_2$; 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day) was subcutaneously administered only to female rats during the early gestation period. Effects of the test agents on reproductive performances of the male or female rats and embryonic development were as followings; (1) No significant changes by the treatment of LBD-001 were observed in general behaviors, body weight, food and water consumption, and necropsy of parent animals. However, significant decreases of body weight, food consumption, and water consumption were observed in ($EE_2$ -treated female rats. (2) Mating performances and fertility of parent animals were not significantly affected by the treatment of LBD-001. In ($EE_2$ -treated females, however, the fertility was completely inhibited. (3) No changes in resorption rate and external abnormality of F1 fetuses were observed by the treatment of LBD-001. The results show that LBD-001 at the dose of $1.38\times10^6$ I.U./kg/day or less does not affect general toxicity and reproductive function of parent animals and embryonic development of F1 fetuses.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2000

본 연구는 1996년부터 1999년까지 다비 AI 센타에서 사육되는 종모돈 199두와 종빈돈 4,181두를 가지고 종모돈의 정액생산과 번식성적에 미치는 품종, 연령, 계절, 산차 및 교배방법의 영향을 구명하고자 실시한 바, 그 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 정액량은 Landrace (L) 종이 266.8 $m\ell$로 제일 많았고, Yorkshire (Y) 종이 그 다음으로 많았으며, Duroc (D) 종이 제일 적었다. 정자 운동성은 품종간에 차이가 없었다. 정자농도는 Landrace 종이 4.7$\times$109 sperm/$m\ell$로 제일 낮았고, 정액량이 제일적은 Duroc 종이 5.7$\times$$10^{9}$ sperm/$m\ell$ 로 제일 높았다. 종모돈의 연령에 따른 정액량은 2세 때가 213.3 $m\ell$로 제일 많았고, 4, 3 그리고 l 세의 순서로 정액량이 감소하였다. 2. 종모돈의 계절에 따른 정액량은 겨울철이 228.6 $m\ell$로 제 일 많았고, 가을, 여름, 봄의 순서로 정액량이 감소하였다. 정자농도는 봄철이 5.9$\times$109 sperm/$m\ell$로 제일 높았으며, 여름, 겨울, 그리고 가을의 순서로 낮았다. 3. 교배방법에 따른 복당 생시체중은 품종간 처리구간에 차이점을 인정할 수 없었으나 복당 출생시 생존수에 있어서는 자연종부후 인공수정을 실시한 처리구에서 9.5두로 제일 많았으며, 인공수정을 실시한 처리구에서는 9.2두, 그리고 자연종부를 실시한 처리구에서는 8.9두로 처리구간에 유의성 (P＜0.01)이 인정되었다. 4. 교배그룹간에서는 L (우)$\times$Y (♂) 교배조합과 L (♀)$\times$L (♂) 교배조합이 Y (♀)$\times$ L (♂) 교배조합 Y (♀)$\times$Y (♂) 교배조합보다 복당 생시체중이 무거웠으며, 복당 출생시 생존 자돈수에 있어서도 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 자연종부와 인공수정간에 복당 생시체중과 복당 출생시 생존자돈수는 유의차가 없었다. 5. 산차간에 있어서는 2~6 산차의 복당 생시체중과 복당 출생시 생존 자돈수가 각각 13.5 kg 과 9.5 두로 1산차와 7~9 산차에 비하여 우수하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate effects of farm, type of sow Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire, LY; Yorkshire${\times}$ Landrace, YL; Yorkshire${\times}$Yorkshire, YY and multi-cross bred sow, MBS), parity, farrowing year, farrowing season and mating method on reproductive traits such as total number born per litter, number of born alive per litter, number of weaned per litter, number of mummified per litter, number of stillbirth. The Reproductive Records of 3,387 litters from January, 1999 to September, 2002 were obtained from four pig farms managed by Electronic Data Processing(EDP) system. Reproductive performances for two types of F1 Sows(YL and LY) were estimated as 11.34${\pm}$0.266 and 11.57${\pm}$0.263 heads for total number of born per litter, 10.56${\pm}$0.216 and 11.81${\pm}$0.251 heads for number of born alive per litter, and 10.05${\pm}$0.131 and 9.96${\pm}$0.153 heads for number of weaned per litter, respectively. These records are significantly higher(P〈0.05) than those of YY and MBS. However, number of mummified per litter, number of stillborn per litter, number of dead by diarrhea per litter, number of dead by other reasons during lactating period per litter and estrus interval did not show significant difference between types of sows. There were more total number of born per litter and number of weaned per litter in year 2001 than other year. As year passed, number of dead by crush per litter, number of dead by diarrhea per litter and number of dead by other reasons during lactating period per litter reduced from 0.18${\pm}$0.023 to 0.07${\pm}$0.022 head, 0.12${\pm}$0.21 to 0.02${\pm}$0.020 head and 0.43${\pm}$0.041 to 0.22${\pm}$0.040 head, respectively and weaning rate increased from 0.94${\pm}$0.005% to 0.97${\pm}$0.005%. The total number of born per litter and number of born alive per litter were higher(P〈0.05) in the case of mating twice than mating once. The number of weaned per litter, number of mummified per litter and number of stillborn per litter were not significant(P〈0.05) between mating methods. Estrus interval was shorter on the occasion of twice artificial insemination(5.24${\pm}$0.153days) than twice natural mating(6.51${\pm}$0.466days).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.573-579
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• 1998

The effects of supplementation with mixed fodder or concentrate were investigated on the performance of a) growth of male lambs and kids grazing extensively under oil palm trees and b) reproduction of ewes and goats stall-fed with native herbage. Supplemented kids and lambs had higher average daily weight gain than controls but the effect was only significant for those which received concentrate (p < 0.05). Final body weight was only significantly different from controls for lambs supplemented with concentrate (p < 0.05). The ages at puberty, first mating, first conception and first kidding of supplemented goats were about 110 days earlier than those for controls (p < 0.05 or better). Supplemented goats had first mating and conceived at lower body weights (p < 0.01) than those in control groups. Different feeding regimes had no effects (p > 0.05) on the reproductive performance of ewes apart from highest body weight of first lambing in animals supplemented with concentrate (p < 0.05). Native herbage available under oil palm trees of 5 years old was sufficient for growth and reproduction of sheep and goats. Concentrate was better than mixed fodder as supplement for enhancing the reproductive performance of goats but both appeared to have limited effects on the performance of reproduction in ewes and growth in male kids.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.142-145
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• 1995

The pumb gene encoding a basic amino acid transport protein in Neurospora crassa could be cloned by using a mutant strain defective in pmb gene as a host strain, using a negative selection on the media containing amino acid analogue canavanine. To select positive transformants of the genes for cloning, an auxotrophic marker (his-2) was added to a pmb mutant strain by mating ; a triple mutant (pmn : pmb : his-2) was constructued by crossing a strain defective in basic amino acid transport system (# 1683-bat um 535 "A") to a double mutant strain defective in neutral amino acid transport and histidine production (mitrol : his-2 "a"). Crossing was performed on synthetic crossing (SC) media containing histidine. The pmn : pmb and pmn :pmb : his-2 strains were selected among the progeny colonies from crosses on plates containing 5- .mu.g/ml para-fluoro-phenylalanine (PFPA), 200 .mu.g/ml canavanine, and 500 .mu.g/ml histidine. The selected colonies were cultured on minimal media with or without histidine for discarding pmn : pmb strain, because the pmn : pmb : his -2 strain grows only on histidine containing media. The pmn :pmb : his-2 strain selected can be used as a host strain for the cloning of the pmb and the pmn genes from a Neurospora genomic library by means of positive selections.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.76-95
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• 2009

In the fungal genus Cordyceps, the type species Cordyceps militaris produces bioactive ingredients and exhibits medicinal effects as a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The fruiting bodies of C.militaris have now been mass-produced artificially and used as functional food and medicine in China. The unstable variation in forming fruiting body is however a key restrictive factor in industrial production. The genetic study on in vitro stromata formation of C. militaris has rarely been carried out. Here, we report the effects of genetic variation including the mating system on perithecial stromata formation of C. militaris. Monoconidial isolates which have both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1(genotype MAT1-1/2) could produce stromata. While the isolates only have either MAT1-1-1 or MAT1-2-1 (genotype MAT1-1 or MAT1-2) failed to produce stromata. Despite obvious heterothallism, homothallism was occasionally observed in a few isolates of C. militaris. High genetic variation was observed amongst the different monoconidial isolates of C. militaris. The unstable variation or lose of fruiting body formation was found to be caused by the inner-species high genetic variation of C. militaris. These results also indicated that C. militaris sexually behaved as both heterothallic and homothallic and required two mating type compatible in the same culture in order to produce regular clubshaped perithecial stromata.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2005

조릿대(S. borealis)는 다년생 초본으로 한국, 일녈, 중국의 일부에 제한적으로 분포한다. 이 종은 자가 및 타가수분에 의한 혼합번식 형태를 취한다. 전분 전기영동을 이용한 12개의 대립 유전자좌위에서 종의 교배계를 조사하였다. 교배계에서 타가 및 자가 수분, 그리고 줄기의 변형으로 영양번식이 이루어지는 매우 복잡한 혼합 방식의 교배 양식은 제한된 분포, 고산식생대 등의 환경에서 생존할 수 있는 조릿대의 생존전략과도 관련이 있을 것으로 보인다 또한 일부 자생지 파괴에 대한 유효집단의 감소가 일어나 생물자원 확보를 위한 자생지 보존이 필요하다

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.599-603
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• 2021

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing systems have been established in a broad range of eukaryotic species. Herein, we report the first method for genetic engineering in pyogo (shiitake) mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) using CRISPR/Cas9. For in vivo expression of guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting the mating-type gene HD1 (LeA1), we identified an endogenous LeU6 promoter in the L. edodes genome. We constructed a plasmid containing the LeU6 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (LeGPD) promoters to express the Cas9 protein. Among the eight gRNAs we tested, three successfully disrupted the LeA1 locus. Although the CRISPR-Cas9-induced alleles did not affect mating with compatible monokaryotic strains, disruption of the transcription levels of the downstream genes of LeHD1 and LeHD2 was detected. Based on this result, we present the first report of a simple and powerful genetic manipulation tool using the CRISPR/Cas9 toolbox for the scientifically and industrially important edible mushroom, L. edodes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

본 연구는 도체 등급판정을 받은 비육돈 LY 및 LYD 교잡종 중 암퇘지 128두와 거세돈 528두, 총 656 두를 공시돈으로 교배조합, 도체등급 및 출하일령별 도체 및 육질특성을 조사하여 고급돈육생산에 필요한 기초적 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 교배조합별 도체특성의 변화에서 근내 지방도와 보수력은 두 교배조합 간에 각각 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보였으나, 도체중, 등지방 두께, 육색, 도체등급 및 출하일령은 두 교배조합 간에 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 도체등급별 도체특성 분석에서 도체중은 도체등급이 떨어질수록 유의하게(p<0.05) 무거웠다. 등지방 두께는 도체등급이 높을수록 유의하게(p<0.05) 얇은 성적을 나타났으나, 육색도에서는 도체등급간에 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 보수력은 도체등급 간에 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보인 반면에, 출하일령은 유의성 있는 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 출하일령별 도체특성에서 도체중과 등지방 두께는 출하일령 간에 통계적으로 유의하게(p<0.05) 일령이 많을수록 무겁게 나타났으나, 육색은 일령간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 근내 지방도는 출하일령이 많을수록 유의하게(p<0.05) 높았으나, 도체등급과 보수력에서는 출하일령이 적을수록 유의하게(p<0.05) 높게 나타났다. 그리고 A 등급 출현율은 출하일령이 높은 돈군보다 166~170 일령 돈군에서 53.5%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 도체형질 간의 상관계수 추정에서 도체중은 등지방 두께와 정(+)의 중등 상관이었으나, 도체등급과는 부(-)의 상관이 존재하였으며, 등지방 두께와 도체등급 간에는 부(-) 상관, 육색과 보수력 간에는 고도의 부(-)의 상관, 그리고 근내 지방도와 보수력은 정(+)의 중등 상관이 각각 존재하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.437-442
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• 1998

대두에서 종자크기와 앞 크기와의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 두 형질에서 큰 차이를 보이는 12 strain을 선택하여 half diallel mating system으로부터 만들어진 66개의 $F_2$ 분리집단을 대상으로 양 형질에 대한 관계를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 종자크기 (g/100 seed)는 6.7에서 43.8의 변이를 보였고, 잎의 넓이와 길이(cm)에서는 각각 5.7에서 8.6과 9.4에서 12.9의 변이를 보였다. $F_2$ 집단에서의 잎의 넓이와 길이는 고도의 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 종자 크기와 잎 크기에서도 동일한 경향을 보여, 잡종집단 및 germplasm 내에서 일반적으로 큰 잎 형질과 대립종자 형질은 고도의 정의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, 대두 잡종집단에서나 germplasm내에서 어린 식물체를 대상으로 하는 생육초기에서 대립종자를 가진 genotype를 선발하기 위해서 큰 잎을 가진 genotype의 선발은 효과적인 수단이 될 것으로 보인다.