• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.565-571
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• 1996

Aspergillus oryzae A Tee 2114를 사용하여 $\beta$-mannanase의 생산에 영향을 주는 배지성분의 최적 화를 수행하였다. 탄소원인 locust bean gum의 농 도를 달리하여 발효를 수행하였다. Locust bean gum의 농도가 20 g/L 이상일 때는 초기의 점도가 높아 혼합이 거의 되지 않아 초기에 $\beta$-mannanase 의 생산이 지 연되는 현상이 나타났고. Locust bean g gum의 농도가 증가할수록 $\beta$-mannanase의 역가와 균체농도가 비례척으로 증가하였다. Locust bean gum 10 g/L 배지에서 여러 가지 질소원이 $\beta$-mann anase의 생산에 미치는 영향을 살펴 본 결과,B-man n nanase의 역가는 무기질소원 중에서는 $(NH-4)_2SO_4$가 좋았으며 유기질소원 중에서는 malt extract가 가장 좋았다. 여러 가지 무기엽의 최적화를 수행한 결과 KH,PO.가 $\beta$-mannanase의 생산에 중요한 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 배지최적화 결과 최적배지 로 locust bean gum 10 giLt malt extract 3 g/L, $(NH-4)_2SO_4 2 g/L, KH_2PO_4$ 10 g/L이 결정되었으며 이때 $\beta$mannanase의 역가는 거의 6 unit/mL에 접 근하였다. 최적배지를 사용하여 발효조에서 배양을 수행하였다. 발효조의 흔합효과로 배양초기에 나타 나는 $\beta$-mannanase 생산 지 연현상을 감소시 킬 수 있었고 배양시간도 단축할 수 있었다. 27시간 배양 한 후 $\beta$mannanase의 역가 9.7 unit/mL와 비 $\beta$-mannanase의 역가 1.9 unit/mg-cell-을- 얻었다. 이 때, 생산성은 0.36 unit/mL. h이었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2014

Objective: A recent study suggested that rs6504340, a polymorphism within the homeobox B (HOXB) gene cluster, is associated with the susceptibility for malocclusions in Europeans. The resulting malocclusions require orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs6504340 and other dentition-implicated polymorphisms with dental and occlusal traits in Korean and Japanese populations. Methods: The study participants included 223 unrelated Koreans from the Busan area and 256 unrelated Japanese individuals from the Tokyo metropolitan area. DNA samples were extracted from saliva specimens. Genotyping for rs6504340 and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been shown to be associated with the timing of first tooth eruption and the number of teeth at 1 year of age (rs10506525, rs1956529, rs9674544, and rs8079702) was performed using TaqMan assays. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), overjet, overbite, arch length discrepancy, crown sizes, and length and width of the dental arches were measured. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate relationships between rs6504340 and these dental/occlusal traits. Results: We evaluated the aesthetic components and dental health components of the IOTN in the Korean and Japanese populations and found that neither rs6504340 nor the other four SNPs showed any association with dental and occlusal traits in these East Asian populations. Conclusions: These negative results suggest that further research is needed to identify the genetic determinants of malocclusions in order to reach a consensus.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2003

급성호흡곤란증후군 (acute respiratory distress syndrome)을 포함한 급성폐손상의 기전을 산화성스트레스와 연관하여 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. N-nitroso-N-methylurethane (NNNMU)은 실험동물에 있어서 사람에서 보이는 ARDS와 유사한 병리학적인 소견을 보이므로 ARDS의 모델로 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 흰쥐에서 NNNMU로 급성폐손상을 유도한 뒤 이를 Lung weight/Body weight ratio, 폐포세척액(BAL)내의 단백함량을 측정하여 확인하고, 동시에 호중구의 침윤에 의한 산소기형성, 이에 따른 산화성스트레스를 확인하기 위하여 BAL 내의 호중구수의 산정 및 폐장의 MPO 활성도를 측정하였다. 동시에 광학현미경, 전자현미경 및 세포화학적 전자현미경법을 이용하여 호중구에 의한 급성폐손상, 호중구의 침윤 및 미세구조의 변화 및 산소기의 생성을 확인하였다. 대조군에 비하여 NNNMU를 투여한 흰쥐에서는 BAL 내의 단백질이 증가하고 BAL 내의 호중구의 증가, 폐장의 MPO 활성도의 증가로 호중구의 침윤이 증가함을 관찰하였다. 광학현미경상 호중구의 침윤, 폐포내 호중구의 유입 및 vascular cuffing 등이 관찰되었다. 전자현미경 소견상 제2형 폐포세포는 산화성 스트레스의 전형적 소견을 보이고 조직의 손상은 호중구에 의한 손상으로 생각되었으며 세포화학적 전자현미경법으로 산소기의 생성이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합할 때 NNNMU에 의한 급성폐손상은 호중구의 산소기 생성에 의한 산화성스트레스에 의한 것으로 생각되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the in vitro anti-obesity, anti-cancer activity and single oral dose toxicity of Inonotus xeranticus extracted by methanol (INXM) or ethyl acetate (INXE). In order to investigate anti-obestity effect of Inonotus xeranticus extracts, the 3T3-L1 cells were treated with these extracts at various concentrations(1, 10, 100 and $300{\mu}g/ml$). It was observed that 3T3-L1 cells treated with $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Inonotus obliquus ethyl acetate extract (INOE), INXM and INXE, in the absence of differentiation cocktail (0.5mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) $1{\mu}M$ dexamethasone, $1{\mu}M$ insulin), differentiated at a rate of 78.5, 80.9, and 76.4% respectively. Differentiation rates of 86.6% and 83.4% were observed in 3T3-L1 cells which were treated with differentiation cocktail at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of INXM and INXE, respectively. The anti-cancer effect of Inonotus xeranticus extracts was investigated using a method of sulforhodamine B in sarcoma 180 cell line. The cells were treated with these extracts (1, 10, 100 and $300{\mu}g/ml$) for 48 hours. The growth of cells which were treated with $300{\mu}g/ml$ of INXM was inhibited by 80.1%. The growth of sarcoma 180 cells which were treated with 100 and $300{\mu}g/ml$ of INXE was inhibited by 74.7% and 64.5%, respectively. In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs, body weight gains, and feed and water consumptions. The results indicated that Inonotus xeranticus extracts did not show any toxic effects at 2,000mg/kg in mice, and the $LD_{50}$ of these extracts was found to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in this experiment. From the above results, Inonotus xeranticus methanol and ethyl acetate extracts might have useful clinical applications in the management of cancer and obesity and may also be useful as a medicinal food.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1996

We experienced a case of nephropathy in chronic lead poisoning. The patient was 43-year-old male who has been working in secondary lead smelting plant for 14 years. On admission, blood pressure was 160/90 mmHg and the others were non-specific. In past history, he received chelating agent administration for lead poisoning irregularly and medicated for gout, and the blood lead concentration was $180.0{\mu}g/dl$ on 2 months before admission. Smoking habit has been 1 pack per day for 15 years and drinking habit has been 1 bottle of Soju per day but less flow. In liver function test, AST/ALT were 27/28 IU/l and $\gamma-GT$ was 456 IU/l. In blood test, Hb : 11.5 g/dl, Hct : 34.0% and basophilic stipplings were found in peripheral blood smear. Chest PA was normal and abdominal ultrasonographic finding was non-specific except fatty liver. In the test of lead exposure indices, $PbB:83.0{\mu}g/dl,\;PbU:28.3{\mu}g/l$, and blood ZPP was $300.0{\mu}g/dl$. And in renal function test, BUN : 31.4 mg/dl, blood creatinine : 2.7mg/dl, blood uric acid. 9.1 mg/dl, urinary albumin : 100.0 mg/g creatinine, urinary $\alpha_1-microglobulin$ : 120.5 mg/g creatinine, urinary $\beta_2-microglobulin$ : $183.8{\mu}g/g$ creatinine, and 24 hours urinary creatinine clearance was 31.9 ml/min. The ultrasonoguided renal biopsy showed the global sclerosis of glomerulus, moderate atrophy and loss of tubule, and interstitial fibrosis in light microscopy. There were diffuse losses of brush border of proximal tubule in electronmicroscopy.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 비와 비율 학습에서 나타나는 초등학교 학생들의 인식론적 장애의 유형을 분류하고 원인을 찾아내어 그에 따른 지도 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 그 동안 연구되어 온 선행 연구의 결과와 수학교과서와 지도서, TIMSS 2003, 2007 등 여러 자료들을 분석하여 비와 비율 검사지를 제작하였다. 이를 위해 서울시내 초등학교 5학년 학생 138명을 여러 지역을 고려하여 선정한 후 설문 및 면담을 하여 인식론적인 장애를 검사하였다. 검사지 결과 분석 및 면담 내용을 토대로 인식론적 장애의 유형을 크게 용어, 계산, 표현과 관련된 것의 세 가지로 분류되었다. 그리고 각 유형에 따른 원인과 지도 방안을 제시하고 비와 비율의 효과적인 학습을 위한 제언을 하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.604-611
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of fermented persimmon diet on the meat quality of fattening pigs. Pigs (75 kg) were grouped and housed as 15 animals per pen and 3 replications per treatment. The basal diet (C) was substituted with 3% (T1), 5% (T2) and 10% (T3) of fermented diet. The 180 pigs were fed experimental diet for 42 d and 10 longissimus dorsi (LD) per treatment were collected when each swine reached 105.6 kg of body weight. The crude fat concentration of LD was lower (p<0.05) in treatments, but the pH value of T3 and the shear force values of T2 and T3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of C. The CIE $L^*$ value (lightness) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 than C, but the CIE $b^*$ (yellowness) of T2 and T3 was significantly (p<0.05) lower than C. The composition of myristic acid and oleic acid was significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatments than in C, while the composition of palmitic acid and stearic acid of treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than C in LD. Sensory evaluation of cooked meat as scores of aroma, taste, juiciness and overall acceptability showed higher (p<0.05) in treatments than in C. In conclusion, the dietary of fermented persimmon diet decreased the crude fat concentration, improved the fatty acids composition (increased composition of unsaturated fatty acid and decreased composition of saturated fatty acid) and improved the sensory evaluation of pork meat from fattening pigs.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2007

The tube agglutination test has been used for bovine brucellosis diagnosis in Korea since middle 1950s. The reported high specificity was its value in eradication program. However, the reading of reaction mostly depends on personal experience, thus here we report a way to improve accuracy and uniformity of reading. The tube agglutination was conducted according to the protocol provided by Korean Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The intensity of reaction was measured by spectrophotometer. The relationship between turbidity and percentage clearing was generally in direct proportion and linear. The correspondent percent transmittance at 75, 50, and 25% clearing were 91, 82, and 73, respectively. Then, the degree of percentage of clearing at given international unit was measured. With about 1.5 unit of serum, the maximum percentage clearing was observed. The international unit showing 25, 50, and 75 percentage clearing were 0.61, 0.83 and 1.35, respectively. Based on the information obtained using international standard serum, the calculation of international unit of test serum was available. According to the protocol for bovine brucellosis diagnosis which provided by Korean Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the available range of detectable international unit was between 15 and 538. And the corresponding international units for suspicious case ranged between 42 and 127. Of the 35 sera from B abortus infected cattle, about half of them had more than 538 international units. Collectively, the reading of turbidity using spectrophotometer and application to international unit improved accuracy and uniformity of reading.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.12-18
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• 1984

열판온도(熱板溫度)가 내화약제(耐火藥劑)로 처리(處理)된 합판(處理)의 재건조(再乾燥) 후(後) 곡강도(曲强度)에 미티는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하기 위해 두께 3.5mm 메란티합판(合板)을 황산(黃酸)암모늄, 제1(第一)인산암모늄, 제2인산(第二燐酸)암모늄 그리고 혼합약제(混合藥劑)인 붕사(硼砂) 붕산(硼酸) 및 미나리스 등(等) 5종(種)의 내화제(耐火劑)의 20% 수용액(水溶液)에 9시간(時間)동안 침지처리(浸漬處理)한 다음, 각각(各各) 열판온도(熱板溫度) $90^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$ 및 $150^{\circ}C$를 적용(適用)한 단계별(段階別) 건조방식(乾燥方式)으로 건조(乾燥)하여 곡강도시험(曲强度試驗)을 행(行)하였다. 비례한계(比例限界)에서의 응력(應力), 탄성계수(彈性係數), 파괴계수(破壞係數) 및 비례한계(比例限界)까지의 단위체적당(單位體積當) 일 등(等)을 조사(調査)한 바, 수분처리대조구(水分處理對照區)의 경우, 열판온도(熱板溫度) $120^{\circ}C$까지 유지(維持)되던 강도(强度)가 $150^{\circ}C$에 이르러서는 현저한 감소경향(減少傾向)을 나타내었으나, 내화약제처리합판(耐火藥劑處理合板)은 $150^{\circ}C$까지 열판온도(熱板溫度)가 상승(上昇)함에도 불구(不拘), 강도(强度)가 유지(維持)되었으며 일부 약제처리(藥劑處理)의 경우엔 오히려 증가(增加)하는 양상(樣相)도 보여주었다. 건조속도(乾燥速度)와 강도유지(强度維持)의 측면(側面)을 고려할 때, 바람직한 열판건조온도(熱板乾燥溫度)는 $150^{\circ}C$ 였으며 내화약제중(耐火藥劑中) 보강효과(補强效果)가 가장 좋은 약제(藥劑)는 붕사(硼砂) 붕산(硼酸)이었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.938-945
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of germinated and fermented (with Monascus pupureus) soybean screenings (GFS) on growth performance and meat quality in broiler chicken. A total of 750 1-day-old Ross ${\times}$ Ross male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five groups (five replications with 30 birds each) and fed experimental diets for 5 wks as follows: Group 1, negative-control (antibiotics-free diet); Group 2, positive-control (negative-control with 10 ppm of Avilamycin); Group 3, negative-control with 0.3% GFS; Group 4, negative-control with 0.5% GFS; Group 5, negative-control with 1% GFS. The final body weight of each group fed a diet containing 1% GFS was significantly higher than that of the negative-control group. The feed conversion ratios of all groups fed diets containing GFS and the positivecontrol group were significantly improved compared to the negative-control group during the whole period (p<0.05). The relative weights of various organs along with the activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were not influenced by the dietary treatments. The levels of total serum cholesterol in groups fed diets containing 0.5% and 1% GFS were more significantly lowered compared to those of the control groups without GFS (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the cecal microflora profiles among the groups. Further, the dietary treatments did not influence the physico-chemical properties of the edible meat, including the shear force, pH, meat color (CIE $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Cooking loss of breast muscle in the groups fed GFS was significantly lowered compared to that of the negative control group (p<0.05). These results indicate that dietary GFS could improve growth performance in broiler chicken and may affect meat quality in some instances.