• 제목/요약/키워드: manB

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구개 및 치아 형태와 구개부 저작점막의 두께와의 연관성 (Relationship between The Shape of Palatal Vault and Tooth and The Thickness of Palatal Masticatory Mucosa)

  • 석화숙;이만섭;권영혁;박준봉
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.519-531
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    • 2003
  • The aim of present investigation was to clinically measure the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in the hard palate as potential donor site for mucogingival surgery, to determine the relation to shape of palatal vault, form of tooth, gender, and to serve the clinical criteria t o choose the proper surgical technique. 84(mean age:25yrs) systemically and periodontally healthy volunteers participated in this study and 18 standard measurement points were defined in the hard palate, located on 3 lies which ran at different distances parallel to the gingival margin. 6 positions were designated on each of these 3 lines between the level of canine and 2nd molar and a bone sounding technique using a periodontal probe with minimal local anesthesia was utilized to assess the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa. Student t-test was used to determine the difference in mucosal thickness between 2 groups gender, shape of palatal vault (high palatal vault vs. low palatal vault), tooth form (short-wide vs. long narrow) The result of this study were as follows: 1. Soft tissue thickness progressively increased in sites further away from the gingival margin (p<0.01). 2. Depending on position, in line a and line c the masticatory mucosal thickness increased from Ca to M2(p<0.01), but in line b the thickness increased from Ca to P2, and decreased to M1 and increased again to M2. 3. Gender did not influence the thickness of masticatory mucosa. 4. Palatal vault shape was associated with the thickness of masticatory mucosa. Thickness of low palatal vault group was thicker than high palatal group between P2 and M2 position. 5. Form of tooth did not influence the thickness of masticatory mucosa. In conclusion, palatal vault shape was associated with the thickness of masticatory mucosa. So, mucogingival surgery can be considered as a treatment modality in high palatal vault group. But, Gender and tooth form did not influence the thickness of masticatory mucosa.

간접적 언어행위연구의 화용론적 토대에 대하여 (Zu den pragmatischen Grundlagen der Forschung zur indirekten Sprachhandlung)

  • 박성철
    • 한국독어학회지:독어학
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    • 제2집
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    • pp.229-254
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    • 2000
  • In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde versucht, eine $ad\"{a}quate\;Basis\;f\"{u}r$ die Untersuchung der indirekten Sprachhandlung dadurch zu schaffen, die das $Indirektheitsph\"{a}nomen$ konstituierenden sozial-kommunikativen Faktoren ans Licht zu bringen. Dazu $mu{\ss}ten\;zun\"{a}chst$ einige Unstimmigkeiten der Searleschen Theorie der indirekten Sprechakte, die lange Zeit in der linguistischen Pragmatik dominierte, auf ihre $Erkl\"{a}rungskraft$ sowie ihre Haltbarkeit hin $\"{u}berpr\"{u}ft$ werden. In dieser Theorie wird davon ausgegangen, mit einer indirekten $\"{A}u{\ss}erung\;w\"{u}rden zwei\;illokution\"{a}re$ Akte gleichzeitig realisiert. Diese Annahme beruht ihrerseits auf der Auffassung, dem Satz wohne eine $illokution\"{a}re$ Rolle inne, wie z.B. dem Interrogativsatz die Rolle der FRAGE. So ist die bei Tisch oft verwendete $\"{A}u{\ss}$erung 'Kannst du mir das Salz reichen?' einerseits aufgrund des Fragesatztyps FRAGE und andererseits aufgrund der ihr konventionell zuzuordnenden Funktion eine BITTE. Die Frage ist, ob dem sog. $sekund\"{a}r\;illokution\"{a}ren$ Akt, also in diesem Fall der FRAGE, der Handlungscharakter verliehen werden kann. Denn die Handlungsintention des Sprechers liegt eindeutig darin, vom $H\"{o}rer$ das Salz $\"{u}berreicht$ zu bekommen, und nicht darin, sich vom $H\"{o}rer$ etwa uber seine $F\"{a}higkeit$ zum Salzreichen zu informieren. Die schwerwiegendsten $M\"{a}ngel$ der Searleschen Analyse der Indirektheit liegen z.T. darin, bei der Bestimmung des kommunikativen Zwecks einer $\"{A}u{\ss}erung$ von den sprachlichen Eigenschaften des Satzes ausgegangen zu sein und nicht von dem $Proze{\ss}$ der gemeinsamen Sinnkonstituierung durch die Kommunikationsteilnehmer, wie etwa durch die gegenseitige Annahme und die reflexive Intention. In diesem Zusammenhang erweisen sich die-von Grice so genannten­partikularisierten konversationellen Implikaturen als das Musterbeispiel $f\"{u}r$ die Entstehung und Interpretation der indirekten $\"{A}u{\ss}erung$. Hier wird man vor allem - wenigstens auf der abstraktiven Ebene der Gegenstandsanalyse - der kommunikativen $Realit\"{a}t$ gerecht. Die kommunikative Indirektheit in der Alltagskommunikation, so $hei{\ss}t$ der allgemeinere Begriff als etwa die Indirektheit auf der $illokution\"{a}ren$ Ebene, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, $da{\ss}$ sie eine in besonderem $Ma{\ss}e$ partnerorientierte, kooperative und auf die $Intersubjektivit\"{a}t$ unter den Kommunikationsteilnehmem abzielende Handlungsweise darstellt.

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현대 독일어에 나타난 고어 (Archaismen im heutigen Deutsch)

  • 김종수
    • 한국독어학회지:독어학
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    • 제2집
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    • pp.29-48
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    • 2000
  • Archaismen als sprachliches $Ph\"{a}nomen$, das zeitspezifischen Bewertungen unterliegt, sind bis jetzt in der Sprachwissenschaft wenig beachtet worden. In vorliegender Arbeit werden die $vielf\"{a}ltigen$ archaischen Formen behandelt, die noch heute in einem bestimmten Kontext gebraucht werden. Das Wort Archaismus starnmt von dem griechischen archaios 'altertumlich', und wird $haupts\"{a}chlich$ als Stilmittel der Rhetorik benutzt, um poetische, pathetische oder ironische Effekte hervorzurufen. Unter Archaismus wird em aus verschiedenen $Gr\"{u}nden$ veraltendes und veraltetes Wortgut verstanden, das aber noch im $Bewu{\ss}tsein\;der\;Sprachtr\"{a}ger$ lebt und im gegenwartssprachlichen Text verwendet wird. Ein Instrument zur deskriptiven Erfassung von Archaismen kann das $W\"{o}rterbuch\;sein.\;In\;W\"{o}rterb\"{u}chern$ der deutschen Gegenwartssprache werden Angaben $\"{u}ber$ zeitspezifische Markierungen eines Lexems gemacht: z.B. 'veraltet' , 'veraltend', $'fr\"{u}her'$, 'selten' 'historisch', 'nationalsozialistisch', , 'modern', , modisch , usw. Aber liber Art und Zahl der Markierung einerseits $\"{u}ber$ liber ihre Trennscharfe andererseits besteht noch keineswegs Klarheit. Der Vorgang des Veraltens - der Archaisierung - von Lexemen ist ein $Proze{\ss}$, der schwieriger festzustellen ist als das Aufkommen von neuen $W\"{o}rtern$. Hier sol1 nur eine von verschiedenen Ursachen genannt werden: $W\"{o}rter$ veralten mit ihren Denotaten. Wenn das Denotat aus dem gesellschaftlichen Leben verschwindet, ist auch die Benennung nicht mehr notwendig. Archaismen sind keineswegs auf den lexikalischen Bereich beschrankt, obwohl sie dort am meisten auffallen. Sie treten vielmehr auf allen Strukturebenen, vom Laut bis zum Text, auf: - auf der lautlichen Ebene: Kur/$K\"{u}r$, Melodie/Melodei, $g\"{u}lden$/golden - auf der morphologischen Ebene: gerne, am Tage, geschmecket/ geschmeckt - auf der graphematischen Ebene: That vs. Tat, Capital vs. Kapital - auf der lexikalischen Ebene: Oheim, Knabe, Kerker, Schulmeister - auf der Wortbildungsebene: Afterglauben, $Sch\"{o}ne$, kleineln - auf der syntaktischen Ebene: guten Mutes sein, einer Verbindung halber, $R\"{o}slein$ rot - auf der Textebene: Wollen der Herr unten speisen? Archaismen treten in unterschiedlichen Texten und Textsorten auf. Eine spezielle Funktion haben Archaismen im Sprachkunstwerk. Autoren nutzen sie, urn Zeitkolorit zu schaffen. Im Alltagsleben $k\"{o}nnen$ Archaismen Lebensumstande und -erfahrungen signalisieren. Altes Wortgut wird als kostbarer nationaler Besitz angesehen. Man kann heute immer wieder den $R\"{u}ckgriff\;auf\;\"{a}lteres$ Sprachgut beobachten, entweder urn Vergangenes und Vergessenes neu zu beleben oder urn die jeweilige Gegenwartssprache mit Hilfe yon Archaismen historisch zu vertiefen und gleichzeitig zu erweitern. Archaismen sind somit die sprachlichen Zeugen der Vergangenheit. Zugleich sind Sie auch Zeichen $f\"{u}r$ die 'Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen' in heutigen Sprachen, weil sie 'kommunikativ mehrere Generationen, kulturell viele Jahrhunderte oder sogar Jahrtausende $\"{u}berbr\"{u}cken\;k\"{o}nnen$'.

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일산화탄소중독(一酸化炭素中毒)의 약물치료효과에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究) -과산화수소(過酸化水素) 관장법(灌腸法)을 중심(中心)으로- (An Experimental Study on the Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Treatment of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning)

  • 최동욱;유근영;박항배
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 1980
  • The ultimate goal of treatment of carton monoxide poisoning is to promote dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin and to maintain arterial $PO_2$ above 50mmHg throughout the course of treatment to protect vital organs from damage caused by hypoxia. The hyperbaric chamber designed and manufactured for this purpose has obviousely made an enormous contribution and yet has several handicaps to be overcome by any means. These handicaps are: the financial impact to purchase the chamber (especially in a small, remote community), an extra manpower requirement to operate the device, limitation in the capacity of the chamber (one man type), and the possible hazard of oxygen intoxication and dysbarism. The primary objective of this study is to develope a new therapeutic measure as an alternative to the hyperbaric chamber when it is not available or contraindicated. The effect of intestinal perfusion with hydrogen peroxide has been studied by many investigators and was known to be an excellent way of extrapulmonary oxygen supply. the advantage of this method will include; 1) much more amount of oxygen is delivered to the tissue than one would expect from 100% saturation with oxygen at 1 ata, 2) the procedure is simple and most economical, 3) neither sophisticated equipment nor extra manpower is required. As a study preliminary to the clinical application, authors conducted a series of experiment to observe the effect of hydrogen peroxide enema on dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin in intoxicated rabbit blood. Using an animal gas chamber, 20 rabbits were exposed to CO gas of 6,000 ppm for 60 minutes. Ten rabbits of control group were given 10cc of warmed normal saline solution by reactal perfusion and for the other 10 of the experimental group, the same amount of 1% $H_{2}O_{2}$ solution was given by the same way. Two blood specimens were drawn from each rabbit: the first one immediately following the exposure and the second one after rectal perfusion, about 30 minutes after the first sampling. The result was as follows; 1) The decrease in carboxyhemoglobin concentration during the first 30 minutes in the control and experimental group were $18.18{\pm}4.49%\;and\;23.03{\pm}4.13%$ respectively shelving the significant difference (p<0.05) between the two groups. 2) Hemoglobin and hematocrit value showed no significant difference between two groups and not altered significantly by intestinal perfusion with $H_{2}O_{2}$.

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시호(柴胡)의 화경예취(花莖刈取)가 근수량(根收量)과 성분(成分)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Topping on Growth and Root Yield in Bupleurum falcatum L.)

  • 성재덕;박용진;김금숙;김현태;서형수;김성만
    • 한국약용작물학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.153-156
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    • 1996
  • 시호(柴胡) 재래종(在來種)의 화경예취(花莖刈取)가 생육(生育), 건근수량(乾根收量) 및 saikosaponin 함량(含量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 지상(地上) 50cm 부위 예취시(刈取時)의 생육(生育)은 무예취구(無刈取區)와 비슷하면서 도복(倒伏)이 경감(輕減)되었으며, 근태(根太)가 굵고 건물비율(乾物比率)이 증가(增加)하여 10a당(當) 건근수량(乾根收量)은 무예취(無刈取)보다 19% 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 예취(刈取)에 따른 지상부(地上部)의 경장(莖長), 경태(莖太), 분지수(分枝數)는 감소(減少)하고 분얼수(分?數)는 차(差)가 없었으며 도복(倒伏)이 경감(輕減)되었다. 예취시(刈取時) 지하부(地下部)의 생육(生育)은 7월(月) 16일(日) 예취(刈取)한 것은 근태(根太)와 지근수(枝根數)를 제외(除外)한 모든 형질(形質)이 증가(增加)하였으며, 6월(月) 16일(日)과 7월(月) 16일(日), 2회(回) 예취시(刈取時) 건근수량(乾根收量)은 167kg/10a로서 무처리(無處理)보다 56% 증가(增加)하였다. 3. 예취시기별(刈取時期別) Saikosaponin 함량(含量)은 2회(回) 예취(刈取)가 0. 727%로 가장 높았고, 7월(月) 16일(日) 1회(回) 예취(刈取) > 무예취(無刈取) > 6월(月) 16일(日) 1회(回) 예취(刈取) 의 순(順)이었다.

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치과 임플란트에서 골개조 관련인자의 발현에 관한 연구 (Expression of osteoclastogenesis related factors in dental implant patients)

  • 류승희;김방신;정승곤;한만승;국민석;옥승호;오희균;박홍주
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.386-391
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    • 2010
  • Introduction: Bone resorption is a unique function of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are a specialized macrophage polykaryon whose differentiation is regulated principally by macrophage colony-stimulating factors, receptor activator of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANK) ligand, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and interleukins (IL). Reflecting the integrin-mediated signals, osteoclasts develop a specialized cytoskeleton that allows it to establish an isolated micro-environment between itself and the bone, wherein matrix degradation occurs by a process involving proton transport. The levels of IL-1, IL-6, OPG, and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) expression were evaluated to study the correlations between dental implant teeth and the adjacent teeth. Materials and Methods: The exudate of the gingival crevice acquired from dental implants, adjacent teeth, opposite teeth and contralateral teeth of 24 patients. Results: 1. The levels of IL-1, IL-6, OPG and $PGE_2$ expression in dental implant teeth were higher than those of the contralateral teeth. 2. IL-1 revealed a higher expression level in the adjacent teeth than in dental implant teeth. 3. The dental implant teeth and adjacent teeth did not show a remarkable difference in the level of IL-1 expression. 4. All the other cytokines were strongly expressed in the dental implant compared to the adjacent teeth. Conclusion: These results suggest that there might be close correlation between dental implant teeth and adjacent teeth in terms of the expressions of cytokines that affect the development and regulation of osteoclasts.

Intestinal Growth and Development of Weanling Pigs in Response to Dietary Supplementation of Antibiotics, Phytogenic Products and Brewer's Yeast plus Bacillus Spores

  • Lee, C.-Young;Lim, Jung-Won;Ko, Young-Hyun;Kang, Sun-Young;Park, Man-Jong;Ko, Tae-Gu;Lee, Ji-Hoon;Hyun, Young;Jeong, Kyu-Sik;Jang, In-Surk
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제53권3호
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    • pp.227-235
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    • 2011
  • A total of 96 crossbred weanling barrows aged 21 days were randomly allocated to 32 pens of a new nursery to investigate the effects of antibiotics, phytogenics, and probiotics on intestinal growth and development. The animals were fed a set of three-phase basal diets containing 0.3% zinc oxide (CON) or the basal diets supplemented with 353 ppm of a combination of tiamulin, neomycin, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline (ANTI), 75 ppm triterpenoid saponin plus 150 ppm mixed saccharides (HERB; Sacchapin$^{(R)}$), or $1{\times}10^7$ brewer's yeasts plus $8{\times}10^7$ spores of each of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis per kilogram feed (PROBIO; Yeasture Plus 2B$^{(R)}$) for five weeks. Thirty-two pigs representing as many pens were slaughtered at the end of the feeding trial, after which morphological measures and digestive enzyme activities of intestinal mucosa were determined. Weight gain and gain:feed of the pigs were not affected by the dietary treatments (TRT) during the overall feeding trial. Total intestinal length was greater in PROBIO than in ANTI (P<0.05). Wet mucosa weight of the duodenum was not affected by TRT. However, jejunal mucosa weight was greater in PROBIO than in any other group sum of mucosa weights of the duodenum and jejunum was greater (P<0.05) in PROBIO than in ANTI and HERB. The height and width of duodenal villus were not affected by TRT, but crypt depth decreased (P<0.05) in response to HERB and PROBIO vs CON. Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, maltase, lactase, and leucine aminopeptidase in the duodenum and jejunum were not changed by TRT. In conclusion, results suggest that the present dietary treatments have no effects on growth performance of weanling pigs and that of PROBIO enhances intestinal growth and development under a clean experimental setting.

유역 호우의 기상특성 분석 (Analysis of the Meterological Characteristics of Rainfall in Basin)

  • 이상진;황만하;고익환;이배성
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.599-604
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    • 2005
  • 최근 일부 댐유역에서 게릴라성 집중호우와 태풍 등과 같은 특이 호우에 대하여 강우-유출분석을 실시한 결과 유출율이 $100\%$를 상회하는 경우가 발생함에 따라 효율적이고 안전한 치수 및 방재업무를 실시하는데 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서 일부 댐유역의 유출율이 $100\%$를 상회하는 원인으로 강우 관측자료의 신뢰성이 결여되어 나타나는 것으로 보았으며, 만일, 강우관측소에서 계측된 강우자료의 신뢰성이 결여 되어 있다면, 이로 인한 유역 강우의 추정오차는 제거될 수 없을 것이다. 일반적으로 강우관측소에서 발생하는 계측오차는 관측소의 고도, 지형적인 장애(산악영향, 지장물 등) 및 기상학적인 장애(기단의 이동방향, 호우의 발생원인, 돌풍 등) 등 외부적인 요인으로 인해 발생할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 강우관측소에서 발생하는 계측오차의 다른 여러 외부적 요인들 중 가장 큰 요인으로 돌풍과 같은 풍속에 의해 발생하는 것으로 판단하였고, 연구대상 유역인 임하댐 유역의 유출율과 치대 풍속간의 상관분석을 실시하였으며 분석결과 유출율은 최대 풍속에 커다란 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 결국, 유출율이 $100\%$를 상회하는 호우에서 강우관측소의 강우는 강우시 돌풍과 같은 외부적인 요인으로 인해 적게 관측된 것으로 추정되며 저평가된 강우자료로부터 산정된 면적평균강우의 추정오차로 인해 유출율이 $100\%$를 상회하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유출율과 풍속간의 관계로부터 강우보정계수 추정식을 산정하였으며, 추정된 보정계수를 이용하여 관측된 강우자료를 보정한 후 강우-유출분석을 실시한 결과 댐유입수문곡선을 보정전에 비해 보다 근사하게 모의하였다. 위해서는 대상유역에 적합한 선행 강우일수의 결정이 중요하리라 판단된다.인 분석을 수행하고, 배수갑문 개방에 의한 수질개선효과를 최대화하기 위한 환경관리 방안 제시에 중점을 두어 수행하였다.ncy), 환경성(environmental feasibility) 등을 정성적으로(qualitatively) 파악하여 실현가능한 대안을 선정하였다. 이렇게 선정된 대안들은 중유역별로 검토하여 효과가 있을 것으로 판단되는 대안들을 제시하는 예비타당성(Prefeasibility) 계획을 수립하였다. 이렇게 제시된 계획은 향후 과학적인 분석(세부평가방법)을 통해 대안을 평가하고 구체적인 타당성(feasibility) 계획을 수립하는데 토대가 될 것이다.{0.11R(mm)}(r^2=0.69)$로 나타났다. 이는 토양의 투수특성에 따라 강우량 증가에 비례하여 점증하는 침투수와 구분되는 현상이었다. 경사와 토양이 같은 조건에서 나지의 경우 역시 $Ro_{B10}(mm)=20.3e^{0.08R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로 나타났다.천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로

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견갑관절 주위 악성종양의 치료경험 (Surgical Treatment of Malignant Tumors in Shoulder Girdle)

  • 송석환;장주해;강용구;김정만;김형민;이승구;우영균;박원종;문명상;김양수
    • 대한골관절종양학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.68-76
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    • 1995
  • 견갑관절 주위의 악성종양 치료후의 기능평가를 위하여 저자들은 1991년 1월부터 1993년 12월까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 정형외과학 교실에서 견갑관절 주위 악성종양에 대한 수술적 치료를 받은 9례를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 남자 5례, 여자4례이었고, 나이는 최저 22세, 최고 64세로 평균 47세이었다. 연부조직 종양이 2례(MFI, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance 각각 1례)이었는데, 1례는 forequarter 절단, 1례는 광범위 절제술로 치료하였다. 골종양은 7례(chondrosarcoma 2례, osteosarcoma, MFH, plasmacytoma, thyroid carcinoma metastasis 및 malignant schwannoma 각각 1례)이었는데, 1례는 상완골 근위부 부분절제, 4례는 Malawer분류 제 I-A형의 절제, 1례는 제 I-B형, 1례는 제 V-B형의 절제술을 시행하였다. low grade의 연골육종 1례와 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance 1례, 갑상선 종양 전이의 1례의 3례를 제외한 6례에서 항암화학요법, 혹은 방사선 요법을 시행하였으며, 1례에서 국소재발이 있었으나 평균 15.3개월 추시된 현재 전례가 생존하고 있다. 골종양 7례증 2례는 관절유합술, 4례는 관절전치환술로 치료하였으며, 관절유합술을 시행한 예와 관절성형술을 시행한 예의 기능은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.

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Cortisol, $25OHD_3$ 추출 후 원심 분리시 온도가 검사결과에 미치는 영향 (Effect of the Centrifugation Temperature on Cortisol, $25OHD_3$ Values After Extraction)

  • 김외정;천준홍;유선희;조시만
    • 핵의학기술
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.143-146
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: We use the centrifugation of refrigeration state in separation of blood serum, Anti-ds-DNA, Vitamin $B_{12}$/Folate and GAD-Ab assay. However, Cortisol urine and 25-Hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ ($25OHD_3$) are conducted centrifuge at room temperature. This is troublesome that change centrifugation temperature into room temperature due to using of most assays at cold temperature. Therefore when using centrifuge after extraction of Cortisol urine and $25OHD_3$, we conducted researches on effect of the centrifugation temperature in assay results. Materials and Methods: In Cortisol urine, add dichloromethane 1.0 mL in urine $500\;{\mu}L$, mix for 15 minutes, and then centrifuge for 8 minutes at 2600rpm. In $25OHD_3$ add acetonitrile 0.5 mL in serum $200\;{\mu}L$, and then centrifuge for 8 minutes at 2600rpm. Those experiments were conducted centrifuge at room temperature and $4^{\circ}C$. And experiments conducted immediately after centrifugation at $4^{\circ}C$ and standing for 20 minutes after centrifugation $4^{\circ}C$. Results: In Cortisol urine, room temperature result in 1.93, 2.18, 2.43, 9.45, 14.2 (${\mu}g/dL$). Experiments of performing immediately after centrifuge at $4^{\circ}C$ result in 1.8, 2.0, 2.3, 8.1, 13.7 (${\mu}g/dL$). Experiments of performing after 20 minutes result in 2.1, 2.1, 2.7, 9.95, 14.35 (${\mu}g/dL$). On the other hand, the $25OHD_3$ tests conducted at room temperature result in 7.13, 26.6, 35.8, 48.2, 74.8 (ng/dL). Experiments were conducted immediately by pipetting after $4^{\circ}C$ centrifugation result in 7.53, 30.9, 40.3, 61.5, 89.1 (ng/dL) as results are higher than experiments at room temperature. The experiments that conducted centrifuge at $4^{\circ}C$ and then left at room temperature for 20 minutes result in 7.40, 32.4, 41.3, 51.6, 85.6 (ng/dL). Conclusions: Experiments were conducted by using centrifuge at $4^{\circ}C$ are higher or lower than room temperature. The differences between results of standing for 20 minutes after centrifuge at $4^{\circ}C$ and those of centrifuge at room temperature are less than conducting immediately. It is concerned that experiments conducted immediately after centrifuge at $4^{\circ}C$ are incorrect, because tubes become dim due to temperature differences between $4^{\circ}C$ and room temperature. Therefore, it is desirable to centrifuge at room temperature as manual and we should pipet promptly without stopping.

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