• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2021

From 1 January 2020, the limit for Sulphur in fuel oil used on board ships operating outside designated emission control areas will be reduced to 0.5 %. This regulation by international maritime organization (IMO) is able to significantly reduce the amount of Sulphur oxides (SOx) discharging from ships and should have environmental advantages and health for all over the world. To meet the regulation, in these days, wet scrubber system is being actively developed. However, this process leads to make washing wastewater. In this study, we evaluated ion exchange resin system in accordance with scrubber wastewater discharge regulation by IMO. Theoretical wastewater used as feed solution of lab scale water treatment systems. The results revealed that nitrate ion was removed selectively in spite of high TDS wash wastewater solution depending on ion exchange resin property. Moreover, it was possible to improve efficiency of the system by optimizing operating conditions.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

Benthic animals are important indicators in benthic environmental quality assessment. This study investigated the environmental characteristics and the distribution pattern of benthic animals, and assessed the benthic ecosystem using AMBI (AZTI's marine biotic index) and WQI (water quality index) in the subtidal zone of Muan bay. Samplings were collected from 10 stations in the subtidal zone of Muan bay on summer. In the upper area of Muan bay, grain size was finer and organic content was higher than those of in the lower area. The pollution indicator organism such as Musculista senhousia, Theora fragilis and Lumbrineris longifolia were dominant at some stations. The benthic community was distinguished into three groups of upper, center and lower area of Muan bay, and which were coincided with the results by correlation analysis between organic matter content and benthic health assessment (WQI and AMBI). As a result of this study, the health condition of the subtidal zone in Muan bay were good. However, from the results that benthic animals were not evenly distributed, and also the opportunistic species appeared, the load of organic matter in Muan bay seems to be increasing.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2022

An exothermic oil absorbent sheet with calcium chloride crystals can be fabricated, by dipping a clean polypropylene fabric in calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid solution and drying it. The exothermic oil absorbent sheet applied to the seawater surface, releases heat by the dissociation of calcium chloride. The dissociation heat liquefies the solidified low-sulfur fuel oil at a low temperature, and converts it to a state at which it can be absorbed. The optimum mole concentrations of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid required for the exothermic oil absorbent sheet, are 0.25 M and 0.5 M, respectively. The oil absorption capacity of the exothermic oil absorbent sheet for low sulfur fuel oil depends on the seawater temperature. But, it is highly excellent at 4.5-7.08 g/g at 10℃, the average seawater temperature during the winter in Korea. The exothermic oil absorbent sheet is an excellent alternative in absorbing low-sulfur fuel oil in winter and removing it from seawater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2023

A variety of decarbonized energy sources are being developed globally to realize carbon neutrality (Net Zero) by 2050 as a measure to address the global climate crisis. As the Korean government has also established a Renewable Energy 3020 policy and promoted energy development plans using solar or wind power, large-scale offshore development projects not present before in coastal waters, such as offshore wind farms, are being promoted. From ships' point of view, offshore facilities present obstacles to safe navigation, and with the installation of marine facilities, ship collisions or contact accidents between ships and marine facilities may occur in the narrowed water areas. In addition, there are concerns about environmental pollution and human casualties caused by marine accidents. Accordingly, we review overseas and domestic offshore wind farm development plans, analyze whether institutional devices are in place to ensure the safe passage of ships in wind farm areas, and study the safe operation of large-scale offshore wind farms and safe passage of ships along the Korean coast by comparing overseas legislative cases with domestic laws and presenting a proposal to illuminate the legal blind sectors.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.383-391
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• 2016

Ballast water provides stability and manoeuvrability to a ship. Foreign harmful aquatic organisms, which were transferred by ballast water, cause disturbing ecosystem. In order to minimize transference of foreign harmful aquatic organisms, IMO(International Maritime Organization) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004. If the convention take effect, a port authority might need to check that ballast water is properly disposed of. In this paper, we propose a method of counting harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water thorough image processing. We extracted three samples from the ballast water that had been collected at Busan port in Korea. Then we made three grey-scale images from each sample as experimental data. We made a comparison between the proposed method and CellProfiler which is a well known cell-counting program based on image processing. Setting of CellProfiler is empirically chosen from the result of cell count by an expert. After finding a proper threshold for each image at which the result is similar to that of CellProfiler, we used the average value as the final threshold. Our experimental results showed that the proposed method is simple but about ten times faster than CellProfiler without loss of the output quality.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.44
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• pp.85-116
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• 2015

Found in 23 Dec 1953 to cope with illegal fishing of foreign ships and coastal guard duty, Korea Coast Guard was re-organized as an office under Ministry of Public Safety since the outbreak of sinking of passenger ship "Sewolho". In the course of re-organization, intelligence and investigation duty were transferred to Police Department except "Cases happened on the sea". But the definition of intelligence duty is vague and there are lots of disputes over the jurisdiction and range of activities. With this situation in consideration, the object of this study is to analyse legal and institutional characteristic of KCG Intelligence, to compare them to that of Police Department, foreign agencies like Japan Coast Guard and US Coast Guard, to expose the limit and to suggest solution. To summarize the conclusion, firstly, in the legal side, there is no legal basis on intelligence in [The Government Organization Act], no regulation for mission, weak basis in application act. Secondly, in the institutional side, stated in the minor chapter of [The Government Organization Act], 'the cases happened on sea' is a quite vague definition, while guard, safety, maritime pollution duty falls under 'on the sea' category, intelligence fell to 'Cases happened on the sea' causing coast guard duty and intelligence have different range. In addition, reduced organization and it's manpower led to ineffective intelligence activities. In the case of Police Department, there is definite lines on 'administration concerning public security' in [The Government Organization Act], specified the range of intelligence activities as 'collect, make and distribute information concerning public security' which made the range of main duty and intelligence identical. Japanese and US coast guards also have intelligence branch and performing activities appropriate for the main missions of the organizations. To have superiority in the regional sea, neighboring countries Japan and China are strengthening on maritime power, China has launched new coast guard bureau, Japan has given the coast guard officers to have police authority in the regional islands, and to support the objectives, specialized intelligence is organized and under development. To secure maritime sovereignty and enhance mission capability in maritime safety duty, it is strongly recommended that the KCG intelligence should have concrete legal basis, strengthen the organization and mission, reinforce manpower, and ensure specialized training administrative system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.275-281
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• 2018

It is known that he pollutant emitted from the combustion process of marine fuel oil causes air pollution and harmful effects to the human body. Accordingly, IMO regulates pollutants emitted from ships. However, the regulation of Particulate Matter (PM) is still in the process of debate, so preemptive action is needed. Fundamental research on PM is essential. In this study, the Dimensionless Light Extinction Constant ($K_e$) of fuel oil used in marine diesel engines was measured and analyzed to construct the basic data of the PM generated from marine-based fuel oil. The fuel oil used in the land diesel engine was measured in the same way for character comparison. Both fuel oils differ in sulfur content and density. The $K_e$ was measured via the optical method using a 633 nm laser and was determined by using the volume fraction of PM collected by the gravimetric filter method. The $K_e$ of the PM discharged from marine fuel oil is 8.28, and the land fuel oil is 8.44. The $K_e$ of two fuel oils was similar within the measurement uncertainty range. However, it was found by comparison with the value obtained by the Rayleigh-Limit solution that the light scattering portion could be large. Also, it was found that light extinction characteristics could be different due to the relationship between light transmittance and collected mass.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2011

The accidental releases of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) due to oil spills frequently ended up with soil and ground water pollution. TPH may be degraded through physicochemical and biological processes in the environment but with relatively slow rates. In this study an attempt has been made to develop an integrated chemical and biological treatment technology in order to establish an efficient and environment-friendly restoration technology for the TPH contaminated soils. A Fenton-like reaction was employed as a preceding chemical treatment process and a bioaugmentation process utilizing a diesel fuel degrader consortium was subsequently applied as a biological treatment process. An efficient chemical removal of TPH from soils occurred when the surfactant OP-10S (0.05%) and oxidants ($FeSO_4$ 4%, and $H_2O_2$ 5%) were used. Bioaugmentation of the degrader consortium into the soil slurry led to an increase in their population density at least two orders of magnitude, indicating a good survival of the degradative populations in the contaminated soils ($10^8-10^9$ CFU/g slurry). TPH removal efficiencies for the Fenton-treated soils increased by at least 57% when the soils were subjected to bioaugmentation of the degradative consortium. However, relatively lower TPH treatment efficiencies (79-83%) have been observed in the soils treated with Fenton and the degraders as opposed to the control (95%) that was left with no treatment. This appeared to be due to the presence of free radicals and other oxidative products generated during the Fenton treatment which might inhibit their degradation activity. The findings in this study will contribute to development of efficient bioremediation treatment technologies for TPH-contaminated soils and sediments in the environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.153-158
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• 2004

The numerous investments have been introduced to design and assess mixing zone characteristics of wastewater discharges to the ocean. Specially It strive to meet water quality standard for persistent and bio-accumulative chemical contaminants at the point of discharge through continual improvement pollution prevention measures and other voluntary measures in the developed country. The goals that of this paper are to emphasize the regulatory mixing zone is defined as an allocated impact zone where the numeric water quality criteria may be exceeded as long as acutely toxic conditions are prevent. Furthermore, mixing zones be limited to an area or volume as small as practicable that with not interfere with the designated uses or the established community of aquatic life in the segment for which the uses are designated and the shape be a simple configuration that is easy to locate in the body of water and avoids impingement on biologically important areas and the shore hugging plumes should be avoided This results should be used with caution in evaluation the mixing zone characteristics of a discharge and only in conjunction with information from the effective marine outfall design as well as for the sound harbour design. Thus the numerical investigation using CORMIX has been performed to show the regulatory mixing zone in the near and far field of the marine outfall.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2013

The Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry, and Ministry of Construction, Transportation and Maritime Affairs are in charge of livestock manure management. There are national statistics regarding the livestock industry such as the National Pollution Source Survey, Livestock Statistic Survey, and Livestock-breeding Trend Survey. The current statistical data are focused on the scale of livestock breeding and the production of livestock manure using these data, but it is difficult to establish database due to lack of information. In order to plan relevant policies including management of livestock manure, the government established database systems such as the integrated information system of livestock manure, the integrated system of national infectious animal-disease prevention, and the Sae-ol public administrative system. We have tried to suggest improvements for the comprehensive environmental information system of livestock manure management by detecting problems in each level of the livestock manure life-cycle, making use of the existing systems, and considering the electronic transfer system of livestock manure. The services and functions of this comprehensive system include information of livestock farmers, the production, collection, transportation, and treatment of livestock manure, the area of agricultural land used for livestock manure, the report of approval and results on livestock manure products, management of statistical information, management of civil affairs, and relevant mobile application services. The system is made up of three processes: first, establishment of GIS-based management database of livestock manure; second, establishment of a history management system for livestock manure transactions; and third, development of a water quality assessment system.