• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.681-686
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• 2010

Purpose: Obese proportion is increasing universally, estimating more than a billion. So reducing the weight became one of the topic in medical market. Not only diet, exercise, medication, but also many surgical procedures are being developed, such as sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery. After massive weight loss, skin excess and laxity occurs, leading to unsatisfying body contour. Body contouring surgery including abdominoplasty, breast reduction is performed when skin excess is present in abdomen and breast. When skin excess is present circumferentially, belt dermolipectomy is the treatment of choice. Methods: A 23-year-old man had weight gain since he was 12 of age. A year before visiting to our department, his height was 168 cm, weight was 150 kg and body mass index (BMI) was 53.15 kg/$m^2$. The patient lost 55 kg of his weight through exercise and diet control. When he visited again, his weight was 95 kg and BMI was 33.66 kg/$m^2$. In physical examination, skin excess and laxity was seen in both breast and abdomen circumferentially and lateral folds were seen in the back. Abdominal contour deformity (Pitman classification type 6) and pseudogynecomastia (grade 3) were present in both breast. Belt dermolipectomy of abdomen, both breast and lateral folds was performed, resecting 6,400 g of tissue and additive 1,200 g through revisional operation. Results: The patient lost 6,500g of his weight and BMI reduced by 2.3 kg/$m^2$. The patient's hospital course was uneventful during 5 weeks of hospitalization and he was satisfied with his final body contour. Conclusion: Body contouring with belt dermolipectomy in patient who has circumferential skin excess and laxity after massive weight loss can be a treatment of choice.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2022

Background Massive weight loss (MWL) is a very common presentation that you may face as a plastic surgeon. Each patient has his own individual criteria, so, you should work according to a well-organized plan, especially when such cases have concerns about their gluteal area contour that were neglected before by many surgeons. A decision-making strategy was used to give a personalized treatment for targeting gluteal region reshaping of MWL patients. Methods This study considered all patients with MWL subjected to buttock reshaping. There was no randomization in treatment; there was a case-by-case assessment. We analyzed the features of the buttocks, the type of surgery performed, the outcomes, and the complications. Results Fifty two patients were included (41 females and 11 males), ages ranged between 21 and 66 years. Demographic data, preoperative body mass index (BMI), duration of surgery, type of surgery, and postoperative complications were collected. Statistically significant improvements were observed in gluteal ptosis and patient satisfaction grades. Conclusion Aesthetic improvement of the buttocks involves either augmentation or contouring that may be obtained by liposculpture, surgical lifting, or combination. Patients with MWL have high expectations and are often treated with multiple procedures. Thus, an easy strategic approach personalized on each patient to treat multiple adjacent areas in one operation is necessary. Adipose tissue distribution, gluteal skin status, and BMI were the main factors that can forcefully affect our plan to guarantee reduction of unpleasant results and complications and improve patient satisfaction.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.2797-2820
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• 2015

In order to accommodate huge number of antennas in a limited antenna size, a large scale antenna array is expected to have a three dimensional (3D) array structure. By using the Active Antenna Systems (AAS), the weights of the antenna elements arranged vertically could be configured adaptively. Then, a degree of freedom (DOF) in the vertical plane is provided for system design. So the three-dimension MIMO (3D MIMO) could be realized to solve the actual implementation problem of the massive MIMO. However, in 3D massive MIMO systems, the pilot contamination problem studied in 2D massive MIMO systems and the inter-cell interference as well as inter-vertical sector interference in 3D MIMO systems with vertical sectorization exist simultaneously, when the number of antenna is not large enough. This paper investigates the interference management towards the above challenges in 3D massive MIMO systems. Here, vertical sectorization based on vertical beamforming is included in the concerned systems. Firstly, a cooperative joint vertical beams adjustment and pilot assignment scheme is developed to improve the channel estimation precision of the uplink with pilots being reused across the vertical sectors. Secondly, a downlink interference coordination scheme by jointly controlling weight vectors and power of vertical beams is proposed, where the estimated channel state information is used in the optimization modelling, and the performance loss induced by pilot contamination could be compensated in some degree. Simulation results show that the proposed joint optimization algorithm with controllable vertical beams' weight vectors outperforms the method combining downtilts adjustment and power allocation.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.352-358
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• 2022

Text mining is an important process used for analyzing the data collected from different sources like videos, audio, social media, and so on. The tools like Natural Language Processing (NLP) are mostly used in real-time applications. In the earlier research, text mining approaches were implemented using long-short memory (LSTM) networks. In this paper, text mining is performed using average-stochastic gradient descent weight-dropped (AWD)-LSTM techniques to obtain better accuracy and performance. The proposed model is effectively demonstrated by considering the internet movie database (IMDB) reviews. To implement the proposed model Python language was used due to easy adaptability and flexibility while dealing with massive data sets/databases. From the results, it is seen that the proposed LSTM plus weight dropped plus embedding model demonstrated an accuracy of 88.36% as compared to the previous models of AWD LSTM as 85.64. This result proved to be far better when compared with the results obtained by just LSTM model (with 85.16%) accuracy. Finally, the loss function proved to decrease from 0.341 to 0.299 using the proposed model

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2014

Background As the obese population increases in Korea, the number of patients who are trying to lose weight has been increasing steadily. In these patients, skin laxity and deformation of the body contour occurs, which could possibly be corrected by various body contouring surgeries. Here, we introduce the brachioplasty method and our experience of various body contouring surgeries performed in our center. Methods From November 2009 to August 2011, five cases of brachioplasty were performed. When the patient presented with sagging of the lateral inframammary crease and bat wing deformity in the axilla, extended brachioplasty was performed; in this case, the deformation of the axilla and lateral chest was corrected at the same time. A traditional brachioplasty was performed when contouring was needed only for skin laxity in the upper arm. Results Complications, such as hematomas or nerve injuries, were not evident. Some patients experienced partial wound dehiscence due to tension or hypertrophic scars found during the follow-up. In general, all of the patients were satisfied with the improvement in their upper arm contour. Conclusions Given the demands for body contouring surgery, the number of brachioplasty surgical procedures is expected to increase significantly, with abdominoplasty comprising a large portion of these surgeries. For the brachioplasty procedure, preparation and preoperative consultation regarding design of the surgery by experienced surgeons was important to prevent complications such as nerve damage or hematoma formation.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 1992

We experienced a case of primary hepatic actinomycosis which was initially diagnosed by means of fine needle aspiration. The patient was a 31-year-old emaciated man with a 2-month history of 10 kg weight loss, right upper quadrant pain and flank pain. The liver was palpable and tender on physical examination. Computerized tomography scan of the liver showed two ill-defined hypodense masses in gallbladder fossa and inferior pole of right lobe. Hepatocellular carcinoma was clinically suspected. A CT-guided fine needle aspiration was peformed. Microscopically, smears showed numerous radiating clusters of filamentous bacteria with many neutrophils and monocytes in necrotic background. The symptoms were improved by incision and drainage and massive administration of penicillin.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2009

The STS304 stainless steel was oxidized isothermally and cyclically at temperatures between 1050 and $1200^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr in air. During isothermal oxidation, it displayed good oxidation resistance at $1050^{\circ}C$. However, it suffered from breakaway oxidation above $1100^{\circ}C$, being accompanied with internal oxidation. During cyclic oxidation, it also displayed good oxidation resistance at $1050^{\circ}C$, but it suffered from massive weight loss above $1125^{\circ}C$. The oxide scales formed consisted primarily of $Fe_2O_3$, $Fe_3O_4$ with and without $Cr_2O_3$. They were generally non-adherent.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.549-553
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• 2022

Chylothorax is a rare disease and massive lymph fluid loss can cause life-threatening condition such as severe malnutrition, weight loss, and impaired immune system. If untreated, mortality rate of chylothorax can be up to 50%. This is a case report of a 3-year-old child with iatrogenic chylothorax. Despite conservative treatment and procedures, like perm catheter insertion, the patient failed to improve the respiratory symptoms over 3 months of period. As an alternative to surgical option, such as pleurodesis and thoracic duct ligation which has high complication rate, the patient underwent lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) and lymph node to vein anastomosis (LNVA). Follow-up at fourth month showed clear lungs without breathing difficulty despite perm catheter removal. This is the first report to show the effectiveness of LVA and LNVA against iatrogenic chylothorax.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 1992

From April 1977 to March 1991, 44 patients have undergone excision of intracardiac myx-omas, 36 cases were located in the left atrium[81.6%], 3 cases in the right atrium[6.6%], 2 cases in the right ventricle[4.5%], 3 cases in the left ventricle[6.6%], There were 32 female and 12 male. The mean age of patients was 39.6$\pm$12.3 years[ranged 11 to 67 years]. The major preoperative symptoms included exertional dyspnea in 35[79.6%], palpitation in 23[52.3%], syncopal episodes in 9[20.4%], and signs of systemic illness; low-grade fever, weight loss, arthralgia, headache and so on. The diagnosis was made by echocardiography alone in 7[15.9%], and by combination of angiography and echocardiography in 37[84.1%]. The weight of the tumor ranged from 15 to 115gm[mean weight, 47.6$\pm$27.6gm], and the volum of the tumor was 129.1cm3[$\pm$149.0]. Follow-up time ranged from 0.6 to 9 years[mean follow-up, 65$\pm$3.22 years]. There were no early and late deaths during the follow-up period. Tumor recurred in one patient with left atrial myxoma 8 years later, who underwent successful reoperation. Postoperative complications occurred in 12 patients: episodes of sup-raventricular arrhythmia in 7, convulsion in 2, wound problem in 2, tricuspid valve regurgitation in 1, massive bleeding in 1, and intubation granuloma in one. In conclusion, surgical excision of the myxoma can be considered curative with excellent long-term result.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.360-366
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• 1996

Pure primary hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma in adult is very uncommon. There have been only five previous case of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the adult liver. A case of hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma was diagnosed in a 52 year-old female. She was admitted to the hospital due to the epigastric pain and weight loss. A CT scan of the abdomen showed a large hypodense mass with focal calcification occupies most of the both lobes of the liver. The liver biopsy showed massive liver tumor composed entirely of oval shaped cells showing light microscopic and immunohistochemical evidence of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. We report a case of hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma with review of literature.