• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.67-96
• /
• 2012

Previous literature has looked merely into the effect of trade facilitation on aggregate trade, or analyzed trade growth using the extensive and intensive margins. This paper blends these two lines of research for a detailed analysis of the impact of trade facilitation on trade by using highly disaggregated trade data and a more composite index for measuring trade facilitation, also taking into account the export sectors and income levels of countries. As a result, this paper finds that developing countries with higher trade facilitation levels export a wider range of products, especially primary goods. While trade facilitation levels do not have a statistically significant association with trade at the intensive margin in general, further analysis shows that the impact of advanced trade facilitation is the largest for lower middle-income countries in primary goods trade at the intensive margin, and the largest for upper middle-income countries in manufactured goods trade at the intensive margin. More importantly, our policy simulation results suggest that trade facilitation-related policy reforms enable developing countries to benefit from increased trade in manufactured goods at the extensive margin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.60 no.8
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2010

Contemporary fashion emphasizes artistic, decorative aspects beside functional, practical targets, and pursues various materials. Also, rising of the design-based tendency, using the various tonality, texture and unveiling the new processing method, decorating technology and a new-material have made the ornaments as one of the figure that expose aesthets and individuality of designers and owner. With its unique expression and artistic beauty the design of ornament pervaded their field to figurative arts. This study aimed at the weaving technique using a hooked needle which is a crochet, and the making manufactured skirts item, moreover the study focused on putting the skirts item into the ornaments of the crochet. The skirt, which was thought to belong to women only, made easy and economic goods. Consumer also wanted to feel free and comfortable as manufactured items did, and it added individuality and practical use. This research tried to develop the design of crochet items to supplement the higher value-added, after examining the theoretical background of crochet, and analyzing crochet trend from 2005-06 F/W to 2010 S/S. As the result, it could be seen that the crochet may offer contemporary ornament art expressing formativeness of handcraft and fineness to the era of replica and manufactured goods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 1998

This paper discuss to structure analysis of manufactured goods with DNC. DNC procedure is using CAD, CAM software and CNC machining center. CAM software is purpose of G-code generation for CNC programming. For structure analysis used to result from FEM code and the object of analysis is thincylinder.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2001.07a
• /
• pp.298-300
• /
• 2001

This paper presents a forecasting method for production volume of each model manufactured goods by using Back-Propagation technique of Neural Networks. As the learning constant and the momentum constant are respectively 0.65 and 0.94, the learning number is the least, and the forecating accuracy is the highest. When the learning process is more than 1,000 times, the accurate forecating was possible regardless of kind of product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.28
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 1996

Woolen fabrics were manufactured in Korea since the early prehistoric period and were manufactured and used from the period of the three Kingoms and Koryo through the Chosonera. These materials were developed in to woolen fabrics through a tradition of thou-sand years. In Korea the Orient Culture of no-madic tribes and Mesopotamia Culture of stock-farming come together and developed these original woolen fabrics cultures. During the Chosen period woolen goods were frequently manufactured and used. Those re-mains consist of various hats and shoes made up of felt. And the remains which of a kind of woolen fabrics were made from the wool materials. There were various stock farms and supplies a woolen craftsman needed the wool materials. There were various stock farms and supplies a woolen craftsman needed the wool materials. And there were especial woolen goods shops as Choung Po Joun.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.77
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2018

Under CISG the places of delivery by the seller of the goods are: If the seller is not bound to deliver the goods at any other particular place and the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods, the seller has to hand the goods over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer. However, if the contract does not involve carriage of the goods, he has to place them at the buyer's disposal at the place where, at the time of the conclusion of the contract, both the seller and the buyer knew that the goods were at, or were to be manufactured or produced. This rule applies when the contract relates to specific goods, or unidentified goods to be drawn from a specific stock or to be manufactured or produced. Finally, in ant other cases the seller has to place the goods at the buyer's disposal at the place where the seller had his place of business at the time of the conclusion of the contract. As to time of delivery, if a date is fixed by or determinable from the contract, the seller has to deliver the goods on that date. If a period for delivery is fixed by or determinable from the contract, he has to deliver the goods on any date within that period. In this way the seller chooses the specific date of delivery within that period, while circumstances indicate otherwise that the choice is to be made by the buyer. There no such date or period, the seller has to deliver the goods within a reasonable time after the conclusion of the contract. If the seller delivers the goods before such the date or period, the buyer is entitled to take delivery or refuse to take delivery. Under these backgrounds of provisions of CISG, this study first suggests the concepts of the handing over of the goods by the seller to the carrier and the placing them at the buyer's disposal. Then it goes further to looks into exactly where and when the delivery has to occur. In these context, this study more examines what happens if there is a breach of contract by the seller in connection with the delivery. That is, if the seller delivers non-conforming goods or at wrong place; what if there is a partial delivery or a premature delivery.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2018

Idol goods refer to products such as cups and towels, or mementos or souvenirs that are manufactured to gratify the desires of fandom and may include the facial images of a star. The objective of this research was to explore the purchase behaviors of K-pop idol goods. Two hundred and sixty female idol goods purchasers in their twenties participated in an online survey. Cheering tools were the most often purchased idol goods, followed by idol slogans and dolls. To investigate the difference in idol goods' attributes they considered when shopping, respondents were divided into three purchase groups based on their annual total expense for purchasing idol goods. There were significant differences among light, medium and heavy purchasers in terms of goods' price, practical features, and scarcity. The light shopper group was majorly guided by price and practical features as compared to the other two groups, and heavy shopper group was majorly guided by scarcity attribute than in the other two shopper groups. The more they identified their favorite idols, the more they worked hard, the higher their income, the higher the expenses of investing in idol products, the more likely they were to repurchase idol goods. In term of post-purchase behavior of idol goods, most idol goods purchase by fans were stored rather than used, and few indicated that they purchase two identical idol goods for use and storage.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.131-144
• /
• 2022

This study primarily concerns the Model Contract for International Sale of Manufactured Goods recently published by International Chamber of Commerce in 2020. To this end, this study examines the importance of the ICC model contract and its main characteristics, and considers in what form the contract is composed of and the scope of its application by classifying it according to the object of the contract, the subject and type of the transaction. In addition, this study divides the main contents of the ICC model contract into special conditions and general conditions, and attempts to scrutinize details of each condition in connection with the United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods(1980) as a governing law taken by the ICC model contract. Furthermore, this study puts forward, on the basis of the detailed examination of main conditions of ICC Model Contract, practical implications on what the parties to the contract should be aware of when using the ICC model contract.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2018

In the globalization and free trade era, the current account deficit problem is a common phenomenon experienced by most countries, both developing and developed countries. Also with managed floating regime of exchange rate, it becomes very important to analyze the dynamics of current account balance which determine the trade. The deficit condition has lasted for four years in Indonesia, as well the deficit value above the value of the surplus that has been experienced during the period 2005-2011. This study is firstly aim to examine the condition of the deficit which happens in the export and import, manufactured goods and oil and gas, whether related to the transaction of goods and services. We try to build a predicted model which near the actual. Then, the focuses examines an exchange rate volatility impact on current account deficit. The model used in this research is a simultaneous model of Indonesia current account deficit from 2005 to 2014. The simulation result indicated that depreciation increase surplus to current account deficit. The decrease of export manufactured goods (non oil and gas) higher than the increase of import. For the oil and gas sector, depreciation of the rupiah against the US dollar results in an increased burden of higher oil and gas imports due to import transactions.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.115-130
• /
• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the causal relationship between import-export goods and transportation modes. To this end, five major commodity groups were selected from 2010 to 2018 such as Machinery and transport equipment (SITC 7), manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (SITC 6), chemicals and related products, n.e.s. (SITC 5), mineral, fuels, lubricants, and related materials (SITC 3), and miscellaneous manufactured articles (SITC 8). And using the panel VECM, the difference between transportation modes such as ports and airports was compared and analyzed through panel granger causality, Impulse response function, Forecasting error variance decomposition. As a result, it is confirmed that the causal relationship between major product groups and transportation modes showed different causal relationships depending on the characteristics of port and air transportation.