• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the application rate of fermented swine manure and additional mineral fertilizer on productivity and nutritive value of corn(Zea mays L.) for silage. Swine manures used in this study were the compost of swine manure fermented with sawdust(SMFWS) and swine sluny(SS). This study was arranged in split-split plot design. Main plots were the types of swine manure, subplots were the application rate of swine manure, such as 100, 200 and 400kgN/ha, and sub-subplots were the application rate of mineral fertilizer, such as 50 and 100kgNiha. Corn DM(dry matter) and TDN(tota1 digestible nutrient) yields increased as application rate of SMFWS and SS increased. DM and TDN yields in SS treatments were higher than those in SMFWS treatments. The effect of fermented swine manure improved positively as application rate of urea increased. Net energy for lactation(NE1) and TDN content in corn decreased as application rate of SMFWS and SS increased, but crude protein(CP) content increased by the application of SMFWS and SS. NE, and TDN contents in SMFWS treatments were lower than those in SS treatments, but CP content in SMFWS was higher than that in SS. The growth and nutritive value of corn were improved by the application of mineral fertilizer. (Key words : Swine manure, Swine sluury, Compost, Zea may, TDN, Net energy)

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.581-590
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• 2011

Organic farming is rapidly expanding worldwide. Crop growth in organic systems greatly depends on the functions performed by soil microbes, and nutrient supply weed suppression by green manure crops input. Four red-pepper production systems were compared: 1) bare ground (conventional system); 2) hairy vetch monoculture; 3) rye monoculture; and 4) hairy vetch-rye mixture. Soil inorganic N reached the peak at 30 DAI and hairy vetch monoculture was the highest ($192mg\;kg^{-1}$) and soil total carbon was fluctuated sporadically during the experiment. Carbohydrate and phenolic compounds in soil kept significantly higher in green manure crops systems from 10 DBI to 30 DAI, however the level was the maximum at 10 DBI (carbohydrate) and 30 DAI (phenolic comounds). Incorporation of green manure crops residue enhanced soil microbial biomass C and N throughout the growing season except that MBN in rye was reduced after incorporation. Green manure crops systems suppressed weed occurrence and, in particular, it was prominent in rye monoculture. Mineral elements composition and production in red-pepper fruits were markedly decreased in green manure crops systems although hairy vetch monoculture has come close to bare ground (NPK-applied). Therefore, it was suggested that higher biomass production should be performed not only to improve soil quality and suppress weeds but to yield suitable red-pepper fruits in green manure crops-based organic farming.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2014

Organic amendment practices can influence diversity and activities of soil microorganisms. There is a need to investigate this impact compared with other types of materials. This study was carried out to evaluate the long term effects of chemical and organic fertilizer on soil microbial community in upland field. During the last 11 years green manure, rice straw compost, rapeseed cake, pig mature compost, NPK, and NPK + pig mature compost were treated in upland soil. Organic fertilizer treatment found with high bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) as compared to chemical and without fertilizer treatment. There was no significant difference in the actinomycetes and fungal population. The average well color development (AWCD) value was the highest in green manure and, the lowest in without fertilizer treatment. Analyses based on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile showed that rice straw compost and pig mature compost had a similar banding pattern while rapeseed cake, NPK, NPK + pig mature compost and without fertilizer treatment were clustered in another cluster and clearly distinguished from green manure treatment. Bacterial diversity can be highly increased by the application of organic fertilizer while chemical fertilizer had less impact. It can be concluded that green manure had a beneficial impact on soil microbial flora, while, the use of chemical fertilizer could affect the soil bacterial communities adversely.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.109-122
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• 2022

Currently, most of the pig manure generated from pig farms in Korea is in the form of a slurry with a moisture content of about 97%. Pig manure slurry is a mixture of pig manure and cleaning water in the pig house. In this study, changes in properties of pig manure liquid fertilizer according to whether air was supplied or not and with the passage of storage period were analyzed for 120 days. During the experimental period, the degree of maturity of the pig manure liquid fertilizer was higher in the experimental closed batch reactors supplied with air than in the same type reactors not supplied with air. As the liquid fertilizer storage period elapsed, there was a tendency that liquid fertilizer was converted to a state of complete maturity. In the batch reactor in which air was supplied, the moisture content of pig manure slurry, which had a moisture content of 97.90%, was reduced to 96.82% at the end of the experiment. On the other hand, the moisture content in the reactor without air was reduced to 97.33%. The pH of the liquid fertilizer, which was 8.82 at the start of the experiment, changed to 7.57 in the reactor with air supplied and 8.75 in the reactor without air at the completion of the experiment. The nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer was 0.198 mg/L on average at the start of the experiment and it was lowered to 0.076 mg/L in the air supplied reactor at the end of the experiment. On the other hand, the nitrogen content of the liquid fertilizer was lowered to 0.121 mg/L in the reactor to which air was not supplied. The phosphoric acid (P₂O₅) concentration in the liquid decreased higher in the liquid fertilizer filled in the reactor without air than the liquid fertilizer filled in the reactor with air supplied as the storage period elapsed. Considering the experimental results, it is considered that the quality of pig manure liquid fertilizer is improved when air is supplied to pig manure slurry and the storage period of pig manure slurry is longer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 1999

Effects of animal manure application on the yield of crops were studied. Red pepper (1995) and Chinese cabbage (1996) were planted in pot with chicken, cow and pig manure application at $1.6mg\;ha^{-1}$, $3.2mg\;ha^{-1}$. Silage corn was grown in pot at 100%, 75%, 50% and 0%of recommended chemical fertilization rate among previously manure applied soils to predict the reduction of fertilizer. Results were as follows: Chemical properties of manure applied soils for two years were increased as pH 6.1~7.1, OM $17.1{\sim}23.7g\;kg^{-1}$, $P_2O_5$ $370{\sim}1.058mg\;kg^{-1}$, while those of chemical fertilizer applied soils were pH 5.8. OM $16.9g\;kg^{-1}$, $P_2O_5$ $249mg\;kg^{-1}$. Exchangeable cation and $P_2O_5$ content were increased in chicken manure applied soils than those in manure applied soils. Red pepper yield in manure applied pots was 121~192% compared to that in only chemical fertilizer applied pot. Effects of manure application was in the order of pig, chicken and cow manure. Chinese cabbage yield in manure applied pots was 55%~111% compared to that in chemical fertilizer applied pot. Effects of manure application were higher in red pepper than in Chinese cabbage. Fresh corn yield showed no significance between reducing 0% and 25% of recommend fertilization rate in previously manure applied plots, except in previously cow manure applied plots at $1.6mg\;ha^{-1}$. Fresh corn yield showed a positive correlation ($r=0.75^{**}$) with organic matter content and showed a positive correlation ($r=0.85^{**}$) with total nitrogen in untreated plot among previously manure applied soils.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2001

Owing to raising number of livestock, we have a problem to solve disposal of livestock manure. We know that soil have the digestion ability of livestock manure as one of multifunctionality. I carried out to investigate of livestock manure digestion (especially pig and chicken manure) that is considered as nitrogen fertilizer in upland crops. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The amount of pig manure was(1999) 4,592,375 tons/year, and chicken manure was 4,488,166 tons/year and equivalent to 41,912 tons N/year and 76,223 tons N/year, respectively. 2. The definition of the digestion ability of livestock manure is as the maximum application amount of livestock manure without injuring soil and plant. And the calculation model of digestion ability of livestock manure(ALMD) is follows: ALMD = amount of nitrogen requirement per each upland crop / {(total nitrogen contents in livestock manure) ${\times}$ (nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of livestock manure)} 3. The amount of ability of pig and chicken manure for upland crops (dry based) were 1,142.9kg/10a and 540.1kg/10a, respectively. 4. The order of amount of digestion ability of livestock manure on upland were vegetables > orchards > miscellaneous grains(corn) > barley > potatoes > pulses > oil seeds & special crops ) fodder crops) mulberry.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.530-535
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) liquid manure application on shoot growth, fruit qualities and soil chemical properties in peach orchard. SCB liquid manure was fertigated ten times from April to October in SCB plot, whereas chemical fertilizer was treated two times as basal and additional fertilizers in control plot. The shoot growth, leaf nitrogen and potassium content, soil exchangeable K, fruit weight and yield were higher in SCB plot than in control. Soluble solid content and acidity, soil organic matter, soil available phosphate and soil exchangeable Mg showed no significant difference between treatments, and the leaf calcium and magnesium content were lower in SCB plot than in control. In conclusion, fertigating SCB liquid manure in peach orchard has positive effects on fruit weight and yield, and it is suggested that periodical soil testing is needed because of the possibility of K accumulation in SCB liquid manure treated soil when the orchard is fertigated based on the soil nitrogen content.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.731-743
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of green manures and complemental fertilization with oil cake or liquid fertilizer on growth and nitrogen use efficiency of Chinese cabbage cultivated in organi systems. Field experiments were carried out at the National Institute of Agricultural Science in Suwon, South Korea from 2012 to 2014. Two green manure crops, Crotalaria and Hairy vetch, was cultivated in summer and in winter, respectively. The application methods of the green manure consisted of three tillage systems (overall tillage, partial tillage and no tillage). Oil cake and liquid fertilizer were used as complemental fertilizer. The results showed that when used as covering material in the upland soil without tillage, green manure fertilization was more effective in increasing growth and yield of Chinese cabbage than when incorporated into soil. It was possible to grow and harvest Chinese cabbage in the spring season by the application of hairy vetch as winter green manure. The higher yield of Chinese cabbage with green manure application was caused by the lower incidence rate of soft rot and tip-burn. The yield of the Chines cabbage that received green manure applications over two consecutive seasons followed by the supplemental fertilization with oil cake was similar to that of the conventional chemical fertilization. Following a single season green manure application in summer, however, the yield of cabbage was only about 70% of the conventional treatment. Green manure cultivation with additional liquid fertilization produced a yield similar to the conventional fertilization treatment, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration remained stable and the nitrogen use efficiency increased in the green manure applied soil. In conclusion, the organic cultivation of Chinese cabbage in the autumn season could be outperformed in the upland soil receiving two seasons (winter and summer) of green manure fertilization followed by the supplemental fertilization with liquid fertilizer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2015

Soil nutrient management is important to maintain the constant productivity of seedling production in the nursery for successful forest restoration. This study investigated the effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer application levels on the growth, soil properties, and nutrient concentrations of yellow poplar seedlings. One-year-old yellow poplar seedlings were treated with the combination of 3 level organic manures(0, 5 Mg/ha, 10 Mg/ha; mixture of poultry manure, cattle manure, swine manure, and sawdust) and 3 level nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) chemical fertilizers(0, 1x(urea, $30g/m^2$; fused superphosphate, $70g/m^2$; potassium chloride, $15g/m^2$), 2x). Organic manure significantly increased the soil pH and the concentrations of nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium. In contrast, the NPK chemical fertilizer decreased the soil pH and exchangeable calcium concentration, did not affect the soil concentrations of nitrogen and magnesium, and increased the concentrations of available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium. Both organic manure and NPK chemical fertilizer treatments increased the seedling height, root collar diameter, and dry weight by 39% and 25%, respectively. The treatment with manure 5 Mg/ha and NPK 2x chemical fertilizer mostly increased seedling dry weight by 2.6 times more than that of the control. Compared to the effects of the fertilization treatments on the soil properties, the effects on nutrient concentrations in the leaves were relatively small. These findings indicate that organic manure that was derived from livestock byproducts and sawdust can be utilized with chemical fertilizer to improve seedling production as well as conserving soil quality.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

A manure management plan is important for all daily operations. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of application level of liquid cattle manure on the soil properties and changes of BOD and COD content in run-off water at the mixtures swards of National Livestock Research Institute RDA Suweon in 1995. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with five treatments consisting of no fertilizer chemical fertilizer application of 40, 60 and 80MT/ha as liquid cattle manure. The quantity of run-off for a no fertilizer was the highest of 1,469.4mm but that for a application level of liquid cattle manure of 60MT/ha was the lowest of 1,278.1mm. The change of BOD in run-off for a no fertilizer was the lowest of $19.84m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$, but that for a application level of liquid cattle manure of 80MT/ha was the highest of $36.22m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$. Change of COD in run-off for a no fertilizer was the lowest of $21.28m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$ but that for a application level of liquid cattle manure of 80MT/ha was the highest of $37.51m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$. Available phosphorus and total-N content of soil chemical properties was higher at liquid cattle manure than chemical fertilizer.