• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.505-516
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• 2016

With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are used in various fields. Therefore, the interest regarding the safety of nanomaterial use is increasing and much effort is diverted toward establishment of exposure assessment and management methods. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are effectively used to protect the health of workers in various industrial workplaces. This study aimed to propose an OEL for domestic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based on animal inhalation toxicity test. Basic procedure for development of OELs was examined. For OEL estimation, epidemiological study and quantitative risk assessment are generally performed based on toxicity data. In addition, inhalation toxicity data-based no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and benchmark dose (BMD) are estimated to obtain the OEL. Three different estimation processes (NEDO in Japan, NIOSH in USA, and Baytubes in Germany) of OELs for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were intensively reviewed. From the rat inhalation toxicity test for MWCNTs manufactured in Korea, a NOAEL of $0.98mg/m^3$ was derived. Using the simple equation for estimation of OEL suggested by NEDO, the OEL of $142{\mu}g/m^3$ was estimated for the MWCNT manufacturing workplace. Here, we used test rat and Korean human data and adopted 36 as an uncertainty factor. The OEL for MWCNT estimated in this work is higher than those ($2-80{\mu}g/m^3$) suggested by previous investigators. It may be greatly caused by different physicochemical properties of MWCNT and their dispersion method and test rat data. For setting of regulatory OELs in CNT workplaces, further epidemiological studies in addition to animal studies are needed. More advanced technical methods such as CNT dispersion in air and liquid should be also developed.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2017

본 연구는 홍게의 부산물인 껍질을 이용하여 제조한 데리야끼 소스의 이화학적 특성, 관능적 특성을 평가하였다. 수분은 튀김 처리한 FRC 시료가 가장 높았으며, 수침 처리한 SOC 시료가 가장 낮았고, 점도는 이와 반대되는 경향이었다. pH는 건조 처리한 DRC 시료가 가장 높았고, 전처리하지 않은 RAC 시료가 가장 낮았다. 색도에서는 L, a, b값 모두에서 튀김처리한 FRC 시료가 가장 높았으며, 기름에 튀기는 전처리 과정을 거치면서 지용성 색소 단백질인 아스타잔틴이 더 용출되어 L, a, b 값 모두에 영향을 준 것으로 사료된다. 염도는 튀김 처리한 FRC 시료가 가장 높았고, 수침 처리한 SOC 시료가 가장 낮았다. 가용성 고형분 함량은 이와 반대되는 경향이었다. 총 유리 아미노산의 함량은 수침 처리한 SOC 시료가 장 높았으며, 전처리하지 않은 RAC 시료가 가장 낮았다. 유리 아미노산 중 필수 아미노산과 맛난 맛 아미노산도 SOC 시료가 가장 높게 측정되어 전처리 방법을 달리한 시료 중 가장 감칠맛이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 기호도 검사 결과, 유리 아미노산 함량이 가장 높았던 SOC 시료가 외관, 향, 맛, 텍스쳐, 전체적인 기호도 항목에서 가장 높은 기호도를 보였다. 이것으로 보아 전처리 방법 중 홍게 껍질의 침지 처리 과정은 가용성 고형분 및 맛난 맛 성분의 용출이 높아지면서 데리야끼 소스의 전체적인 맛의 기호도에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 실험결과를 종합해 볼 때, 홍게 껍질을 이용하여 데리야끼 소스를 제조하는데 있어 침지 처리하는 전처리 공정을 거치는 것이 영양적, 관능적으로 우수한 데리야끼 소스의 제조가 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.103-128
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• 2002

As a result of trying the various manufacturing methods considering the reality of manpower and equipments with this manual, the following standardized procedures and contents can be suggested. (1) Since tools presenting Rock-Drill data must formalize the order of explanation although explainers are different, it will be valid that it is configured by existing power point method rather than by web document type. Composition of contents are selected on the basis of defence card and survey and then 8 items including initial screen, peripheral conditions, mobilization route, general conditions, use and structure by floor, department of vehicle consideration in activities and end screen are included. (2) Making methods and cautions of data included and used in power point are as follows ; - It was most effective that objects of fire fighting and location of neighboring fire fighting water were expressed by electronic map and drawing of inner building was made by scanning it after paining general architecture drawing(plan by each floor) rather than using drawing tools of EXCEL program or CAD drawing. And it was helpful to simplify contents of architecture drawing to wall, stairs and gate in understanding them. - Photographing of video data should be taken to show available fire fighting facilities in fire, use of planned space and the whole inner structure of each floor from the inside of fire fighting buildings and to display play time between 10 sec. and 1 min, for obstacles to distance from adjacent buildings or passage of special vehicles and fire fighting water from the outside of the building. - File format of video data taken in this way is most suitable to use wmv(window media video) or asf(advanced streaming format) type in consideration of time required for export, screen quality, file capacity and play type in Rock-Drill through network. - Still screen(photo) is more effective to express the department of fire fighting vehicles or other equipments than using video. (3) In configuration work of power point, hyper link was used most and configured to see any part at any situation like web document and then uniformity of presentation order of power point was complemented. (4) In case of sales facilities with the area of $35.557m^2$, the time of 22 hours and 30 minutes for five days was taken with five persons. Therefore, when eight-hour works a day were calculated, the whole process of video work for Rock-Drill can be finished with three day works.

• 복식
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• 제44권
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• pp.181-199
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• 1999

The industry of modern clothing has deviated from the overflow of commercialism and the standardization and nowadays is going toward pursuing art, creativity, and high added value. This trend brings the return of the natural materials from the synthetic textiles and increases the value of old and handmade fabrics. Finally, the handmade-paper, which is a natural material, comes to be reconsidered as a new material for the clothing. Therefore, as the natural materials and the manufacture of handmade clothing are rising again, the qualitative improvement and globalization of clothing industry should be first realized through the developments of creative and various clothing materials and new expressing techniques. The above investigation and study have been synthesized and analyzed as follows: First, through the study on the origin of the paper clothing, its historical background and the process of its development, we've learned these two facts following : the paper clothing of the East in the past mostly had practiced meanings. On the other hand, in the West it had meanings which were raised the artist's emotions and beauty-consciousness to the artistic level by the various kinds of expressing methods. Second, handmade-paper was manufactured by the embedding method, which mixed mulberry pulp, gauze, corn, hair, sisal, silk and so on. It was found that handmade-paper had the affluent and proper texture as the clothing material and was be able to control the clarity through the variation of thickness. It was also confirmed that the creative and original texture with hand-worked molding beauty was obtained by the use of handmade-paper. Third, when the handmade-paper is used, the molding beauty of plane, relievo, and solid can be freely pursued, and various and effective molding conformation can be constructed by the effect of superposition and repetition. Also, because the maximum discretion from the various optional manufacturing methods is allowed, the molding beauty can be maximized when the clothes are manufactured with handmade-paper. Fourth, the gauze with strong drape was combined to overcome the stiffness and the tearing of the paper. As a result, the durability and the wearability of the paper were strengthened and thus the thus the applications as the clothing material were enlarged. In conclusion, in order to enhance the value, creativity, practicality, and artistic sense of the design for modern clothing, the clothes made of handmade-paper should be more studied. Moreover, for the generalization of paper clothes, the studies on the development of practical paper with paper with water resistance, post-treatment after dyeing, flexibility, and durability should be done. I really hope that this study will be the motive to provoke the possibility of handmade-paper as new clothing material in not only practical sense but also artistic sense.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.248-248
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• 2017

This study was carried out to compare the cooking and antioxidant characteristics of cooked rice added at various rate of glutinous rice addition and treated with two cooking methods. Cooked rice added with glutinous rice was cooked by general and high pressure cooking method with and without fermented alcohol. Pasting characteristics of cooked rice were decreased as increasing the amounts of glutinous rice. Water binding capacity and swelling power were significant decreased with the amounts of glutinous rice increasing, however water solubility indices were significant increased. Palatability characteristics of cooked rice added with glutinous rice showed similar results to cooked rice without glutinous rice. Total polyphenol contents of cooked rice added with glutinous rice and fermented alcohol were significantly distinct, but there was no significant difference. Total flavonoid contents were increased as increasing the amounts of glutinous rice. Total flavonoid contents by general cooking method of cooked rice added with 20% glutinous rice and fermented alcohol were $23.20{\pm}0.61{\mu}g\;CE/g$. DPPH radical scavenging activities added with and without glutinous rice were 2.97~5.19 and 3.19~5.45 mg TE/100 g, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activities by high pressure cooking method of cooked rice added with 20% glutinous rice and fermented alcohol were $19.48{\pm}0.63mg\;TE/100g$. In this study, cooking and antioxidant characteristics of cooked rice added with glutinous rice were expected to be used as basic data on manufacturing processed products.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.410-417
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• 2012

국내의 화력발전소와 원자력발전소는 품질이 좋은 전기를 생산하기 위하여 여러 가지 형태의 복수기 튜브와 증기발생기 튜브들로 구성되어 있다. 이러한 설비에 결함이 발생되었을 경우 검사할 수 있는 여러 가지의 검사 방법이 있으며, 그 중에서도 유도초음파를 이용한 방법은 장비의 설치가 간단하며, 검사 속도가 빠르고 고정된 위치에서 한 번의 주사로 먼 거리를 검사할 수 있기 때문에 주로 많이 사용되고 있다. 유도초음파를 이용한 검사방법이 이러한 장점을 가지고 있는 반면에 아주 작은 크기의 결함은 검출할 수 없는 단점도 가지고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 소구경 튜브 내에서 발생될 수 있는 여러 가지의 인공결함을 가공하여 결함의 형태 및 크기에 따른 실험과 신호 해석을 통하여 이러한 단점들을 극복하고자 노력 하였으며 신호 처리 기술과 검사용 센서 제작 기술의 발달로 인하여 이러한 문제점들은 조만간에 극복될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2011

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the shear bond strength by manufacturing the veneering porcelain on the IPS e.max $ZirCAD^{(R)}$ zirconia core, using the layering technique and heat-pressing technique, and to evaluate the clinical stability by comparing to the conventional metal ceramic system. Methods: The Schmitz-Schulmeyer test method was used to evaluate the core-veneer shear bond strength of zirconia core ceramic(IPS e.max $ZirCAD^{(R)}$) and their manufacture recommended two veneering ceramic systems(IPS e.max $ceram^{(R)}$, IPS e. max $ZirPress^{(R)}$). A metal ceramic system(Bellabond $plus^{(R)}$, VITA $VM13^{(R)}$) was used as a control group for the two all ceramic system test groups. The maximum loading and shear bond strength was measured. The average shear strength(MPa) was analyzed with the one-way ANOVA and the Tukey's test(${\alpha}$=.05). The fracture specimens were examined using Microscope to determine the failure pattern. Results: The mean shear bond strengths(SD) in MPa were MBSB control 43.62(2.13); ZBSB 18.65(1.76); ZPSB 18.89(1.54). The shear strengths of the zirconia cores were not significantly different(P>.05). Microscope examination showed that zirconia specimens presented mixed failure, and base metal alloy specimens showed adhesive failure. Conclusion: There was no siginificant different between the layering technique and the heat pressing technique in the veneering methods on the zirconia cores. None of the zirconia core and veneering ceramics could attain the high bond strength values of the metal ceramic combination.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 성체 한우의 도축과정 중에 채혈된 혈액으로부터 분리 정제한 혈청의 생물학적 안전성을 검증하기 위하여 세균, 마이코플라즈마 및 바이러스의 검출과 동정을 실시하였다. 검사를 실시한 대부분의 혈청에서 전염성 병원체가 검출되지 않았고 두 개의 혈청에서 토양 유래의 것으로 추정되는 Bacillus thuringiensis가 검출 되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 국내에서 도축되는 한우는 생물학적 안전성을 담보할 수 있는 최소한의 기본적인 안전장치를 통해 도축된다는 사실을 보여주며 한우의 도축과정에서 부산물로 얻을 수 있는 혈액을 안전한 생물학적 제제로 개발할 수 있다는 가능성을 보여주는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2018

Purpose: Treatment of diabetic foot infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains challenging. Applying vancomycin-impregnated cement is one of the best methods of treatment. Vancomycin-impregnated cement has been used worldwide; however, to date, there is a limited number of studies regarding its use. We evaluated the duration of antimicrobial activity of vancomycin-impregnated cement stored at room temperature after manufacturing. Materials and Methods: The vancomycin-impregnated cement was manufactured by mixing 1 g of vancomycin with 40 g of polymer and adding 17.90 g of liquid monomer. The cement dough was shaped into flat cylinders with diameter and height of 6 mm and 2 mm, respectively. Another cement of the same shape without mixing vancomycin was prepared as the negative control. All manufactured cements were sterilized with ethylene oxide gas and stored at room temperature. Each cement was placed on Mueller Hinton agar plate lawned with standard MRSA strain. Standard vancomycin disk and gentamicin disk were placed together. After 24 hours, the diameter of inhibition zone was measured, and if the diameter was less than 15 mm, vancomycin-impregnated cement was regarded as a loss of antimicrobial activity. The study was repeated every 2 weeks until vancomycin-impregnated cements lost their antimicrobial activity. Results: Vancomycin-impregnated cement stored for a duration of 16 weeks created a 14 mm inhibition zone, while vancomycin disk created a 15 mm inhibition zone. Vancomycin-impregnated cement stored for a duration of 17 weeks created 7 mm and 9 mm inhibition zones, while vancomycin disk created 16 mm and 15 mm inhibition zones, respectively. Conclusion: We found a decrease of antimicrobial activity in vancomycin-impregnated cements after 16 weeks. After 17 weeks, they showed definite loss of antimicrobial activity. Therefore, we recommend not using vancomycin-impregnated cement spacers that has been stored for more than 16 weeks at room temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.513-526
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• 2020

The existing preservation methods are difficult to be applied to a large dimension log which is needed for making traditional wooden ship 'Jalur' in Riau Province. Novel techniques to provide the use of readily available species to replace traditional species alternative were investigated. These included infusion and a combination of injection and bandage-wrapping methods for preserving living trees of Balam (Macaranga conifera (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.) and Bintangor (Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f.). Water-based boron compounds were applied as wood preservatives. In total, 18 discs from the bottom, middle, and top of four trees and two controls were used. Trees undergoing treatment were also used to see how wood anatomical structure might affect the boron penetration. The overall aim was to identify the best method for use in Jalur manufacturing. The results showed that in infused Balam tree where the hose position for the preservative intake was deep (10-15 cm from the bark), no boron compound was observed in the outer sapwood. Combination of injection and bandage-wrapping method gave higher percentage of boron penetration at bottom and middle of Balam tree. However, infused Bintangor showed 100% boron penetration. The larger vessel diameter, the absence of tyloses, and the simple perforation plates in Bintangor wood were likely to have contributed to the higher penetration of boron. The combination of bandage-wrapping and infusion, or alternatively by infusing the living trees close to the bark, and at as low as position in the stem gives better protection when treatments are applied to living trees.