• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2015

Chickens are exposed to the external and internal stressors such as low and high temperature, high stocking density, feed restriction and disease. There have been a few studies on gene expressions through the investigation of chickens under direct exposure to the stress of high stocking density. The objective of the present study was to determine the expressions of genes associated with stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, lipid and glucose metabolism in two strains of chickens, Korean Native Chicken (KNC) and White Leghorn (WL), raised in high stocking density. A total of 164 chickens aged 40 weeks were randomly allotted to a $540cm^2/bird$ stocking density (control), whereas the chickens in a high density group were assigned in a $311cm^2/bird$ stocking density with feeding ad libitum for 10 weeks. Total RNA was extracted from the live for qRT-PCR. The expression levels of hsp70 and $hsp90{\alpha}$ were higher in WL subjected to stress with high stocking density compared with those genes in control (P<0.05), while the expressions of genes were not affected in KNC. ER stress marker gene XBP1 was also highly expressed in WL with stress (P<0.05), but the stress of high stocking density did not influence to ER stress marker genes in KNC. Lipid metabolism associated genes including FABP4, FATP1 and ACSL1 were highly expressed in WL compared with KNC when subjected to high stocking density stress (P<0.05). The expression of glucose transport gene GLUT2 and GLUT8 were increased in chickens exposured to the stress of high stocking density (P<0.05). The data indicate that WL is more sensitive to the stress of high stocking density compared with KNC and the stress may influence the modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver of chickens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.583-587
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate tumor microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) using the Chalkley method as predictive markers for the risk of axillary lymph node metastasis and their relationship to other clinicopathological parameters in primary breast cancer cases. Forty two node-positive and eighty node-negative breast cancers were immunostained for CD34 and D2-40. MVD and LVD were counted by the Chalkley method at x400 magnification. There was a positive significant correlation of the MVD with the tumor size, coexisting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lymph node metastases (P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, the MVD (2.86-4: OR 5.87 95%CI 1.05-32; >4: OR 20.03 95%CI 3.47-115.55), lymphovascular invasion (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.13-10.58), and associated DCIS (OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.04-9.23) independently predicted axillary lymph node metastasis. There was no significant relationship between LVD and axillary lymph node metastasis. However, D2-40 was a good lymphatic vessel marker to enhance the detection of lymphatic invasion compared to H and E staining. In conclusion, MVD by the Chalkley method, lymphovascular invasion and associated DCIS can be additional predictive factors for axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer. No relationship was identified between LVD and clinicopathological variables, including axillary lymph node metastasis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 2009

Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is a marker protein of triacylglycerol (TG)-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and has been proposed as a risk factor of coronary heart disease. To compare the physiologic role of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) with or without apoC-III, we synthesized rHDL with molar ratios of apoA-I:apoC-III of 1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2. Increasing the apoC-III content in rHDL produced smaller rHDL particles with a lower number of apoA-I molecules. Furthermore, increasing the molar ratio of apoC-III in rHDL enhanced the surfactant-like properties and the ability to lyse dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. Furthermore, rHDL containing apoC-III was found to be more resistant to particle rearrangement in the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) than rHDL that contained apoA-I alone. In addition, the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activation ability was reduced as the apoC-III content of the rHDL increased; however, the CE transfer ability was not decreased by the increase of apoC-III. Finally, rHDL containing apoC-III aggravated the production of MDA in cell culture media, which led to increased cellular uptake of LDL. Thus, the addition of apoC-III to rHDL induced changes in the structural and functional properties of the rHDL, especially in particle size and rearrangement and LCAT activation. These alterations may lead to beneficial functions of HDL, which is involved in anti-atherogenic properties in the circulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2017

Chrysanthemum is one of the most important floral crop in Korea produced about 7 billion dollars (1 billion for pot and 6 billion for cutting) in 2013. However, it is difficult to breed and to do genetic study because 1) it is highly self-incompatible, 2) it is outcrossing crop having heterozygotes, and 3) commercial cultvars are hexaploid (2n = 6x = 54). Although low-density genetic map and QTL study were reported, it is not enough to apply for the marker assisted selection and other genetic studies. Therefore, we are trying to make high-density genetic mapping using GBS with about 100 $F_1s$ of C. boreale that is oHohhfd diploid (2n = 2x = 18, about 2.8Gb) instead of commercial culitvars. Since Chrysanthemum is outcrossing, two-way pseudo-testcross model would be used to construct genetic map. Also, genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) would be utilized to generate sufficient number of markers and to maximize genomic representation in a cost effective manner. Those completed sequences would be analyzed with TASSEL-GBS pipeline. In order to reduce sequence error, only first 64 sequences, which have almost zero percent error, would be incorporated in the pipeline for the analysis. In addition, to reduce errors that is common in heterozygotes crops caused by low coverage, two rare cutters (NsiI and MseI) were used to increase sequence depth. Maskov algorithm would also used to deal with missing data. Further, sparsely placed markers on the physical map would be used as anchors to overcome problems caused by low coverage. For this purpose, were generated from transcriptome of Chrysanthemum using MISA program. Among those, 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which are evenly distributed along each chromosome and polymorphic between two parents, would be selected.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.403-407
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• 2013

Fouett$\acute{e}$ turns are repeated pirouettes which begin as a normal pirouette en dehors but include a movement that allows the rotational momentum lost to friction to be regained once each revolution. The purpose of this study was to investigate on orientation density of head/trunk to the front with and without music to which dancers perform the Fouette turn in time. 10 female dancers($21.0{\pm}1.4$ years old, height; $165.3{\pm}3.9$ cm, weight: $50.5{\pm}5.7$ kg) who are the students of S University participated in this study. It took shorter time to perform one revolution of fouette turn with music (930 ms) than without music (961 ms), which reason may be the shorter time of phase 2 in which the rotational momentum is not produced but lost to fiction. Orientation density of trunk to the front was smaller with music (.176) than without music (.196), while the one of head had not significant difference between with and without music. And the path length of marker on $2^{nd}$ left metatarsal bone during one revolution was smaller with music (35.7 cm) than without music (40.2 cm) but the difference was not statistically significant (p=.267).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2006

Osteocalcin is a vitamin K dependent and bone specific protein which plays an important role in the regulation of bone and calcium metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the C298T polymorphism in the osteocalcin gene and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean young men and their interaction with physical activity. BMDs of the femoral neck and lumbar spine were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the C298T polymorphism in the osteocalcin gene determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. We did not observe any significant differences in the femoral neck and lumbar spine BMDs across genotypes of this polymorphism in controls, athletes or combined groups, respectively (P>0.05). Therefore, our data suggest that the C298T polymorphism in the osteocalcin gene is not a suitable genetic marker for the susceptibility to BMD.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.145-153
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• 2022

The gut microbiota is involved in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and is now recognized as a regulator of many diseases. Although germ-free mouse models are the standard for microbiome studies, mice with antibiotic-induced sterile intestines are often chosen as a fast and inexpensive alternative. Pathophysiological changes in the gut microbiome have been demonstrated, but there are no reports so far on how such alterations affect the bacterial composition of the uterus. Here we examined changes in uterine microbiota as a result of gut microbiome disruption in an antibiotics-based sterile-uterus mouse model. Sterility was induced in 6-week-old female mice by administration of a combination of antibiotics, and amplicons of a bacteria marker gene (16S rRNA) were sequenced to decipher bacterial community structures in the uterus. At the phylum-level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were found to be dominant, while Ralstonia, Escherichia, and Prauserella were the major genera. Quantitative comparisons of the microbial contents of an antibiotic-fed and a control group revealed that the treatment resulted in the reduction of bacterial population density. Although there was no significant difference in bacterial community structures between the two animal groups, β-diversity analysis showed a converged profile of uterus microbiotain the germ-free model. These findings suggest that the induction of sterility does not result in changes in the levels of specific taxa but in a reduction of individual variations in the mouse uterus microbiota, accompanied by a decrease in overall bacterial population density.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1281-1281
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• 2001

Near-infrared (NIR) spectra have bean measured for high-density (HDPE), linear low-density (LLDPE), and low-density (LDPE) polyethylene in pellet or thin films. The obtained spectra have been analyzed by conventional spectroscopic analysis methods and chemometrics. By using the second derivative, principal component analysis (PCA), and two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis, we could separate many overlapped bands in the NIR. It was found that the intensities of some bands are sensitive to density and crystallinity of PE. This may be the first time that such bands in the NIR region have ever been discussed. Correlations of such marker bands among the NIR spectra have also been investigated. This sort of investigation is very important not only for further understanding of vibration spectra of various of PE but also for quality control of PE by vibrational spectroscopy. Figure 1 (a) and (b) shows a NIR reflectance spectrum of one of the LLDPE samples and that of PE, respectively. Figure 2 shows a PC weight loadings plot of factor 1 for a score plot of PCA for the 16 kinds of LLDPE and PE based upon their 51 NIR spectra in the 1100-1900 nm region. The PC loadings plot separates the bands due to the $CH_3$ groups and those arising form the $CH_2$ groups, allowing one to make band assignments. The 2D correlation analysis is also powerful in band enhancement, and the band assignments based upon PCA are in good agreement with those by the 2D correlation analysis.(Figure omitted). We have made a calibration model, which predicts the density of LLDPE by use of partial least square (PLS) regression. From the loadings plot of regression coefficients for the model , we suggest that the band at 1542, 1728, and 1764 nm very sensitive to the changes in density and crystalinity.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.50-61
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• 2001

In this paper, nonlinear interactions between water waves and a horizontally submerged circular cylinder are numerically simulated. In this case, the nonlinear interactions between them generated a wave breaking phenomenon. The wave breaking phenomenon plays an important role in the wave farce. Negative drifting forces are raised at shallow submerged cylinders under waves because of the wave breaking phenomenon. For the numerical simulation, a finite difference method based on the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation is adopted in the rectangular grid system. The free surface is simulated with a computational simulation method of two-layer flow by using marker density. The results are compared with some existing computational and experimental results.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 1999

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system consisting of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-receptors, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) regulates the proliferation of a variety of cancer cell types. To examine whether a decrease in endogenous IGFBP-3 stimulates proliferation or inhibits differentiation, Caco-2 cells, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, were stably transfected with an anti-sense IGFBP-3 expression construct or pcDNA3 vector as control. Accumulation of IGFBP-3 mRNA and secretion of IGFBP-3 into serum-free conditioned medium, 9 days after plating, were significantly lower in Caco-2 cell clones transfected with anti-sense IGFBP-3 cDNA compared to the controls. The anti-sense clones grew at a similar rate to the controls for 8 days after plating, but achieved a higher final density between days 10 and 12. The levels of sucrase-isomaltase mRNA, a marker of enterocyte differentiation of Caco-2 cells, were lower in the anti-sense clones examined on day 9. In conclusion, proliferation of Caco-2 cells can be stimulated by lowering endogenously-produced IGFBP-3.