• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.734-746
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of women's self-image on image evaluation of clothing self-image, and on their selection of clothing styles by situations. The subject of investigation was 500 women above 20 living in Daegu. 6 types of clothing styles including classic, casual, elegant, dramatic, romantic, and mannish and 7 social situations including shopping near house, shopping in a busy street, cultural center, wedding ceremony, dinning out, alumni meeting or fraternity meeting, and couples meeting were used for this study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS package, which included factor analysis, reliability test, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and X²-test. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Adult women could be classified into 4 groups such as the passive mannish, the passive feminine, the active mannish, and the active feminine by their self-images. 2. There were different opinions on each clothing style by self-image. In the image of each clothing style by self-image groups, the passive feminine group considered classic style having effect to make people look tall, mature and elegant style to make people look active and charming. Also, they rated the boldness of dramatic style and the activeness of mannish style high. The active feminine group estimated the boldness of mannish style high. 3. Selection of clothing style differed according to various situations. More formal the situation was, more classic style tended to be selected and for less formal situation, mannish style was selected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.266-279
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• 2010

This research investigates the influence of color as an important factor of the visual image created by clothes. First, the factor analysis of the adjectives describing the images of clothes shows that the images of clothes are classified into 4 factors that include attraction, brightness, femininity, and the figure type (of which the attraction factor and brightness factor were found to be important dimensions). Second, as for the images of feminine style clothes colors, violet appears more refined and attractive than other colors in all 3 tones. Red appears as a brilliant and glowing image in a vivid tone. Yellow in a vivid tone and pale tone, and red in deep tone appear as a warm image, while blue appears as a cold image in all 3 tones. Blue and violet appear as a tall and slim image in all 3 tones. As for the images of mannish style clothes colors, yellow in vivid tone, violet in pale tone and red in deep tone appear as the most refined and attractive image, while green in all the tones appears as a rustic and unattractive image. Red in vivid tone, yellow in pale tone and violet in deep tone appear as a very brilliant and glowing image. Red in pale tone and deep tone appear as a warm and feminine image. Third, yellow in all the tones is evaluated to be attractive in the mannish style in the comparison of the image of feminine and mannish style clothes color, while blue in a pale tone in feminine style and in deep tone in mannish style earned high points. Red and violet did not show any significant differences between the two styles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.227-238
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of women's life-style on image evaluation of clothing styles, and on their selection of clothing styles by situations. The subject of investigation was 441 women above 20 living in Daegu. 6 types of clothing styles including classic, casual, elegant, dramatic, romantic, and mannish and 7 social situations including shopping near house, shopping in a busy street, cultural center, wedding ceremony, eating out, alumni meeting or fraternity meeting, and couples meeting were used for this study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS package, which included factor analysis, reliability test, cluster analysis, frequency, percentage, ANOVA, and $\chi$$^2$-test. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Adult women could be classified into 5 groups including activist, in-activist, the leisured well-off, the wholesomely economical, and the appearance showing-off by their life-styles. 2. The clothing image according to the 6 clothing styles was different. In the image evaluation of each clothing style by life-style groups, in-active group thought classic style most functional and leisured well-off group, mannish style. Elegant style and dramatic style were estimated positively by the leisured well-off and the appearance showing-off. 3. Selection of clothing style differed according to situations. More formal the situation was, more formal style tended to be selected and for less formal situation, active and mannish style was selected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2004

This study examines the effects of clothing style and the order effect on impression formation. The instrument of this study consisted of response scales and stimuli. Fifty-one items of 7-point semantic differential scales, 9 items of demographic traits, and 4 items of subjective evaluation scales were developed. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing each of two clothing styles(mannish style, feminine style). The sample include 56 male and female subjects in their twenties and thirties. The experimental design was within-subject design and the half of the sample responded to the mannish style first and the other half responded to the feminine style first. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed, and seven factors were identified: intellectuality, sensibility, activity, modesty, competence, display, keenness. There were significant differences between mannish style and feminine style in impression of wearer＇s age, job, and physical attractiveness as well as wearer＇s intellectuality and sensibility. It was revealed that the first impression and second impression of wearer＇s intellectuality, sensibility, modesty, competence, display were differed by the function of the order of stimuli shown to the subjects. Both primacy effect and recency effect of order effect were confirmed, and especially negativity effect was influenced prominently on impression formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1222-1233
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to classify the modern image by clothing design elements. This research was done by survey method with 25 kinds of modern image photos selected in fashion magazines. The data was analyzed by Reliability Analysis, Factor Analysis, MANOVA, One-Way ANOVA, Duncan's test and MDS. The results of this study are as follows: 1. modern image was classified by 5 factors. Those were sexy-modern, elegant-modern, natural-modern, mannish-modern and minimal-modern images. 2. Sexy-modern image was well-expressed by chromatic and chromatic color coordinations. Elegant-modern image was well-expressed by fitted silhouette, fit and achromatic and chromatic color coordinations. Natural-modern image was well-expressed by A silhouette, loose apparel-fit, chromatic and chromatic coordinations and soft texture. Mannish-modern image was well-expressed by H silhouette, loose apparel-fit, chromatic and chromatic color coordinations and hard texture. Minimal-modern image was well-expressed by H silhouette, tight or loose apparel-fit and soft texture. 3. modern image was positioned into mostly hard or masculine on image scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.160-171
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to classify the classic image by clothing design elements. This research was done by survey method with 20 kinds of classic image photos selected in fashion magazines. The data was analyzed by Reliability Analysis, Factor Analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's test and MDS. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Classic image was classified by 4 factors. Those were retro-classic, mannish-classic, elegant-classic and contemporary-classic images. 2. Retro-classic image was well-expressed by A silhouette and chromatic and chromatic color coordinations. Mannish-classic image was well-expressed by H silhouette, chromatic and achromatic color coordinations and hard texture. Elegant-classic image was well-expressed by fitted silhouette and chromatic and chromatic color coordinations. Contemporary-classic image was well-expressed by achromatic and achromatic color coordinations and hard texture. 3. Classic image was positioned into mostly retro and masculine on image scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.2 s.13
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• pp.1-4
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.412-426
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• 1989

This study investigated the relationship of consumer type to perferred and purchased Styles by clothing, life style, demographic, and information variables. Four consumer types were identified in study 1 (Kim, 1988). There were the casual, mannish, elegant, and feminine types. The present study used 20 line drawings representing the styles of summer '87 Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 624 consumers $15\~69$ years of age living in Seoul, and analyzed by multiple discriminant analysis, and CROSSTABS. Descriptive profiles of the four categories were developed differently by clothing, life style and demographic characteristics. Casual and elegant types were preferred by middle-aged and married women, while mannish and feminine types were preferred by unmarried and younger women. The preferred design types of these groups were related more to preferences for clothing styles than purchased styles. All variables except occupation contributed to discriminate purchased styles.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1025-1034
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the evaluation of fabric characteristics on the drapability, texture image and preference of blouse fabrics, and to analyze the effects of the texture image, objective and subjective drapability on the preference. As specimen, silk and polyester fabrics were collected. 52 female subjects evaluated 16 specimens with semantic differential scale of 18 fabric image and 20 sensibility. Data were analyzed through factor analysis, pearson correlational coefficient using spss win 12.0. For the evaluation, structural characteristics such as fiber contents, weave type, weight and thickness were analyzed. The results were as follows: The evaluation results of objective and subjective drapability showed differences. Sensory image factors of blouse fabrics were 'surface smoothness', 'elasticity', 'weight' and 'flexibility'. Sensibility image factors were 'elegance', 'classic', 'characteristic' and 'mannish'. 'Elegance', 'classic' and 'characteristic' of sensibility images showed high correlation with 'surface smoothness' and 'elasticity' of sensory image, also 'mannish' of sensibility image showed significant correlation with 'weight' of sensory image. The significant fabric characteristics affecting objective drapability were density, weight, thickness. The significant texture image factors affecting objective drapability were 'weight', 'flexibility' of sensory image and 'elegance' of sensibility image. On the other hand, the significant factors affecting subjective drapability were thickness of fabric characteristics and 'elegance', 'characteristic', 'mannish' of sensibility images. 'Elegance', 'characteristic' and 'classic' of sensibility image, 'elasticity' of sensory image and subjective drapability affected on the purchase preference.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the style of Marlene Dietrich who was a Hollywood legend in 1930s and has influenced on modern fashion. The characteristics of Dietrich style showed androgyny, sensualism and exoticism. Dietrich has been famous for wearing tailored pantsuit on and off-screen with mannish gesture and had great effect on women's wearing pants. Her confident, sexy mannish style represented her androgyny glamourously and proved she had a taste for a classic. Her sensualism focused on her famous legs because she understood the sex appeal of woman's legs. She showed her legs by wearing pants and decorative stockings, or matching colors of stockings and shoes to make her legs look longer and sexier by illusion. Her exoticism against a backdrop of black and white image, was presented with luxurious, sensual fabrics such as furs, feathers and velvet, along with dazzling accessaries. Also she didn't forget to manipulate angles of camera and lights for the engraving figure of her own. Her charisma directed her fashion image in detail and made herself a fashion icon in 1930s.