• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.571-583
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic properties of causality and asymmetric price transmission in the distributional channel of the tomato market in Korea. Using the wholesale and retail price series of the tomato market, we obtain the following results. First, the price transmission mechanism reveals the causal relationship channeling from the wholesale price to the retail price. Second, we find an asymmetric price transmission from the analysis using the threshold partial adjustment model. The retail price responds strongly when the wholesale price increases. On the other hand, the retail price shows sluggish adjustment when the wholesale price decreases.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.187-224
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 담합의 경제분석에서 고려해야 할 쟁점들을 논의한 후, 이러한 쟁점들을 반영한 방법론을 특정 수송용 연료시장의 분석에 적용하였다. 가상 경쟁가격과 과잉징수를 산정하는 5가지 방법 중 표준시장비교방법에 기반한 회귀분석방법이 최선이다. 수송용 연료시장에서와 같이 국제가격과 환율이 국내가격에 영향을 미치는 제품의 실거래가격을 분석하는 경우 논리에 부합하면서 유연한 함수형태는 로그-로그 함수형태이다. 경제분석의 대상이 되는 자료가 시계열자료인 경우에 ARDL 모형을 시장별 회귀분석모형의 근간으로 채택하는 것이 필요하며, 표준시장비교방법에 기반한 회귀분석방법에서는 구성 회귀식 간에 모수제약이 포함된 ARDL 회귀식 체계를 구축하고 system FGLS로 추정하여야 한다. Friedman 동질성 검정을 통하여 표준시장 여부를 판별할 수 있다. 통계적 유의성은 불확실성 하에서 입증하고자 하는 명제를 확립하는데 요구되는 최소의 요건이다. 담합관련 소송의 경제분석에서는 민감도 분석은 그다지 유용성이 없으며, 최적모형 선별과정이 더 중요한 절차이다. 위 방법론을 특정 수송용 연료시장의 분석에 적용한 결과, 해당 시장에서는 담합에 기인하는 손해액이 없다는 귀무가설을 기각할 수 없었다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1480-1491
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• 2015

In new deregulated electricity market, short-term price forecasting is key information for all market players. A better forecast of market-clearing price (MCP) helps market participants to strategically set up their bidding strategies for energy markets in the short-term. This paper presents a new prediction strategy to improve the need for more accurate short-term price forecasting tool at spot market using an artificial neural networks (ANNs). To build the forecasting ANN model, a three-layered feedforward neural network trained by the improved Levenberg-marquardt (LM) algorithm is used to forecast the locational marginal prices (LMPs). To accurately predict LMPs, actual power generation and load are considered as the input sets, and then the difference is used to predict price differences in the spot market. The proposed ANN model generalizes the relationship between the LMP in each area and the unconstrained MCP during the same period of time. The LMP calculation is iterated so that the capacity between the areas is maximized and the mechanism itself helps to relieve grid congestion. The addition of flow between the areas gives the LMPs a new equilibrium point, which is balanced when taking the transfer capacity into account, LMP forecasting is then possible. The proposed forecasting strategy is tested on the spot market of the Nord Pool. The validity, the efficiency, and effectiveness of the proposed approach are shown by comparing with time-series models

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.199-216
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to study the efficiency of the Internet market, not provided to consumers by the existing traditional market. This research examines whether consumers properly understand the efficiency of the Internet market. The result from consumers perception on the efficiencies in the two market are as follows. First, consumers perceived the traditional market as having more product alternatives compared to the Internet market. Second, consumers perceived that the Internet market was more efficient in price dispersion and price change Third, the Internet market was considered more efficient in searching and travel time, and in the search cost. Finally, the traditional market was considered as a better provider of the information about product function, feature, reality, usage and service compared to the Internet market. On the contrary, the Internet market turned out to be more effective in providing product information, price information and trading information compared to the traditional market. Therefore consumers perceived the traditional market of having more information.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2005

At present Cournot model is one of the most commonly used theories to analyze the gaming situation in oligopoly market. But there exist several problems to apply this model to electricity market. The representative one is to obtain the inverse demand curve able to be induced from the relationship between market price and demand response. In Cournot model, each player offers their generation quantity to accomplish maximum profit, which is accomplished by reducing their quantity compared with available total capacity. As stated above, to obtain the probable Cournot equilibrium to reflect real market situation, we have to induce the correct demand function first of all. Usually the correlation between price and demand appears on the long-term basis through the statistical data analysis (for example, regression analysis) or by investigating consumer utility functions of several consumer groups classified as residential, industrial, and commercial. However, the elasticity has a tendency to change continuously according to the total market demand size or the level of market price. Therefore it should be updated as trading period passes by. In this paper we propose a method for inducing and updating this price elasticity of demand function for more realistic market equilibrium.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2008

Market segmentation is a key strategic factor in increasing the expected profits, especially in the practice of revenue management. A manufacturing firm should manage both manufacturing quantities and pricing decisions over its segmented markets to maximize the expected profits, setting different price for each different segment. Also, market segments should be kept separate in order to prevent demand leakages between different market segments. In fact, even though the markets for different products are firmly segmented, it is not easy to keep separate segmentation because many products might be substitutable by customer buying behavior. That is, customers respond to price changes by purchasing other market's products instead of purchasing the originally requested products, which causes demand substitution effect ; This kind of substitution is referred to as price-driven substitution. Therefore, decisions on optimal prices should take into account the differences in customers' valuation of the different products. We consider a deterministic model for deciding optimal prices in the presence of price-driven substitution, and we compare both symmetrical-and asymmetrical-type demand substitutions between two segmented markets. The objective of this study is to develop analytical and numerical models to examine the impact of price-driven substitution on the optimal price levels and the total expected profits.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate the effects of market commonality and resource similarity on price competition and the recursive consequences in the Korean lodging market. Price comparison among hotels in the same geographic market has been facilitated through the development of information technology, rendering little search cost of consumers. While the literature implies the heterogeneous price attack and response among hotels, a limited number of empirical researches focus on the asymmetric and recursive pattern in the competitive dynamics. This study empirically examines the price interactions in the Korean lodging market based on the theoretical framework of competitive price interactions and countervailing power. Demonstrating superiority to the spatial lag model and the ordinary least squares in the estimation, the results from spatial error model suggest that the hotels with longer operational history pose an asymmetric impact on the price of the newer hotels. The asymmetry is also found in chain hotels over the independent, further implying the possibility of predatory pricing. The findings of this study provide the evidence of a hierarchical structure in the price competition, with different countervailing power by the resources of the hotels. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed, with suggestions for future study.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.805-810
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• 1998

In this paper we set the stock price model in security market when the price process is a continuous semartingale and find a unigue solution of price process model.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.67-90
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• 1996

As an important factor of capitalism economics, price of commodities represents a certain country's economic index. For having correct price policy, there should be an appropriate mechanism to make and use systematic statistical data on price. Price statistics are made by indexes and price indexes are categorized into producer price index(PPI) and consumer price index(CPI). The Bank of Korea is publishing producer price index every year, but the producer price index contains some problems. These include as follows : (a) the impractical selection of fisheries products sample (b) uncorrect measure of aquatic products weights (c) investigating sample places. This study try to substitute producer price index of aquatic products and change construction of fisheries producer price index with experimental research on representative fisheries, weight of each fisheries, and suitability of investigating sample places. It is possible to improve practical fisheries producer price index with the results of this research. The findings are as follow. (a) It will be helpful for the government to make the fisheries price policy. (b) It can be used to understand trends of accurate price and price increase of aquatic products, and it's possible to compare with it other industrial indexes including the mining, agricultural, and manufacturing industry and understand relative price movement. (c) When free sales systems of fisheries products as expected, it will be helpful to analyze price movement of producing fisheries cooperatives, producing fisheries market and consuming fisheries market, analysis of market, and formation and consideration of budget. (d) It can be an important index to determine labor wage.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2010

Although electricity market structures may be different from each country, they have a long-term forward market and a short-term spot market in general. Particularly, a bilateral contract transacted at a long-term forward market fixes the electricity price between a genco and a customer so that the customer can avoid risk due to price-spike in the spot market. The genco also can make an efficient risk-hedging strategy through the bilateral contract. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism for deriving the optimal bilateral contract price using game theory. This mechanism can make the customer reveal his true willingness to purchase so that an adequate bilateral contract price is derived.