• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.44
• /
• pp.333-341
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to compare the manufacturing process with random covariate using multiple comparison procedure. The methodology that compares each manufacturing process by inspecting the number of nonconforming items out of k-treatment, has serveral limitations and problems according to the method and contect of the analysis. The proper way of analysis, therefore, could be obtained by the multiple comparison procedure of simultaneous confidence region of variance components. Effections that affect a manufactuing process may be predictive of responce to treatments are called covariates. In the study of comparing several treatments, prsense of covariate may bias the estimates of treatment effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.754-763
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine: 1) the differences in the automation level by company characteristics(i.e., product category, product type, firm size); 2) the effects of company context(i.e., environmental uncertainty, task uncertainty) on the automation level; and 3) the effect of the automation level on manufacturing performance(i.e., quality, flexibility, time, cost). Data were collected from a mail survey. Four hundred eighty two questionaries were mailed to apparel manufacturers nationwide, and 60 responses were analyzed. The results revealed that: 1) mens and womens wear manufacturers and large manufacturers(i.e., the number of employees, sales volume) showed higher automation level; 2) environmental complexity positively affected the automation level; and 3) the automation level had a positive effect only on quality performance.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.3 s.47
• /
• pp.369-375
• /
• 2004

In this study, liquid crystalline (LC) is formed using Gemini surfactant (GS) type and moisturizing effect in vivo is measured. $3.0\;wt\%$ of sodium dicocoyl ethylene diamine (PEG)-15 sulfate (SCD-PEG-15S) is used as GS and $4.0\;wt\%$ of hydrogenated dimer acid esters (HDAE) as booster. For stabilizers, $2.0\;wt\%$ of behenyl alcohol (BA) and $1.0\;wt\%$ of Iyso-lecithin (LyL) are utilized. It is stabilized in pH from 4.0 to 10.5 and the best condition is in pH 6.5. The value of viscosity is $8,000\pm500$ cP. The most excellent particles are formed within the range of 4.0 to 15.5 um. Formed LC is observed around LC particles using polarization microscope. It is also observed that lamellar gel network structure is formed around LC particles. Moisturizing effect is improved by $13.6\%$ (P<0.05) compared to control when measured 30 min later after coating samples. After 1 h, moisturizing effect is improved by 1$12.6\%$ (P<0.05) than control while showing $28.3\%$ (P<0.05) of improvement after 4 h. These results may be caused from that manufactured LC forms lamellar structure so that it has better water-holding ability and absorbance of oil increases. This formula could be utilized by delivery system (DS) on skin so that this technology can be applied for manufactuing pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.507-512
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical characteristics of different organic liquid fertilizer during fermentation at plastic house in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service. Chicken dung, soybean meal, and rice bran were used for nutrient sources. The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; Total nitrogen contained the highest in soybean meal as 55 mg·kg^-1, and phosphate and potassium contained high in chicken dung and rice bran in organic liquid fertilizer materials. The pH of chicken dung was near 7.0, that of soybean meal and rice bran indicated acidity(pH 3.8~4.4). The electrical conductivity of chicken dung consistently increased during fermentation, and that of soybean meal and rice bran increased and decreased early season and increased at late incubation period. Hydrogen sulfide gas occurrence of chicken dung was 3,200 mg·L^-1 at early season and 1,600 mg·L^-1 at late incubation period, and that of soybean meal and rice bran treatments were not or very low concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas during manufacturing period. The nitrogen and calcium content of organic liquid fertilizer were the higher in chicken dung and soybean meal than rice bran. The phosphate and magnesium content of rice bran was the high as 5.6 g·kg^-1 and 1.5 g·kg^-1, respectively. There was no difference in potassium content among the different liquid fertilizers during fermentation.