• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

Mancozeb, a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate (EBDC), is used widely in agriculture as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Mancozeb can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to human and has been reported to induce estrogenic activity, therein it is considered as an endocrine disrupter, We investigated the effects of acute exposure of Mancozeb on the immune function in mice. After single oral administration of Mancozeb to female ICR mice, the immunopathological parameters (body- and organ-weight, splenic cellularity hematological parameters), mitogen (Con A, PHA+IL-2, LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation (SP) and splenic IgM plaque forming cell (PFC). WBC and splenic cellularity were decreased, but liver-, kidney-, and spleen-weight were increased when compared with control group. Splenic IgM PFC against SRBC was slightly lowered. Mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen cells from Mancozeb-treated mice was not signifcantly changed ex vivo, however, SP in vitro were significantly lowered in concentration dependent manner. These results indicate that Mancozeb could affect the immune function in mice.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2004

Mancozeb, a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate (EBDC), is used widely in agriculture as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Mancozeb can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to human and has been reported to induce estrogenic activity, therein it is considered as an endocrine disrupter. After female ICR mice were treated Mancozeb orally at the doses of 250, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg/day for consecutive 30 day, we investigated the effects of Mancozeb on the immunopathological parameters (body-, thymus-, spleen-, liver- and kidny-weight, splenic cellularity, hematological parameters) and mitogen (Con A, LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation (SP). Liver- and kidney- weight were increased, but body- and thymus-weight, number of splenocytes and WBC were decreased, when compared with control group. When splenocytes isolated from the mice exposed to Mancozeb for 30 days were cultured in presence of mitogens, the SP against Con A was significantly and dose-dependently decreased and the SP against LPS was also slightly decreased. Our present results indicate that subacute exposure of Mancozeb to mice might show immunotoxic effect.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 2022

Although pesticides are recognized as necessary substances to improve agricultural production, exposure to pesticides is known to have a direct or indirect adverse effect on the reproductive function of mammals. The present study examines the effects of mancozeb, a well-known fungicide, on the fertility capacity of spermatozoa. Boar spermatozoa exposed to varying concentrations of mancozeb (0.01 - 0.5 µM) were evaluated for motility, motion kinetic parameters, viability, acrosome integrity and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) after 30 min or 2 hrs of incubation. A significant reduction in the motility of spermatozoa was observed upon exposure to mancozeb. Similarly, there was a significant reduction of the motion kinematics of sperm treated with mancozeb as compared to untreated controls (p < 0.05). The sperm viability percentage and acrosome integrity also showed dose-dependent decreases upon exposure to mancozeb. High concentrations of mancozeb (0.2 - 0.5 µM) induced higher levels of intracellular ROS production, which resulted in the loss of the sperm membrane and decreased sperm motility due to oxidative stress. Taken together, the results here indicate that direct exposure to mancozeb affects the sperm fertility capacity. Hence, careful research that examines the interaction between reproduction and environmental toxins is crucial to prevent fertility disorders in animals.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2002

국내에서 사용중인 농약에 대한 농민의 농약 노출량 및 양상을 조사하고자 내분비계 장애 물질로 추정되는 Mancozeb의 살포 시 작업자의 피부 노출량 및 호흡 노출량 측정을 감귤농장에서 실시하였다. 피부노출 측정은 Patch법(50$\textrm{cm}^2$)을 사용하였고 손 노출은 순면장갑을 사용하였다. 호흡노출은 XAD-2 resin 흡착제와 Personal air monitor(2L/min)를 이용, 측정하였다. Mancozeb 분석은 CS$_2$법을 이용하였고 patch, resin, 장갑, 마스크, 소변에서 Mancozeb의 회수율 및 포장회수율 모두 90%이상이었다. 감귤 재배시 Mancozeb 사용에 따른 피부노출량은 여자가 약 1800mg/hr, 남자는 약 1300mg/hr 이었고 주로 배, 등, 상박 그리고 허벅지에 노출량이 많았다. 호흡노출은 관찰되지 않았고 소변에서도 Mancozeb는 관찰되지 않았다. 위해성 평가를 위해 PDE, AQE 및 MOS를 구하였으며 MOS는 Severn의 공식을 이용하였다. MOS는 여자가 0.37, 남자가 0.58이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of conversion and residue for two EBDCs fungicides (mancozeb and metiram) and their metabolite, ethylenethiourea (ETU) under laboratory conditions. The sampling on the pesticides was done at 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 19, 22 and 26 days. The amounts of their residues and ETU were analyzed with an HPLC-DAD. The average recoveries were $86.9{\pm}4.3\;and\;90.2{\pm}8.0%$ for mancozeb, $85.2{\pm}2.4\;and\;98.6{\pm}1.6%$ for metiram, and $64.1{\pm}3.4\;and\;80.0{\pm}4.6%$ for ETU. The half-lives of mancozeb and metiram were 7.5 and 27.8 day, respectively. The conversion rates of mancozeb and metiram to ETU ranged from 4.7 to 67.2% and from 7.5 to 34.6%, respectively. These results may be different under the real environmental conditions. Therefore, following many studies are recommended to make the criteria for applying the use and safety for mancozeb and metiram.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.280.1-280.1
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• 2002

Mancozeb. a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylean bisdithiocarbamate(EBDC). is used widely in agriculture as fungicides. and herbicides. Macozeb has been reported to induce teratogenic and carcinogenic effect. But the immunomodulating effects of Mancozeb exposure have not been systemically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mancozeb on immunoglobulin production. (omitted)

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the effect of mixing with paraffin oil on rainfastness of mancozeb on citrus fruits and assay the improvement of control effect of mancozeb against citrus melanose by mixing with paraffin oil. In artificial rainfall condition (7.2 mm/hr), the attached contents of mancozeb on detached fruits were the most in treatment of mancozeb 0.2% + paraffin oil 0.1% as the contents was $7.43{\mu}g/cm^2$ after treatment of rainfall for 10 hr. In open field condition, the contents of attached mancozeb on fruits were significantly more in treatment of mancozeb 0.2% + paraffin oil 0.1% or 0.25% than the other treatments 1, 15 and 25 days after treatment 2009 and 2010 seasons. The disease incidence was significantly lower in treatment of mancozeb 0.2% + paraffin oil 0.1% or 0.25% than treatment of mancozeb 0.2% only 2009, 2010 and 2011 seasons. Based on this study, it was suggested that the control effect of mancozeb against citrus melanose can be improved by mixing with paraffin oil.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.263-272
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• 2000

A field study was carried out to find out the effective chemical for controlling algae without visual injury on creeping bentgrass golf greens. The results were as follows. 1. Chlorothalonil(75%), Metalaxy(7.5%)+Mancozeb(56%) and Mancozeb(75%) did not injure creeping bentgrass. Only chlorothalonil(75%) effectively controlled algae regardless of concentration among above mentioned 3 fungicides. 2. Mancozeb frequently used on golf courses showed about 50% effect on controling algae in this study. 3. Mancozeb(75%)+Copper hydroxide(73%) and Mancozeb(75%)+Streptomycin(100%) had good effects on algae control while injuring creeping bentgrass. 4. Copper hydroxide(73%) and copper sulfate basic(58%) $including\ulcorner$Cu$\lrcorner$showed effective algae control but caused injure creeping bentgrass. 5. Streptomycin has been scarcely used on golf greens but streptomycin(20%) 0.1g a.i/$\m^2$ had good control of algae and durability without injuring creeping bentgrass.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.114.1-114.1
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• 2003

Mancozeb is a protective fungicide on plants and a polymeric complex of ethylene bisdithiocarbamate manganese with zinc salt. It is reported to induce teratogenic and carcinogenic effect in laboratory animals. But the immunomodulating effects of Mancozeb exposure have not been systemically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mancozeb on cell-mediated immunity in mice. For ex vivo assessment, mice were orally exposed to Mancozeb dissolved in distilled water as concentrations of 2,500, 5,000, 10,000 mg/kg for single occasion (acute exposure) or 250, 1,000, 1,500 mg/kg/day 5 days a week for 30days(subacute). (omitted)

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.224-228
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• 2003

Five commercial chemicals, Dimethomorph, Foseyl-Al, Oxadixyl + Mancozeb, Propamocarb hydrochloride, and Metalaxyl, were tested for control of tobacco black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae) and/or delaying buildup of the resistant population to Metalaxyl which has been used for control of the disease in Korean tobacco farms. Propamocarb hydrochloride seemed to have a cross-resistance to the Metalaxyl resistant isolates showing similar response with Metalaxyl in vitro. Meanwhile, Dimethomorph+Mancozeb and Oxadixyl+Mancozeb were selected to be the promising chemicals which are able to be alternative to Metalaxyl for the black shank control in accordance with in vitro and in field trial.