• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2002

Purpose : We examined the relationships between the root curvatures of the mandibular third molars and their locations on the mandible, so that it might be contributed to elucidate the origin of the formation and development of the Korean mandibular third molar and help many clinicians to treat the mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods : Panoramic radiographs of 237 patients who had been treated at Korea University Ansan Hospital from March, 2000 to April, 2001 and had bilateral mandibular third molars were examined and analyzed. Results : There was no statistically significant difference between men and women (p<0.05). But there were significantly fewer subjects with bilateral curved roots in bilateral third molars regardless of their status (p<0.01) and were statistically significant differences between the groups with bilateral curved roots in the mandibular third molars with same status and with unilateral curved roots in the mandibular third molars with different status and between the groups with unilateral curved roots in the mandibular third molars with same status and with bilateral curved roots in the mandibular third molars with different status(p<0.05). Subjects with bilateral curved roots in the mandibular third molars with bilateral partial impacted status and with bilateral curved roots in the mandibular third molars with bilateral complete eruption status were significantly fewer (p<0.01) and subjects with the mandibular third molars with partial impacted and complete impacted status and with the mandibular third molars with complete erupted and partial impacted status had significantly fewer bilateral curved roots (p<0.05). Conclusions : When we postulate that it is genetic and environmental factors that affect the root formation, it seems that environmental factors have more effects on the formation of the mandibular third molars than on that of the mandibular first and second molars

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2001

Any fracture passing through the socket of a teeth is compounded intraorally, even if the fracture is not displaced and the tooth is firm in its socket. Before the advent of antibiotic therapy the danger of infection in a compounded fracture posed severe problems in treatment. Infection is reduced by antibiotic therapy but prolonged use of antibiotics is not justified in an attempt to save a tooth which might eventually be sacrificed. There is still controversy in the management of third molar in mandibualr angle fracture, particulary in regard to their retention or removal at the time of fracture treatment. So we surveyed the 159 patients who were treated with open reduction of mandibular angle fracture containing third molar in fracture line, and compared with the postoperative infection rate depending on time intervals between injury and operation, eruption state of third molar, non-extraction or extraction of third molar related to eruption state, non-extraction or extraction of third molar related to condiition of third molar and its surrounding periodontium and were to propose treatment guidline of third molar in mandibular angle fracture The results obtained were as follows : 1. There were no statistical significance between the time from injury to operation and postoperative infection. 2. There were no statistical significance between eruption state of third molar and postoperative infection. 3. In case of retention of the third molar, there were no statistical significance between eruption state of third molar and postoperative infection, but in case of extraction, postoperative infection was high rate in complete impacted cases. 4. There were no statistical significance between non-extraction or extraction of third molar and postoperative infection depending on condition of third molar. There are no difference in infection rate statistically according to the time from injury to operation, eruption state and condition of third molar, but retention of third molar revealed lowered infection rate in completely impacted cases. By terms of the manegement of third molar, we should extract or preserve third molar in the line of the mandibular angle fracture according to possibility of infection.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.163-167
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the position of the mandibular canal in relation to the mandibular third molar by cone beam CT in cases showing a close relationship between the third molar and the mandibular canal on the panoramic radiograph. Materials and Methods : The panoramic images and cone beam CT scans of 87 impacted mandibular third molars in 60 patients were evaluated to assess the tooth relationship to the mandibular canal. The clearness of the canal wall and the vertical depth of the lower third molar were evaluated on panoramic radiographs. The lower third molars were assessed using cone beam CT to determine the proximity and position of the canal relative to the roots. Results : In the 66 cases where the canal wall was unclear on the panoramic radiographs, 58 (87.9%) of the third molars had contact between the canal and root; 34 (51.5%) canals were showed an inferior position and 22 (33.3%) showed a linguoinferior position on cone beam CT. Conclusion : Interruption of the canal wall on panoramic radiographs was highly predictive of contact between the mandibular canal and the third molar. Cross sectional CT may be indicated for localization of the mandibular canal in such cases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2011

Purpose: Fibrillar collagens like type I collagen, are the major constituent of the extracellular matrix and structural protein of bone. Also, it can be a scaffold for osteoblast migration. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of absorbable atelo-collagen sponge (Teruplug$^{(R)}$, Terumo biomaterials Co., Tokyo, Japan) insertion in tooth extraction sites on periodontal healing of the second molar, healing of the fractured mandibular bone and new bone formation of third molar socket after the extraction of the impacted third molar with mandibular angle fracture. Methods: In our study of six cases of mandibular angle fractures, all of them underwent the extraction of the third molar tooth & absorbable atelo-collagen sponge insertion in tooth extraction site. Three of them had a intraoral infection & oral opening to fracture site, two of the six had dental caries, and only one had reduction problem due to third molar position. Six consecutive patients with noncomminuted fractures of the mandibular angle were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using one noncompression miniplates and screws placed through a transoral incision. Results: All of the patients have showed good postoperative functions and have not experienced complications requiring second surgical intervention. There was well healing of the mandibular bone and the most new bone formation of third molar socket after the extraction of the impacted third molar with mandibular angle fracture. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that absorbable atelo-collagen sponge is relatively favorable bone void filler with prevention of tissue collapse, food packing, and enhance periodontal healing. Thus, the use of atelo-collagen sponge and one noncompression miniplate seems to be relatively easy, safe, and effective for the treatment of fractures of the mandibular angle and third molar extraction.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2016

Prophylactic removal of impacted third molars is a common procedure in dentistry, but the necessity of routine extraction is still controversial. When impacted third molars caused severe apical root resorption of the second molars, orthodontic traction of the third molars after extraction of the damaged second molars could minimize alveolar bone defect and preserve the patient's natural teeth. By well-planned orthodontic treatment, functional occlusion was established avoiding extraction of the impacted teeth and eliminating the possibility of a large bone defect after extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

Background : The surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar can result in considerable pain, swelling, and dysfunction that patient are incapable of work for several days. Factors contributing to post operative swelling, trismus and pain are complex. There is no question but that the procedure of surgically removing an impacted mandibular third molar is inherently a traumatic one and that some sequelae related to the inflammation response are expected. Meticulous surgical technique will minimize the sequelae of inflammation but will not prevent them. In an effort to minimize these sequelae the use of steroid was instituted. Patients and Methods : Present study was to investigate the effect of one preoperative steroid injection in the masseter muscle to the patients(male 9, female 11) who needed prophylactic removal of bilateral, symmetrical, impacted wisdom teeth in the mandible on the complaint like swelling, trismus and pain. through Double-Blind test. Results : 1. After 24 hours investigation, preoperative steroid injection had significantly reduced swelling with 39% and trismus with 57.5%. 2. $7^{th}$ post operative day investigation, reduced swelling and trismus had shown, however, not significant. 3. There wasn't major difference from the group who took preve-ntive steroid in the visual analogue scale, the first analgesic intake time and the pain period. 4. There wasn't any adverse reaction of steroid for 20 patient From the above result, If the patients are not contraindication to steroid and pronounced post operative reaction can be expected the use of steroid to the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is recommended.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2015

Impacted teeth occur at higher frequencies in permanent than primary dentition. The most frequently affected teeth are the maxillary and mandibular third molars, whereas it is quite uncommon for the mandibular first molar to be impacted. Treatment methods for impacted teeth include continuous examination for independent eruption, surgical exposure, subluxation after surgical exposure, orthodontic traction, and surgical repositioning. If all of these treatments fail, tooth extraction may be considered. In the first case study, an 8-year-old boy was treated with surgical exposure, after which he was fitted with an obturator. His mandibular first molar then erupted successfully. In the second case, we treated a 12 year-old boy using orthodontic traction. This study describes children with tooth eruption disorders of the mandibular first molar in mixed dentition, and reports acceptable results regarding treatment of the impacted teeth.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.376-381
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between third molar (M3) and mandibular fracture. Methods: Patients with unilateral mandibular angle or condyle fractures between 2008 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Medical records were reviewed regarding the location of fractures, and panoramic radiographs were reviewed to discern the presence and position of ipsilateral mandibular third molars (M3). We measured the bony area of the mandibular angle (area A) and the bony area occupied by the M3 (area B) to calculate the true mandibular angle bony area ratio (area A-B/area A×100). Results: The study consisted of 129 patients, of which 60 (46.5%) had angle fractures and 69 (53.5%) had condyle fractures. The risk of angle fracture was higher in the presence of M3 (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; p< 0.05) and the risk of condyle fracture was lower in the presence of M3 (OR, 0.45; p< 0.05), than in the absence of M3. The risk of angle fracture was higher in the presence of an impacted M3 (OR, 0.3; p< 0.001) and the risk of condyle fracture was lower in the presence of an impacted M3 (OR, 3.32; p< 0.001), than in the presence of a fully erupted M3. True mandibular angle bony area ratio was significantly lower in the angle fractures than in the condyle fractures (p= 0.003). Conclusion: Angle fractures had significantly lower true mandibular angle bony area ratios than condyle fractures. True mandibular angle bony area ratio, a simple and inexpensive method, could be an option to predict the mandibular fracture patterns.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.37 no.2 s.357
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• pp.126-130
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• 1999

Forty healty patients (15 males and 25 females) between 19 and 45 years of age with mandibular impacted third molar were selected for this tudy. A visual analog scale from 0 to 100 was used on the day of the procedure and on the first postoperative day for patient pain assessment. 1. In comparative study according to anesthesia, preoperative medication, depth of impacted teeth and gender, there were a variable range of pain and no significant differences statistically. 2. Intraoperative pain was the highest in the 2nd decade and first postoperative pain was the highest in the 3rd decade (P=0.0398) 3. Intraoperative and postoperative pain of operative duration below 10 minutes were the lower than that between 11 to 20 minutes (P=0.0398)

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.370-375
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• 1999

To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic administration in the impacted mandibular third molar extraction the author investigated 107 patients requiring extraction of the lower third molar who visited at the Department of oral and maxillofacial Surgery, Chosun Dental Hospital and were healthy without medical problems and had no signs and symptoms of infection around the lower third molar. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the method of antibiotics administration: 13 patients without antibiotics administration(group 1), 30 patients with only intravenous injection of $Cefazoline^{(R)}$ 2.0g 30 minutes before the procedure(group 2), 39 patients with intravenous injection of $Cefazoline^{(R)}$ 2.0g 30 minutes before the procedure and oral administration of follow-up dosages of $Augmentin^{(R)}$ for 1 day(group 3), and 25 patients with intravenous injection of $Cefazoline^{(R)}$ 2.0g 30 minutes before the procedure and oral administration of follow-up dosages of $Augmentin^{(R)}$ for 3 day(group 4). Infection rates after extraction were calculated and compared according to gender, the age of the patients, the level of impaction, and also compared between four groups. The results were as follows. 1. The overall infection rate was 8.4%. 2. The infection rate was higher in male(11.9%) than in female(4.2%), but there were statistically no significant differences between them. 3. Infection rate was lower in patients under age 30(7.2%) than in patients over age 30(12.5%), but there were statistically no significant between them. 4. Infection rate was higher in patients with complete bony impacted tooth(11.1%) than in patients with partial bony impacted tooth(6.5%), but there were statistically no significant differences between them. 5. Infection rate was 7.7% in group 1, 10.0% in group 2, 10.3% in group 3, 4.0% in group 4 and there were statistically no significant differences between groups. In summary, it is more important to extract the impacted lower third molar under aseptic condition and to minimize the injury of tissue if possible than to administer the preventive antibiotics in reducing the infection rate in healthy patients without medical problems who had no signs and symptoms of infection around the lower third molar.