• 아동학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.119-135
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• 2009

This study investigated how perceived social support, self-esteem and parenting attitudes of mothers relates to children's social competence and explored the mediating role of parenting attitudes in multicultural families. Participants were 67 immigrant women and their children aged 4-6. Instruments were the Social Support Scale (Park, 1985), Maternal Behavior Instrument (Lee, 1986), Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and Social Competence Scale (Doh & Falbo, 1994). Data were analyzed by Pearson's Correlation and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicated that social support perceived by mothers related positively to their self-esteem and positive parenting, and to children's social competence. Mothers' self-esteem related positively to their positive parenting and to children's social competence. Maternal parenting behavior mediated the effects of social support and self-esteem on children's social competence.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.189-201
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to validate the KMBI(Korean Maternal Behavior Inventory). Subjects were 1179 mothers of 4th-6th graders in the elementary schools from 5 small and medium cities and 5 urban cities in Korea. Pearson's γ, Cronbach's α, Cramer'sν, one-way ANOVA were conducted for the statistical analyses. The major findings were as follows. 1. The reliability coefficient of the scale (α) were ranged 0.62-0.79 and 0.70-0.82. 2. The discriminant coefficients(ν)of the item were ranged 0.40-0.83. 3. By the analysis of multitrait-multimethod matrix, convergent validity coefficients(γ) were ranged 0.28-0.66: and discriminant validity coefficients(γ) were ranged 0.28-0.66. 4. Significant sex differences were found in the scores of Affection, Overprotection, Achievement, and Achieve Involvement: significant SES differences were found in the scores of Reasoning Guidance, Affection, Overprotection, Achievement, & Active Involvement: and significant region differences were found in the scores of Authoritarian Control and Achievement.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.67-78
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• 1998

The purpose of this study were 1) to examine the effect of the socio-demographic variables on the adolescent's aggressiveness and victimization, 2)to find the relation among maternal behaviors adolescent's self-esteem aggressive-ness and victimization 3) to analyze the influences of these variables on adolescent's aggressiveness. The subjects were 478 boys and girls attending at junior/middle school in kwang-ju city. Statistics used for data analysis were frequencies means standard deviation Perason's correlation, F-test stepwise multiple regression analysis, major findings were as follows; 1. There were significant differences in Adolescent's aggression and victimiza-tion due to the sex of adolescents and school achievement. 2. There were significant relationships among maternal behaviors adolescents' self-esteem aggression and victimization. 3. The variables influencing adolescent's aggression were maternal authoritarian behavior school achievement the sex of adolescent self esteem and victimization.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

Purpose: To examine whether three, specific maternal and paternal parenting are associated with school bullying. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted among 1585 seventh and eighth-grade students in two middle schools participated in the study between 2000 and 2001. The instruments were the Korean Peer Nomination and Childrearing Behavior Questionnaire (measuring three dimension of parenting practice: Warmth/acceptance, rejection/restriction, and permissiveness-nonintervention). Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The ORs of perpetrator with maternal rejection/restriction parenting was 1.065 (confidence interval: 1.008~1.126). Conclusion: Adolescents who were experiencing maternal rejection/restriction was at significantly increased risk for being perpetrators. Development of preventive and intervention programs with the goal of improving parenting skills may help to reduce adolescent school bullying.

• 아동학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-132
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• 1998

The present study investigated the construction of the moral concepts of 3-, 4-, and 5- year old Korean children. Instruments were the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument by Schaefer for mother and feather nurturing attitudes, and the Domain Distinctiveness Model for children's moral judgments. Maternal and teacher attitudes were categorized by the affection-rejection factor consisting of affection-affection, affection-rejection, rejection-affection, and rejection-rejection dimensions, and by the permissive, -control factor consisting of permissive-permissive, permissive-control, control-permissive, and control-control dimension. Children's data were collected with an individualized interview in which children were asked to judge moral and social conventional transgression events. 30 children were assigned to each of the maternal/teacher attitude dimensions; thus, there were 120 children for each factor. Results showed that (1) the affection-affection cohort was must strongly related to moral rules using both the seriousness criterion and deserved punishment criterion, and (2) the permissive-permissive cohort was most strongly related to reasoning and action. However, this cohort did not break out of children's structural limitation (limited responses to the intangible).

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

This study examined effects of children's emotionality and emotion regulation, and maternal parenting behaviors on children's peer competence. Subjects were 222 4- and 5-year-olds children and their mothers. Classroom teachers rated each child's peer competence and emotion regulation; mothers responded to questionnaires on their child's emotionality and on their own parenting behavior. Results of this study were : (1) children's positive and negative emotionality and emotion regulation influenced children's peer competence. (2) Mother's warm and encouraging behaviors were also associated with children's peer competence. (3) Children's emotion regulation rather than negative emotion and mother's warm and encouraging behaviors predicted peer competence. Child characteristics were stronger predictors than parenting behaviors.

• 아동학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2000

This study investigated the development of infant behaviors and maternal scaffolding in mother-infant games. Subjects were 60 mothers and their 9-, 12-, 15- and 18-month infants, 15 dyads in each age group. Mother-infant interaction was videotaped in the laboratory as they played peek-a-boo and a ball game in 2 sessions. Infant game behaviors were classified by the Rome-Flanders, Cossette, Ricard and $D{\acute{e}}carie$(1995) list, and maternal game behaviors were classified by the Hodapp, Goldfield & Boyatzis(1984) list. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, sequential analysis and Z test as well as qualitative analysis. Results showed that infants played an increasingly active role with age. Infants mastered the ball game at earlier age than peek-a-boo. Mothers scaffolded infant behaviors in various ways. The amount of maternal game behavior varied by type of game.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.809-816
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal nutritional status and health behaviors on the concentrations of minerals (Zn, Fe, Ca) and the immunological substances (lactoferrin, sIgA, Iysozyme) in breast milk. Breast milk was collected from 193 healthy Korean women from obstetric clinics and postpartum care centers in Seoul. : 99 colostrum (1 - 5 days postpartum), 33 transitional milk (6 - 10 days postpartum), 61 mature milk (11 - 50 days postpartum). The concentrations of minerals and immunological substance were highest in colostrum and decreased with lactational period. Concentrations of Zn and Fe reduced significantly from colostrum to mature milk, however, Ca concentration stayed constant throughout the lactational period. Contents of lactoferrin, sIgA, and lysozyme were significantly lower in mature milk than in colostrum. Mother's nutritional status, assessed by prepregnancy BMI, had an effect only on colostrum, but not on transition and mature milk. Fe concentration of colostrum was significantly lower in underweight (prepregnancy BMI < 18.5) than in overweight mothers (prepregnancy BMI $\geq$ 23.0). Also lower tendency was observed for sIgA and lysozyme contents, even though the difference was not statistically significant. Pregnancy weight gain had no effect on the breast milk component. Since nutritional factors had some effect on colostrum, the health behaviors of mothers providing colostrum were assessed. The mother's behavior of smoking, drinking, morning sickness, parity, disease, nutrient supplement use had no significant effect on the breast milk component, however, Zn, sIgA, and lysozyme were the somewhat affected components by maternal health behavior.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2010

Purpose: In this study differences in behavioral problems between children at risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and normally developing children were identified. Further, relationships between parental stress, depression, and child behavioral problems according to ADHD symptoms were explored. Methods: Participants were 222 elementary school children and their parents. The ADHD risk group was determined by the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale. Data were collected using the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale, Korean version of Child Behavior CheckList (K-CBCL), Parenting Stress Index, and Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and regression analysis. Results: 1) The ADHD risk group showed higher levels of behavioral problems, parenting stress, and maternal depression than the normal group. 2) There were significant relationships between ADHD scores and parenting stress (r=.66), maternal depression (r=.35), internal behavioral problems (r=.47), and external problems (r=.55), but, ADHD risk scores were negatively correlated with social competence (r=-.40). 3) The regression analysis revealed that ADHD levels affected the child's internal behavioral problems, mediated by maternal depression ($\beta$=.29, p<.001). Conclusion: The study results show that higher risk scores for ADHD indicate a significant effect for behavioral problems. Also, parenting stress and depression influence child's behavioral problems. These results suggest that identification of children at risk for ADHD and development of parental education programs would contribute to the prevention of behavioral problems and aggravation of the ADHD symptoms.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.188-204
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• 2018

본 연구는 아시아계와 남미계 미국인 이민자 엄마의 언어 사용과 학령 전 아동의 학교준비도 사이의 관계를 규명하려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 미국 교육부에서 구축한 전국적 대표성을 지니는 출생 코호트 자료에서 이민자 엄마의 자녀 약 1,500명을 대상으로 중다회귀분석 방법을 활용하여 분석을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아시아계와 남미계 집단 모두에게서 이민자 엄마가 모국어를 사용하는 경우보다 영어만 사용하거나 영어와 모국어를 함께 사용하는 경우에 자녀의 표현적 언어 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아시아계 이민자 엄마가 모국어를 사용하는 경우보다 영어만 사용하거나 영어와 모국어를 함께 사용하는 경우 자녀의 친사회적 행동에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 영어와 모국어를 함께 사용하는 이민자 엄마의 미국 내 거주기간이 길수록 자녀의 학습 접근과 행동 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 이민자 가정의 학령 전 아동의 발달을 도울 수 있는 개입 방안에 대해서 논의하였다.