• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.19-19
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• 2020

The Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tropical root crop, originally from Amazonia, that provides the staple food of an estimated 800 million people worldwide. It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which also includes rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and castor bean (Ricinus communis). Among tropical crops, rice, sugarcane, maize and cassava are the most important sources of calories for human consumption. Problems in the propagation of cassava are virus diseases and low rates of seed germination. So we tried to optimize protocols for mass production of somatic embryo amenable to large-scale vegetative propagation of Cassava. After in vitro eight-week culture of leaves of Cassava, the medium which contained the 2,4-D, BAP and IBA showed the highest callus induction rate, embryogenesis callus formation rate and somatic embryo formation in Cassava culture. In the medium with GA₃ and myo-inositol, shoots were most vigorously regenerated from somatic embryos of Cassava. Our experiments confirmed that in vitro growth and multiplication of plantlets could depend on its reaction to the different medium composition, and this micropropagation techniques could be a useful system for healthy and vigorous plant production.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.411-422
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is twofold : (i) to investigate how much effort the married couples are making for the good health of both the pregnant woman and her unborn child from the time of their marriage to and during the period of conception : and (ii) to comprehensive investigate socio-cultural back-grounds which affect prenatal effort. Result of this study provide a basis for the prenatal care program which will be appropriate to our culture. This study has been done by the ethnographic research method. The subjects of this study are 53 people in all consisting of 33 pregnant women and 20 husbands. In order to investigate socio-cultural factors which influence Taegyo, producers of Taegyo music were interviewed. In addition the researcher surveyed the markets of Taegyo music, participated in special courses of prenatal education, analyzed the content of the books and periodicals dealing with Taegyo, and collected the concept of Taegyo distributed by the mass media. The full-fledged study continued for eight months from February to August.1996. The data were analyzed as soon as they were collected. Spradly's(1979, 1980) developmental, sequential method of domain analysis. taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and theme analysis in this order was adopted as the procedure of analyzing the data. To obtain the exactness of study, Sandelowski's (1986) four criteria, that is, Credibility, Fittingness, Auditability, and Confirmability were applied to all stages of data collection, data analysis, the interpretation of the result, and the description of the result. The following are the result : 1. The couples' Taegyo at the stage of preconception was related to their physical, psychological, spiritual conditions under which a healthy baby will be born. Specific methods they prefer are : "the choice of one's spouse." "physical check-up," "physical good health, " "praying, " and so on. 2. When the marriod couple have sex in order to conceive, their Taegyo was related to the imposition of their physical, psychological, and environmental conditions. Specific methods they prefer are : "having sex at specific time, " "having sex in nice place." "to purify their minds while having sex," and so on. 3. The married couples' Taegyo while they are in pregnancy was related to the imposition of their physical. psychological, emotionmental. environmental, social and spiritual conditions. Specific methods they prefer are : "listening to music. " "reading," "looking at beautiful things only," "to avoid looking at or listening to bad things." "to eat food in good shape, " "to avoid drugs," "eating Korean herbal medicine." "sexual abstinence," "to avoid dangerous places," "to keep emotional tranquility," "moderate exercises and rest." "leading a pure life." "praying." "being aware of their words and behavior." "for the couple to keep a good relationship." "interaction with their unborn child," "to support Taegyo for pregnant women," and so on. 4. The married couple put Taegyo into practice on the basis of the following principles : the principle of respecting an unborn child, the principle of forming a good disposition. the principle of top-down parental love, the principle of synergy between a pregnant woman and her unborn child, the principle of expecting a good child, the principle of forming a good habit, and the principle of acquiring a parental role. 5. The practice of Taegyo is influenced by such factors as the married couple, the supporting system, and the mass media. As the husband -and-wife factor, their information of Taegyo, the degree of importance is assigned to their characters, their time to spare, their healthiness, the age of pregnant woman, their conception plan, their religion, their belief of the Taegyo effects, and the birth of a baby in this order. The factor of the supporting system consists of her husband's support, her family support, and her neighbor's support. The mass media factors include the broadcasting media, books specialized in Taegyo, periodicals for pregnant women, booklets for advertizing powdered milk, Taegyo music of record manufacturing companies, and the teaching materials for gifted children. Among these the mass media is especially taking advantage of Taegyo as its main source of economic profits are leading the public behavior pattern to a prodigal one. Taegyo is a self-control behavior which requires practice for the following : the physical and psychological good health of the pregnant woman and her unborn child, the development of the unborn child's good character, the development of the unborn child's intelligence and talents, the expectation of the unborn child's good features. shape a good habit, the expectation of the unborn child's bright future, and the learning of a parental role, the expectation of male birth. Above all it is a type of our good cultural tradition which pursues a value higher than the one that the prenatal care does. The principles of pregnancy care inherent in the habit of Taegyo will provide us a guideline for the development of the prenatal care.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.123-141
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• 2000

Facing to millenium, The new development of maritime and Fisheries education schemes will be cultivated in order to challenge global maritime nations as the new target of marine education which was established new index and problems of maritime education in place. First, The index of Marine and Fisheries education of 21st century was aimed at the spirits of expansion of territories of the era of ambassador of Jang Bo Go Sylla dynasty where marine trade had been prevailed between sylla and china leading to the spirits of marine pioneer in the northeastern Asian regions. and we must maintain the great desire and frontier spirities toward the marine industry also, adjust to the development and frontier spirits. Secondly, In order to cultivate the prominent man power for the marine industry, the government shall be specialized for the agency of marine education system, expand the educational installation, reforms the content of curriculum, to be adjust the global education system, also, enlarge the scholarship for the student, exemption tuition fees, installed the dormitory for the student, professors and teachers engaging in this parts have to lead the students with the pride and confidence and must provided the chance of job after he had completed for their on boarding life. Thirdly, for the secure responsible officer, the authorities has a schedules for enlarging the chance of studying and training also have to accumulate the practical experience and should enforce the retraining to the prof's and teachers also improve the leaders quality, on the other hand. The position of prof's and teachers will be elevated with the gaining of education philosophy and special treatment by the authorities. Fourth, to receive the positively marine industry educational system. First of all, have to provide the cooperation of industries and academy and they satisfy their job and change the their way of thinking and should notify the importance of government strategical industry by the mass-media system. Against the new marine era, we must participate the marine industry positively, have to elevate the culture of mankind and also, have provide the basement of prominent man-power for the marine industry in future.

• 디자인학연구
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• 18호
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• pp.113-121
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• 1996

현대의 소비자들은 어떤 상품을 구매할 때 상품의 효융성을 기초로한 사용가치보다 상징적, 혹은 기호적 가치에 더 열중한다. 그런 경향은 단지 상품만이 아니고 사라으 이별 등 추상적 심리에도 마찬가지로 적용되어 상품을 만드는 생산자나 상품을 팔기 위해 광고를 집행하는 송신자에게 많은 과제를 던져주고 있다. 그간의 소비자는 상품의 기능, 효율성, 가격을 요리조리 견주고 따져서 구매를 하였다. 그래서 생산자는 상품의 기능및 효능에 대하여 많은 비중을 두고 철저히 연구를 하였으며 상품의 부가가치를 올리는 디자인에는 상대적으로 적은 비중을 두었었다. 그러나'90년대 이후의 소비자는 기능, 효율성은 물론이고 그 상품과 자신과의 새로운 장면을 만들어낼 기능이외의 부가가치에 관심을 표출하기 시작했다. 그 장면 속에서 자신과 제품과 의 관계를 연출해 본 후 제품의 의미를 구매하는 것이다. 이는 상품의 부가가치 즉 외관디자인, 분위기에 많은 치중을 하고 있다는 것이다. 따라서 송신자는 소비자의 마음을 읽는 감성 마케팅 또는 감성 디자인을 하지 않으면 안되게 되었다. 이 논문에서는 시각디자인의 표현방법에 있어서 디자인 요소 즉 Typo Geaphy, 사진, 일러스트레이션, 다이아그램 등과 같은 시각적인 표현만이 아닌 소비자들의 감성기호 즉 기쁨, 즐거움, 화려함과 같은 느낌을 줄 수 있고 느끼게 할 수 있는 의미론적인 방법에 대해 서술하고 또 그방법들은 어떤 효과를 가져 오는지에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2004

지황의 부정근을 이용한 기내묘 생산 체계를 확립하였다. 먼저 지황의 잎절편을 2 mg/L IBA혹은 2mg/L NAA를 첨가한 MS고체배지에 치상하여 부정근을 유도하였다. 고체배지에서의 효율적인 증식조건을 확인하기 위해 다양한 옥신 농도에 따른 배지에 부정근을 치상하여 4주간 배양한 후 증식된 부정근의 수와 길이를 측정한 결과 2mg/L IBA조건에서 최적의 생장을 보였다. 상기실험에서 확립된 부정근 증식조건을 이용하여 액체배양을 실시하였으며, 이를 액체 현탁배양하여 액체조건에서의 증식조건을 확립하였다. 또한, 2mg/L IBA가 첨가된 1/3 MS배지 조건에서 생물반응기에 10g의 부정근을 접종하여 6주간 암배양하여 255g의 부정근을 생산할 수 있었으며, 이렇게 생산된 부정근은 2mg/L BA가 첨가된 MS 고체배지에서 신초를 유도하였다. 신초들은 모두 정상적인 생육을 보이며, 식물체로 생장하였으며, 이들 식물체들은 토양으로 옮겨 순화되었다. 따라서 이러한 증식 체계를 이용하여 지황식물체의 대량증식체계를 확립하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2015

The nature of molecular mechanisms governing embryonic cell block is largely unknown, but recent reports have demonstrated that proper execution of programmed cell death is crucial for this process. The main objective of this study is to determine effects of programmed cell death on porcine oocytes development in vitro after parthenogenesis. Among the blastocysts matured in 3MA, MAP1LC3A and ATG5 RNA gene expression level increased in the order of Cyst < 3MA < RP. However, Casp-3 and TNF-r RNA gene expression level decreased in the order of RP < 3MA < Cyst. Expression of mTOR within the RP-cultured blastocyst was the most highly to the inner cell mass, while 3MA-cultured blastocyst showed very lowest expression in inner cell mass. The expression of mTOR showed a pattern opposite to that of MAP1LC3A. That is, its expression was the lowest in Cyst group. When the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was assessed in culture, the level of active MMP-9 was higher expression in the medium of each RP treatment group, with the level of another treatment group being relatively higher. Analyses of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 revealed that their expression was higher in groups that did not receive RP treatment. More specifically, the level of TIMP-2 was not affected by Cyst treatment, while the level of TIMP-3 was higher in 3MA and RP treatment group. There was highly cell division activation efficiency of parthenogenesis on cultured system of RP supplement IVC medium. Therefore, these results suggest that embryo development was significantly increased in conditional culture medium with active autophagy as compared to common cultured condition. Further investigation of this distinction may enable the development of innovative improvements for the production of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

고구마 품종 '율미'의 정단분열조직을 배양하여 얻은 무병주를 대량증식하여 농가에 보급할 수 있는 고품질 종묘의 생산체계를 확립하기 위해 외마디배양 시 기내증식에 미치는 효과적인 pH 농도, 당의 함량 및 마디의 위치에 따른 생장반응을 조사하였다. 고구마 마디배양에 있어서 pH범위는 비교적 넓은 것으로 보이지만, 유식물체의 생육에 가장 효과적인 pH는 4.8로 나타났다. 당의 함량이 6∼8%인 배지에서 식물체의 초장, 근장, 마디수, 엽면적, 생체중 및 건물중 등 생장반응이 가장 양호하였고 당의 함량이 6∼8%보다 낮거나 높으면 비례적인 감소를 보였다. 정단분열조직을 포함하는 마디의 생장반응만이 다른 마디를 배양한 결과보다 양호하였고 그 외의 마디 배양간에는 큰 차이가 없었으므로 대량생산의 경우 경정조직을 포함한 마디를 제외하고 배양하면 균일한 묘를 동시에 대량으로 확보할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 고구마 외마디 배양을 통한 기내증식에 있어서 배지의 pH 농도는 4.8, sugar 함량은 6∼8%에서 가장 효과적이었고, 마디위치에 따른 배양에서는 생장점을 포함한 첫 번째 마디의 생육이 가장 우수하였으며, 그 외의 마디간에 생장반응은 큰 차이가 없었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.315-328
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the problems arising from the actual conditions of the Foodbank, and to implement the HACCP system as a solution in terms of increasing the safety of donated food within the Foodbank. In order to apply HACCP system, the entire Foodbank working process such as preparation, collection, transportation, division, and distribution was considered and analyzed to decide the application point for CCPs. Donated foods mainly consisted of processed foods, raw materials, lunch boxes, and cooked foods from mass catering establishments, which dominated over the others in terms of quantity. Cooked foods were divided into three groups based on menu-types and processing methods. Temperature, pH, and aw were measured on cooked foods, and Total Plate Count, Coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 were conducted in order to apply a HACCP plan. From these experiments, temperature, pH, and $a_w$ of donated food were likely contributed to microbial growth. Donated foods before HACCP implementation showed high numbers in terms of total plate count and Coliforms, both well over the acceptable standard levels. By setting the CCPs on maintenance of donated food below $10^{\circ}C$ and using a $75^{\circ}C$ reheating method, microbiological hazard levels were able to be controlled and lowered. From these results, it is concluded that in order to guarantee food safety, foods donated to the Foodbank must not only maintain a reasonable level of initial microbiological growth, but also must be handled properly through time and temperature controls within the Foodbank system. Furthermore, in terms of implementing the HACCP plan within the Foodbank management structure, basic food safety and sanitation measures, such as reheating facilities and various cold chain systems such as refrigerated vehicle for food transportation are importantly needed. The training and education of Foodbank personnel and management in areas such as awareness of hygiene and safe food handling and practice are also required and necessary.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.487-492
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• 1999

One of effective utilization method of rice husk is to utilize it as culture material by carbonizing the rice husk. As a second part of a series to investigate the effective and continuous production of carbonized rice husk by a cyclone combustor, a non-slagging vertical cyclone combustor without vortex collector pocket was introduced. Isothermal and mixed firing with LPG and rice husk were undertaken in order to characterize the system. Inert rice husk was used during the isothermal test to find mass of rice husk collected. It was impossible to ignite rice husk itself over the experimental conditions considered in this experiment. Cyclone combustor was operated at temperatures of 1,273~1,473K. Detailed combustion data were obtained from a pilot unit with the air flow rate of 70m$^3$/h and rice husk feed of 2kg. The equivalence ratio ranged from 0.66 to 3.48. The auxiliary gas flow rate was varied from 3.22 to 12.86$\ell$/min. The weight reduction, pH and particle size distribution of carbonized rice husk were measured to evaluate the quality of carbonized rice husk. An analysis of exhaust gas emission was conducted to characterize the combustor. The required carbonized rice husk could be obtained at equivalence ratio of 1.68~2.17, combustor temperature of 1,273~1,373K and auxiliary gas flow rate of 3.22~6.43$\ell$/min. A method to reduce CO emissions should be employed.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2020

Osteoclasts are hematopoietic-derived cells that resorb bone. They are required to maintain proper bone homeostasis and skeletal strength. Although osteoclast differentiation depends on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation, additional molecules further contribute to osteoclast maturation. Here, we demonstrate that protocadherin-7 (Pcdh7) regulates formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and contributes to maintenance of bone homeostasis. We found that Pcdh7 expression is induced by RANKL stimulation, and that RNAi-mediated knockdown of Pcdh7 resulted in impaired formation of osteoclasts. We generated Pcdh7-deficient mice and found increased bone mass due to decreased bone resorption but without any defect in bone formation. Using an in vitro culture system, it was revealed that formation of multinucleated osteoclasts is impaired in Pcdh7-deficient cultures, while no apparent defects were observed in differentiation and function of Pcdh7-deficient osteoblasts. Taken together, these results reveal an osteoclast cell-intrinsic role for Pcdh7 in maintaining bone homeostasis.