• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2002

The modern society is changed into mass production, complicated circulation society and mass consuming society because of the development of the fast science technology since the occurrence of the industrial revolution. Also, the human life style is changed into the abundant consumption society because of the appearance of the various products. The society change like the above provide comfortable life to us. but We are facing with danger for the bad food, illegal medicines and bad products. So, To solve the danger like the above, The Product Reliability Law be made. The both The enterprise and consumer need The Product Reliability Law to protect one's own interest. The consumer is claiming to use the product of safety of the resonable price and good quality in modern society, So, 1 studied on countermeasures of domestic enterprise to increase the competitive power of the enterprise according to Product Reliability Law

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.227-230
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• 2006

The method of mass flow rate measurement using a critical nozzle is well established in the flow satisfying ideal gas law. However, in the case of measuring high-pressure gas flow, the current method shows invalid discharge coefficient because the flow does not follow ideal gas law. Therefore an appropriate equation of state considering real gas effects should be applied into the method. The present computational study has been performed to give an understanding of the physics of a critical nozzle flow for high-pressure hydrogen gas and find a way for the exact mass flow prediction. The two-dimensional, axisymmetric, compressible Navier-Stokes equations are computed using a fully implicit finite volume method. The real gas effects are considered in the calculation of discharge coefficient as well as in the computation. The computational results are compared with the previous experimental data and predict well the measured mass flow rates. It has been found that the discharge coefficient for high-pressure hydrogen gas can be corrected properly adopting the real gas effects.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.2179-2186
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• 1997

In this paper, the performance of a semi-active suspension system for a passenger car has been investigated. Alternative semi-active suspensions control laws has been compared via simulations. The control laws investigated in this study are : sprung mass velocity feedback control law, sky-hook damping control law, and state feedback control law. Simulation results show that a semi-active suspension has potential to improve ride quality of automobiles.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제42권
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• pp.309-335
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• 2009

Over the last several years, regarding to the strategic items, the international community has seen governments make more formal commitments to adopt and implement effective export controls to counter the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction(WMD). United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540(that is "S/RES/1540") stands as the most important of these commitments. Many UN members already have export control laws and regulations in place to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Many members also participate in a variety of formal and informal international arrangements to coordinate their export control efforts. Nonetheless, each of these countries has its own unique legal framework for export controls. This generates considerable diversity in the construction of the specific national legal authorities. Over the last few years, however, a consensus over what constitutes the key elements of effective legal authorities for export controls has begun to emerge. Evidence for this development comes in the identification of best legal authorities or principles at several multilateral conferences on export controls.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.54.1-54.1
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• 2018

For space weather forecast, it is important to determine three-dimensional parameters of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). To estimate three-dimensional parameters of CMEs, we have developed a full ice-cream cone model which is a combination of a symmetrical flat cone and a hemisphere. By applying this model to 12 SOHO/LASCO halo CMEs, we find that three-dimensional parameters from our method are similar to those from other stereoscopic methods. For several geoeffective CME events, we determine CME mass by applying the Solarsoft procedure (e.g., cme_mass.pro) to SOHO/LASCO C3 images. CME volumes are estimated from the full ice-cream cone structure. We derive CME mean density as a function of CME height for these CMEs, which are approximately fitted to power-law functions. We find that the ICME mean densities extrapolated from the power law functions, are correlated with their corresponding ICME ones in logarithmic scales.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2021

선박을 포함한 지상, 해상, 공중의 이동체는 일반적으로 사람에 의해서 운용되고 있는데, 최근 제4차 산업혁명에 따른 자율의사결정시스템과 인공지능의 획기적 발전을 기반으로 자율 이동 개념의 무인이동체에 대한 연구개발이 전 세계적으로 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 국제해상운송에서 자율운항선박(MASS)의 상용화 실현을 앞두고 이 선박에 대한 성격 규정과 국제법적 지위에 대한 규명이 시급해졌다. 자율운항선박은 발전단계에 따라 승선원이 점차 감축되어 결국에는 완전히 무인화된 선박으로 운용될 것인데, 이 연구를 통하여 승선원이 없는 선박도 국제법상 선박으로써의 지위를 인정받을 수 있는가에 대한 쟁점 사항을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 유엔해양법협약(UNCLOS) 및 국제해사기구(IMO)의 제반 법규를 중심으로 자율운항선박은 일반선박과 동일한 국제법적 지위를 가지고 있음을 규명하고, 자율운항선박을 운용하는데 필요한 제반 국제협약의 제·개정작업에 관한 제도개선 방향과 국제법적 조치사항을 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제29권
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• pp.197-223
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• 2006

Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) is the first legislative attempt in the world that deals with transaction of digital information. This however gave rise to endless controversies and as of February 10, 2003, its life as the uniform law has expired. There are four kinds of relationships that UCITA regulates for the entities involved in information trading namely, 1) Relationship between licenser and licensee 2) The triangle relationship between dealers, end-user and publisher 3) Relationship between information right transferor and transferee 4) Relationship between financier, licenser and licensee. Amongst these, the most significant one is the triangle relationship amongst the publisher, commonly known as the licenser in the mass market, end-user and dealer. At the essence of the relationship is that the dealers is liable to refund the payment for the information regarding the end user if he/she does not agree with the publisher on the license of the common market. Looking at the relationship between license transferor and transferee, the transfer of license may be prohibited but the special contract must be conspicuously carried out. The relationship financier, licenser and licensee is unique to the United States and is rather unfamiliar to us. UCITA has been criticized for preferentially protecting the benefits of licensers especially when it comes to the specific regulations for the relationship. Therefore, it is not advisable to blindly accept UCITA regulations. However, UCITA does have components that we can utilize in formulating our own digital information trade regulations, save its proprietary nature as an American law and its preferential treatment for licensers.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.43.1-43.1
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• 2021

In this study, we suggest a new method to estimate the mass of a halo coronal mass ejection (CME) using synthetic CMEs. For this, we generate synthetic CMEs based on two assumptions: (1) the CME structure is a full ice-cream cone, (2) the CME electron density follows a power-law distribution (ρ_cme=ρ₀r^-n). The power-law exponent n is obtained by minimizing the root mean square error between the electron number density distributions of an observed CME and the corresponding synthetic CME at a position angle of the CME leading edge. By applying this methodology to 57 halo CMEs, we estimate two kinds of synthetic CME mass. One is a synthetic CME mass which considers only the observed CME region (M_cme1), the other is a synthetic CME mass which includes both the observed CME region and the occulted area larger than 4 solar radii (M_cme2). From these two cases, we derive conversion factors which are the ratio of a synthetic CME mass to an observed CME mass. The conversion factor for M_cme1 ranges from 1.4 to 3.0 and its average is 2.0. For M_cme2, the factor ranges from 1.8 to 5.0 with the average of 3.0. These results imply that the observed halo CME mass can be underestimated by about 2 times when we consider the observed CME region, and about 3 times when we consider the region including the occulted area. Interestingly these conversion factors have a very strong negative correlation with angular widths of halo CMEs.We also compare the results with the CME mass estimated from STEREO observations.

• 의료법학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.213-260
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• 2009

While the medical supplies have positive functions such as extending lifespan, recovering health, and preventing diseases, they also cause unexpected tragic consequences due to their side effects, and the magnitude of such damage inevitably increases due to the mechanism of mass production, mass distribution, and mass consumption of those medical supplies. Therefore, needless to say, the optimal way to prevent or reduce such damage is rather through medical supply manufacturers' producing non-defective products, or through the government's controlling production and sales of medical supplies with more aggressive exercise of regulatory authority on medical supply manufacturers, than through a remedy by a legal relief after using medical supplies. In this case, although the victim died due to the defect of the cold medicine, 'CONTAC 600', the drug company's responsibility to cover damages was not recognized because a defect could not be found in the then-manufacturing process. Thus, while pharmaceutical companies are gaining economic profits by producing and selling a medical supplies, if they do not take any remedy measures for the victims of their products' side effects, the victims have to use medical supplies under their own responsibility of taking a risk, and they have to accept the full damage of the potential consequence. Therefore, to remove such absurdity and contradiction, and to practically remedy the victim of medical supplies' side effects, the pharmaceutical side effects remedy project pending in the the Drugs, Cosmetics and Medical Instruments Lawneeds to be actively implemented.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

The behavior of a jointed rock mass depends mainly on the geometrical and mechanical properties of joints. The failure mode of a rock mass and kinematics of rock blocks are governed by the orientation, spacing, and persistence of joints. The mechanical properties such as dilation angle, shear strength, maximum closure, strength of asperities and friction coeffiient play important roles on the stability and deformation of the rock mass. The normal and shear behaviour of a joint are coupled due to dilation, and the joint deformation depends also on the boundary conditions such as stiffness conditons. In this paper, the joint constitutive law including the dilatant behaviour of a joint is numerically modelled using the edge-to-edge contact logic in distinct element method. Also, presented is the method to quantify the input parameters used in the joint law. The results from uniaxial compression and direct shear tests using the numeical model of the single joint were compared to the analytic results from them. The boundary effect on the behaviour of a joint is verified by comparing the results of direct shear test under constant stress boundary condition with those under constant stiffness boundary condition. The numerical model developed is applied to a complex jointed rock mass to examine its performance and to evaluate the effect of joint dilation on tunnel stability.