• 제목/요약/키워드: manganese intake

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지하수자원 확보를 위한 인공함양 기술 특허동향 및 장벽 분석 (Trend and Barrier in the Patents of Artificial Recharge for Securing Goundwater)

  • 김용철;서정아;고경석
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.59-75
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    • 2012
  • It is getting difficult to manage water resources in South Korea because more than half of annual precipitation is concentrated in the summer season and its intensity is getting severe due to global warming and climate change. Artificial recharge schemes can be a useful method to manage water resources in Korea adapting to climate change. Patent analysis enables us to prevent overlapping investment and to find out unoccupied technology. In this study, international patent trends and barriers of artificial recharge technology are analysed for patents of Korea, Japan, the United States and Europe. The four artificial recharge methods such as well recharge, surface infiltration, bank filtration and underground structures are classified as main class and the nine sub-technologies such as water intake, water treatment, injection wells, monitoring of groundwater flow, groundwater pumping, surface infiltration/soil aquifer treatment, radial collection well, iron/manganese treatment, and underground subsurface dam are classified as intermediate class. Water intake techniques are subdivided into five classifications. Total 1,281 of patents, searched by WIPS DB tool and selected after removing noisy patents, are analyzed quantitatively to evaluate application trends by year, applicant, country for each classified technologies and analyzed qualitatively to find out occupied and unoccupied technologies. It is expected that upcoming research and development project could be performed efficiently in that an avoidance plan for the similar patents and differentiation plan for the advancing patents are set up based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis results from this research.

대중음식중 중금속 함량 (Studies on the Heavy Metals of Common Restaurant Meals)

  • 김정헌;조남준;박성배
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.316-320
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    • 1989
  • 대중음식의 오염정도를 알아보기 위해 서울지역의 대중음식점에서 주로 이용되는 11종의 음식을 21개 지역 49개 식당에서 1인분씩 구득하여 7종의 중금속함량을 원자흡광광도계로 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. ${\cdot}$ 대중음식 한그릇당 중금속 평균함량은 납 $131.8{\mu}g$, 카드뮴 $18.4{\mu}g$, 크롬 $135.5{\mu}g$, 구리 $804.9{\mu}g$, 철 $7430.6{\mu}g$, 아연 $2807.4{\mu}g$, 망간 $841.6{\mu}g$이었다. ${\cdot}$ 대중음식으로부터 1일 1인 중금속 총섭취량은 FAO/WHO의 허용량보다 모두 낮은 수준이었다.

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Growth, Bone Mineralization and Mineral Excretion in Broiler Starter Chicks Fed Varied Concentrations of Cholecalciferol

  • Rama Rao, S.V.;Raju, M.V.L.N.;Shyam Sunder, G.;Panda, A.K.;Pavani, P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.237-244
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    • 2007
  • An experiment was conducted to study the growth performance, bone mineralization and mineral excretion in broiler starter chicks fed high levels of cholecalciferol (CC) at sub-optimal levels of calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). Five hundred and sixty day-old Vencobb female broiler chicks were housed in raised wire floor stainless steel battery brooder pens ($24"{\times}30"{\times}18"$) at the rate of five chicks per pen. A maize-soyabean meal basal diet was supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, oyster shell powder and synthetic CC to arrive at two levels each of Ca (0.50 and 0.60%), and NPP (0.25 and 0.30%) and four levels of CC (200, 1,200, 2,400 and 3,600 ICU/kg) in a $2{\times}3{\times}4$ factorial design. Each diet was fed ad libitum to chicks in 7 pens from 2 to 21days of age. Body weight gain, feed intake and bone weight increased (p<0.05) with increase in level of CC at both the Ca and NPP levels tested. The CC levels required to obtain significant improvement in body weight gain and feed intake reduced (2,400 ICU/kg vs. 1,200 ICU/kg) with increase in levels of P in diet (0.25% vs. 0.3%, respectively). The feed conversion ratio was significantly improved (p<0.05) with increase in level of CC from 200 to 1,200 ICU/kg diet at 0.5% Ca, while at 0.6% Ca, the level of CC in diet did not influence the feed efficiency. Tibia mineralization (density, breaking strength and ash content) and Ca and P contents in serum increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in levels of CC in diet. The CC effect on these parameters was more pronounced at lower levels of Ca and NPP (0.5 and 0.25%, respectively). The data on body weight gain and feed intake indicated that NPP level in diet can be reduced from 0.30 to 0.25% by increasing CC from 200 to 2,400 ICU/kg. Similarly, the bone mineralization (tibia weight, density and ash content) increased non-linearly (p<0.01) with increase in CC levels in diet. Concentrations of P and Mn in excreta decreased (p<0.01), by increasing CC level from 200 to 2,400 ICU/kg diet. It can be concluded that dietary levels of Ca and NPP could be reduced to 0.50 and 0.25%, respectively by enhancing the levels of cholecalciferol from 200 to 2,400 ICU/kg with out affecting body weight gain, feed efficiency and bone mineralization. Additionally, phosphorus and manganese excretion decreased with increase in levels of CC in broiler diet.

Effects of Graded Levels of Montmorillonite on Performance, Hematological Parameters and Bone Mineralization in Weaned Pigs

  • Duan, Q.W.;Li, J.T.;Gong, L.M.;Wu, H.;Zhang, L.Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제26권11호
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    • pp.1614-1621
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of graded levels of montmorillonite, a constituent of clay, on performance, hematological parameters and bone mineralization in weaned pigs. One hundred and twenty, 35-d-old crossbred pigs (Duroc${\times}$Large White${\times}$Landrace, $10.50{\pm}1.20$ kg) were used in a 28-d experiment and fed either an unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet or similar diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0% montmorillonite added at the expense of wheat bran. Each treatment was replicated six times with four pigs (two barrows and two gilts) per replicate. Feed intake declined (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01) with increasing level of montmorillonite while feed conversion was improved (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01). Daily gain was unaffected by dietary treatment. Plasma myeloperoxidase declined linearly (p = 0.03) with increasing dietary level of montmorillonite. Plasma malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were quadratically affected (p<0.01) by montmorillonite with increases observed for pigs fed the 0.5 and 1.0% levels which then declined for pigs fed the 2.5 and 5.0% treatments. In bone, the content of potassium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese and magnesium were decreased (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01) in response to an increase of dietary montmorillonite. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of montmorillonite at levels as high as 5.0% does not result in overt toxicity but could induce potential oxidative damage and reduce bone mineralization in pigs.

일부 젊은 성인여자의 Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo 및 Cr의 식사섭취, 혈청농도 및 소변배설 (Dietary Intakes, Serum Concentrations, and Urinary Excretions of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr of Korean Young Adult Women)

  • 김경희;임현숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제39권8호
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    • pp.762-772
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate dietary intakes, serum concentrations, and urinary excretions of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr) of Korean young adult women. A total of 19 apparently healthy young adult women aged in their twenties or thirties participated voluntarily. One-tenth of all foods they consumed for 3 consecutive days were collected, all urine excreted for the same 3 days was gathered, and fasting venous blood was withdrawn for the trace mineral analyses. Of the food, blood, and urine samples, the contents of Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and that of Fe by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) after wet digestion. The intake of Fe, $6.94{\pm}2.18mg$, did not meet the estimated average requirement (EAR) for Korean women aged 20-29 years old. On the contrary, the intakes of Zn ($9.35{\pm}4.95mg$), Cu ($1.18{\pm}0.26mg$), and Mn ($3.69{\pm}0.69mg$) were sufficient for each respective EAR. However, some of the subjects did not take the EAR for Zn. The Se intake, $41.93{\pm}9.28{\mu}g$, however, was almost similar to the EAR for Se. Although there are no references for Mo and Cr, the intakes of these minerals ($134.0{\pm}49.1\;and\;136.5{\pm}147.9{\mu}g$, respectively) seemed to be excessively sufficient. Serum Fe concentration, $88.7{\pm}36.8{\mu}g/dL$, seemed to be a little bit lower than its reference median but within its normal range. Approximately one-fourth of the subjects were in anemic determined by Hb and Hct and below the deficiency serum level of Fe, $60{\mu}g/dL$. In addition, serum Se concentration, $3.73{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/dL$, was also below its reference median and normal range. However, serum concentrations of Zn ($99.6{\pm}30.6{\mu}g/dL$) and Mo ($0.25{\pm}0.10{\mu}g/dL$) were fairly good compared to each reference median. The status of Cu could be determined as good although its serum concentration ($91.6{\pm}14.6{\mu}g/dL$) was slightly below its reference median. Since there are no decisive reference values, it was not easy to evaluate serum concentrations of Mn ($0.93{\pm}0.85{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($8.60{\pm}7.25{\mu}g/dL$). But Mn and Cr status seemed to be adequate. Urinary Fe excretion, $4.48{\pm}1.98{\mu}g/dL$, was pretty much lower than its reference and that of Se, $2.45{\pm}1.17{\mu}g/dL$, was also lower than its average. On the other hand, those of Zn ($42.95{\pm}20.47{\mu}g/dL$) and Cu ($5.68{\pm}1.50{\mu}g/dL$) were flirty good. In case of Mn, urinary excretion, $0.31{\pm}0.09{\mu}g/dL$, was much greater than its reference. Urinary excretions of Mo ($7.48{\pm}2.95{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($1.37{\pm}0.41{\mu}g/dL$) were very higher compared to each reference. The results of this study revealed that Korean young adult women were considerably poor in Fe status, a bit inadequate in Se status, partly inadequate in Zn status, and flirty good in Cu, Mn, Mo and Cr status. However, there was a problem of excessive intakes of Mo and Cr. It, therefore, should be concerned to increase the intakes of Fe, Se and Zn but to decrease Mo and Cr consumption for young adult women.

Allium속 식용식물의 섭취가 Streptozotocin 유발 당뇨 흰쥐의 혈당, 지질 및 무기질 수준에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Allium Vegetable Intake on Levels of Plasma Glucose, Lipid and Minerals in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats)

  • 안영미;임숙자;한혜경;최성숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제39권5호
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    • pp.433-443
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    • 2006
  • 한국산 식용 및 약용식물의 항당뇨 효과 탐색 연구로 본 연구에서는 Allium속 식물 중 식품으로 다양하게 사용하고 있는 5가지 양파, 파, 마늘, 부추 및 산마늘을 냉동건조하고 분말화하여 첨가한 식이를 STZ로 유발시킨 당뇨 흰쥐에게 28일간 섭취시킨 후 혈장 포도당, 지질 함량 및 간장내 무기질 함량을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) STZ에 의한 당뇨유발로 당뇨대조군의 체중은 감소하였으나 당뇨실험군의 체중은 증가하는 경향을 보였고 특히 마늘섭취군에서는 유의적인 체중 증가를 나타내었다. 식이이용효율에서도 당뇨대조군은 다식현상으로 식이섭취량은 체중증가량이 적어 음 (-)의 식이효율을 나타내었고 양파섭취군과 마늘섭취군 및 부추섭취군은 유의적으로 높은 식이효율을 보였다. 2) 장기의 무게는 당뇨대조군과 당뇨실험군에 비해 마늘섭취군의 신장 무게가 유의적으로 낮아 신장 비대를 엊제한 것으로 나타났으며 다른 장기에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. AST 활성도는 실험군간에 유의성이 없는 결과를 나타내었으나 ALT 활성도는 마늘섭취군에서 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 3) 당뇨대조군은 고혈당이 지속된 반면 마늘섭취군의 혈당은 실험 1주째부터 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보여 혈당 억제 효과를 나타내었으며 부추섭취군도 실험 4주째에는 유의적으로 낮은 수준의 혈당을 나타내었다. 간장 글리코겐 함량은 정상군에 비해 모든 당뇨유발군이 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 나타내었으나 당뇨대조군에 비해 Allium속 식물의 섭취는 모두 높은 수치를 보이었다. 4) 혈장 내 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 유리지방산, HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 각 실험군간의 유의차가 없었으며 폐의 MDA 함량은 당뇨대조군에 비해 양파섭취군, 마늘섭취군, 부추섭취군과 산마늘섭취군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. Allium속 식물 중 마늘과 부추는 고혈당의 수준을 저하시키거나 억제시켜 혈당을 개선할 수 있으며 부추와 산마늘섭취가 혈당저하에는 관련되지 않았으나 조직의 과산화지질 감소에는 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 당뇨병의 주요증세가 고혈당 그리고 다식임에도 불구하고 급격한 체중감소를 보인다는 점에서 본 실험결과는 Allium속 식물을 당뇨동물에게 급여함으로써 체중저하를 방지하고 당대사를 개선함으로써 당뇨병의 증세가 어느 정도 호전될 수 있음을 보여준다. Allium속 식물이라도 함유된 생리활성 성분에 따라 다른 생리적 기능을 나타낼 수 있으므로 그 생리활성성분을 고려한 적절한 섭취는 그 효능을 극대화할 수 있음을 추정할 수 있으며 각 성분에 대한 생리 활성에 대해서는 더 깊은 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. 또한 그 자체로서 항산화 작용에 관여하거나 다양한 체내 산화스트레스에 대해 영향을 받는 Cr, Zn, Fe 및 Mn과 같은 미량 원소들의 체내 반응 기작에 관해서는 앞으로 좀더 연구해야 할 과제라고 사료된다.

인삼 및 인삼제품류의 중금속 함량 (Heavy Metal Contents in Ginseng and Ginseng Products)

  • 허수정;김미혜;박성국;이종옥
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.329-333
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구는 국내 유통 중인 인삼 및 인삼제품류 8종 100건에 대하여 중금속 함량을 조사 평가하고자 수행하였다. 유도결합 플라즈마분광기(ICP), 원자흡광광도계(AAS) 및 수은분석기 둥을 이용하여 납, 카드뮴 등 중금속을 측정하였다. 인삼(n=30) 중 납 등 중금속 함량은 다음과 같았다[min-mak(mean), 단위 mg/kg]. Hg은 0.002-0.02(0.007), Pb은 0.018-0.39(0.106), Cd은 0.004-0.413(0.106), As는 불검출 -0.094(0.013), Cu는 0.24-5.5(3.2), Mn 3.18-50.4(20.09), Zn은 0.76-44.27(13.42). 또한 인삼제품류 (n=70)에 대한 중금속 함량은 다음과 같았다[min-max(mean), 단위 mg/kg]. Hg은 0.0001-0.002(0.001), Pb은 0.001-0.133(0.017), Cd는 불검출 -0.181(0.008), Cu는 불검출 -1.1(0.13), Mn 0.73-30.15(1.61), Zn은 0.02-13.42(1.02). 본 연구결과, 우리나라 국민의 인삼 및 인삼제품류를 통한 수은, 납, 카드뮴 섭취량은 FAO/WHO에서 설정한 잠정주간섭취허용량의 0.003%, 0.01%, 0.02%로 매우 낮게 나타났다.

Dietary Calcium and Non-phytin Phosphorus Interaction on Growth, Bone Mineralization and Mineral Retention in Broiler Starter Chicks

  • Rao, S.V. Rama;Raju, M.V.L.N.;Reddy, M.R.;Pavani, P.;Sunder, G. Shyam;Sharma, R.P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.719-725
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    • 2003
  • An experiment was conducted to study the requirement of calcium (Ca) and non-phytin phosphorus (NPP) in commercial broilers during starter phase. Seven hundred and twenty day-old Vencob male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 144 stainless steel battery brooders, 5 birds in each. Four levels each of Ca (6, 7, 8, and 9 g/kg) and NPP (3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 g/kg diet) were fed in a factorial design in a corn-soya basal diet. Levels of dicalcium phosphate and oyster shell grit were adjusted to obtain the desired levels of Ca and NPP. Each diet was fed ad libidum to chicks in 9 battery brooders from one d to 21 d of age. Body weight gain and feed intake were depressed (p<0.01) by increasing the dietary Ca level (8 and 9 g/kg) at lower levels of NPP (3 and 3.5 g/kg diet). The growth depression observed at lower NPP level was alleviated by reducing the Ca content to 6 g/kg diet. The tibia ash content and tibia breaking strength increased with increase in both Ca (>6 g/kg) and NPP (>3 g/kg) levels. The leg abnormality score decreased (p<0.01) with increase in NPP content in the diet at all levels of Ca tested. The serum Ca and inorganic P levels were increased with increase in the level of the respective mineral in the diet, but the serum concentration of Ca and P were inversely related to the level of NPP and Ca, respectively /kg diet. In general, the excretion of macro minerals (Ca, and P), and micro minerals {zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu)} was significantly lower at lower levels of Ca and NPP tested (6 and 3 g/kg diet, respectively). The mineral excretion increased with increase in dietary Ca and NPP levels, more conspicuously at the disproportionate ratio of these minerals (>2:1, Ca and NPP). Similarly, the retention of Zn, Mn, and Fe in liver was significantly higher (p<0.01) at lower levels of Ca and NPP tested. Results from this study indicate that the commercial broilers do not require more than 3 g NPP and 6g Ca/kg diet during starter phase (up to 21 d of age) for optimum weight gain, feed efficiency and utilization of Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu. However, the requirements of these minerals for optimum bone mineralization were higher than the levels suggested above.

우리나라 다류의 중금속 함량 및 안전성 평가 (Trace Metal Contents in Tea Products and Their Safety Evaluations)

  • 정소영;김정수;김은정;박성국;김미혜;홍무기;김명철;이종옥
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제35권5호
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    • pp.812-817
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 우리나라 식품공전의 다류제품 중 중금속 함량을 파악하여 우리나라 및 외국의 모니터링, 기준과 비교함으로써 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 총 200건의 다류제품에 대하여 ICP, AAS 및 Mercury analyzer를 이용하여 측정한 납 등 중금속 평균함량은 Hg: 0.003 mg/kg, Pb: 0.03 mg/kg, Cd: 0.007 mg/kg, As: 0.006 mg/kg, Cu: 2.73 mg/kg, Mn: 66.91 mg/kg, Zn: 4.54 mg/kg, A1: 85.53 mg/kg으로 외국에서 보고된 결과와 유사하거나 낮은 수준이었다. 또한 우리나라 국민이 다류를 통해 섭취하는 납, 카드뮴, 수은 등 유해중금속의 섭취량은 FAO/WHO에서 설정한 PTWI의 $0.1{\sim}0.2%$ 이하로 매우 낮았다.

Effect of supplementing hydroxy trace minerals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) on egg quality and performance of laying hens under tropical conditions

  • Vasan Palanisamy;Sakthivel PC;Lane Pineda;Yanming Han
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제36권11호
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    • pp.1709-1717
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    • 2023
  • Objective: A pivotal study was designed to investigate the effect of Hydroxy (HYC) Cu, Zn, and Mn on egg quality and laying performance of chickens under tropical conditions. Methods: A total of 1,260 Babcock White laying hens (20-wk-old) were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments with 15 replicates of 21 hens each in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The birds were reared for 16 weeks and were fed the corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with one of the following mineral treatments: T1, inorganic (INO, 15 ppm CuSO4, 80ppm MnSO4 and 80 ppm ZnO); T2, Hydroxy-nutritional level (HYC-Nut, 15 ppm Cu, 80 ppm Mn, 80 ppm Zn from Hydroxy); T3, Hydroxy-Low (HYC-Low, 15 ppm Cu, 60 ppm Mn, 60 ppm Zn from Hydroxy); T4, Hydroxy plus inorganic (HYC+INO, 7.5 ppm HYC Cu+7.5 ppm CuSO4, 40 ppm HYC ZnO+40 ppm ZnSO4, 40 ppm HYC Mn+40 ppm MnSO4). The egg production was recorded daily, while the feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg mass were determined at the end of each laying period. The egg quality parameters were assayed in eggs collected over 48 h in each laying period. Results: Overall, no significant effect of treatments was observed on percent egg production, egg weight and FCR (p>0.05). Feed intake was significantly lower in birds fed Hydroxy plus inorganic (p<0.05) diet. The supplementation of HYC-Low significantly increased the egg mass compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). HYC supplementation alone or in combination with INO elicited a positive effect on shell thickness, shell weight, shell weight per unit surface area, yolk colour, albumen and yolk index for a certain period (p<0.05), but not throughout the whole laying period. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of HYC-Low (15-60-60 mg/kg) showed similar effects on production performance and egg quality characteristics in laying hens as compared to 15-80-80 mg/kg of Cu-Zn-Mn from inorganic sources. This indicates that sulphate based inorganic trace minerals can effectively be substituted by lower concentration of hydroxyl minerals.