• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.43-52
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• 2020

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the change of the respiratory function of chronic low back pain patients after the thoracic manipulation and the trunk stability exercise on chronic low back pain patients. Methods : For this study, the group of the experiment was consisted of 44 patients suffering from the low back pain chronically. The participants were divided into two groups: the control group, which was assigned for core stabilization exercise (CSE), and the experimental group, which was randomly assigned for core stabilization exercise after thoracic manipulation (CSE+TM). Both groups carried out each assigned treatment on three times a week for 8 weeks. To study the change related to measurement variable from each test groups before and after intervention, paired t-test was performed. Further, the statistics for an intergroup comparison was analyzed by covariance analysis, ANCOVA. The measurement was conducted by the respiratory function, the respiratory function was measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁). Results : As a result, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) showed significant differences not only by each groups but also between those groups before and after the test. Conclusion : In conclusion, both experiments, the core stabilization exercise and the core stabilization exercise conducted after thoracic manipulation, on chronic low back pain patients resulted in the significant level of difference in the respiratory function. This result indicates that the thoracic manipulation is an efficient treatment for improving the respiratory function for chronic low back pain patients.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2022

A reward function suitable for a task is required to manipulate objects through reinforcement learning. However, it is difficult to design the reward function if the ample information of the objects cannot be obtained. In this study, a demonstration-based object manipulation algorithm called stochastic exploration guided by demonstration (SEGD) is proposed to solve the design problem of the reward function. SEGD is a reinforcement learning algorithm in which a sparse reward explorer (SRE) and an interpolated policy using demonstration (IPD) are added to soft actor-critic (SAC). SRE ensures the training of the critic of SAC by collecting prior data and IPD limits the exploration space by making SEGD's action similar to the expert's action. Through these two algorithms, the SEGD can learn only with the sparse reward of the task without designing the reward function. In order to verify the SEGD, experiments were conducted for three tasks. SEGD showed its effectiveness by showing success rates of more than 96.5% in these experiments.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.457-467
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• 2006

The following research compares two mostly-used apparel systems that are used in colleges of Korea, Gerber and PAD, by analyzing advantages and disadvantages of their Dart, Tuck and Pleats-related functions in pattern construction process. The results are the following: First, regarding transformation methods, Gerber system was able to use pivot method, while PAD system was able to use both pivot and slash method. As for movement, distribution, synthesis, folding, producing additional Dart function, the PAD system was not able to synthesize more than two Darts, and only showed differences for other functions. On the other hand, the diamond-shape Dart and diagonal Dart can be produced only in PAD system, while none of curvy shaped Dart can be produced in both systems. Second, as for pattern outer line connection capability, which is a Dart automatic transformation function, both systems showed unnatural shapes and need for correction. Third, when constructing according to the type of Tuck, we could distribute multiple Darts at a time with PAD system, while with Gerber system, distribution into multiple Darts at a time was impossible at all. Fourth, when constructing according to the contour of Pleats, Gerber system made it possible to make construction of multiple lines and box/inverted Pleats with just one order, but PAD system required repetitive tasks, which remains room for enhancement in regard to such inefficiency.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10b
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• pp.1779-1784
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• 1991

The problem of fine manipulation is considered in this paper. By fine manipulation, we mean the positioning of the object relative to the palm as opposed to gross manipulation by the arm. The compliance in the fingers and the object is modeled by linear springs. It is shown that the motion of the fingers and object can be predicted by minimizing a quadratic objective function. A method for simulating position control algorithms is developed.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.155-168
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• 2002

The purpose of study to know hand function in order to prevent disability or handicap. The ability to perform precise refined movements of hand is an important human function. Improvement in object manipulation is common goal of therapist. The ability to manipulate an object in the hand is need for many functional tasks, including writing, handling coins, small objects and ADL skills. Therapists have commonly used hand grip and pinch strengths as baseline measures to evaluate hand function. The patterns of grasps are precision grasp, power grasp, hook grasp, spherical grasp, sylindrical grasp, disc grasp, pinch, three point pinch and tip pinch. And the motion of in-manipulation are finger to palm translation, palm to finger, shift, simple rotation and complex rotation. The hand function are include to evaluate of ROM, sensation, muscle strength of hand. It used to evaluate of decision of effect and suppose of disability and acceptance of vocation. Good evaluation is need to pretreatment and baseline of treatment and help to evaluate of effect on treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.69-73
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• 2007

Objectives : With an assumption of the traditional oriental medical theory, we were to evaluate the effect of tonification/sedation-manipulated acupuncture on autonomic nervous activity in healthy subjects. Methods : This study is a randomized cross-over trial. We enrolled healthy subjects, and assigned them randomly into group A or group B. Group A received acupuncture therapy on Shen-Men (He-7) and Nei-Kuan (EH-6) with tonification-manipulation, while Group B received it with sedation-manipulation. Their heart rate variability was monitored for 2 hours. After 3 days of washout period, the subjects were crossed over to the other manipulation method, and the same procedures were performed. Results : There was no statistical significance in the change of RR, SDNN, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio between the tonification-manipulated and the sedation-manipulated groups. However, HF curve in the tonification manipulated group showed increasing tendency for 15 minutes after acupuncture. Conclusions :We suggest that the traditional tonification-manipulated acupuncture on Shen-Men and Nei-Kuan could increase parasympathetic activity shortly after acupuncture, but further evaluation on a larger sample size is needed to confirm this suggestion.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.4 s.35
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• pp.169-173
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• 1999

In this paper some modifications for Lu's inverse method of fairing process are presented. The object function is changed and additional constraints for hull curve foiling is proposed. The newly introduced minimizing object function is the sum of the distances between the two curve's positions at the same parameter values instead of the sum of the distances between two vertices. The new one is better to represent the physical meaning of the object function, the smaller differences between two curves. In ship hull fairing the end tangent of curve has to be fined in some cases, so the additional constraint is considered to preserve the direction of end tangent. The sample results are shown.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.359-372
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• 2000

Current CAD systems are good enough to be used as a tool to manipulate three-dimensional shapes. This is a very important capability to be owned by a design tool because a major portion of designers'activities is spent on the shape manipulation in the design detailing process. However, the whole design process involves a lot more than the, shape manipulation. Currently, these remaining tasks, mostly logical reasoning process for the function realization together with structure decomposition in the top-down manner, are processed in the designer's brain. To support the top-down functional design process of a mechanical product, a system integrating the functional, structural and geometrical aspects of a product design in a unified environment is presented. Using this system, a designer can perform function decomposition, structure decomposition, and geometry detailing, and function verification activities in parallel and the whole design process it modeled resultantly. Once the whole design process is modeled, any redesign task can be automatically performed with the verification of the desired functions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1613-1621
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• 1997

Many studies on internal data expression to process logic functions efficiently on computer have been doing actively. In this paper, we propose an efficient logic function manipulation system made on the Objected-Oriented manner, where Binary Decision Diagrams(BDD's) are adopted for internal data espressionof logic functions. Thus it is easy to make BDD's presenting combinational problems. Also, we propose a method of applying filtering function for reducing the size of BDD's instead of attributed bits, and add it to the mainpultion system. As a resutls, the space of address is expanded so that the number of node that can be used in the mainpulation system is increased up to 2/sup 27/. Finally, we apply the implemented system to One-Shot state assignment problems of asynchronous sequential circuits and show that it is efficient for the filtering method to reduce the size of BDD's.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.135-141
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to understand 4 groups in tentatively named "muscle coordinative manipulation" by Korean medicine. Methods : We researched some articles on meridian-muscle theory and muscle's action that are classified into 4 groups in muscle coordinative manipulation. Results : The outcome of examining the hypothesis is as follows: 1. The 1st hypothesis : 'Elevated shoulder' group mainly consists of muscles that are involved with shoulder elevation, abduction and external rotation. 'Lowered shoulder' group is mainly composed of muscles that acts of shoulder depression, adduction and internal rotation. 'Elevated pelvis' & 'Lowered pelvis' groups didn't show significant features by the movement of the hips. 2. The 2nd hypothesis : Most of muscles in 'elevated & lowered shoulder' groups are classified into 'hand taiyang' meridian-muscle. Most of muscles in 'elevated pelvis' group are included in 'foot jueyin' meridian-muscle. Most of muscles in 'lowered pelvis' group are classified into 'foot taiyang & foot yangming' meridian-muscle. Conclusions : There is no significant classification in muscles that comprise 4 groups in muscle coordinative manipulation when it comes to meridian-muscle theory and muscle function. More studies on chain reaction of muscle and subsequent analysis in Korean medicine are needed.