• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2004

Pilomatricoma(Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe)는 모낭 세포 기원의 양성 연조직 종양으로, 보통 머리와 목 부위에 나타나며, 20세 이전의 여성들에게서 호발하고, 악성으로의 전이가 보고되기도 하나, 이는 극히 드물다. 임상적으로, 무통성, 표재성, 고형성이며 종종 적청색을 나타내고, 크기는 보통 $0.5{\sim}3.0cm$ 정도로 다양하게 나타난다. 조직학적으로, 세포기질 내에 상피조직이 존재하는 형태이며 상피조직에서는 기저세포(basaloid cell)와 유령세포(ghost cell)가 특징적으로 나타나고, 세포내와 기질내 석회화가 종종 관찰되기도 한다. 진단은, 초진시 고형 물질의 촉진으로 병소를 의심해볼 수 있고, 조직병리학적 검사로 확진할 수 있다. 감별진단으로는 아가미낭(branchial cyst), 혈관종(hemangioma), 횡문근육종(rhabdomyosarcoma), 표피포함낭(epidermal inclusion cyst), 모낭(pilar cyst), 이하선 종양(parotid gland tumor), 피부의 골종(osteomas of the skin), 림프절의 석회화(calcified lymph nodes), 죽종(atheromas) 등이 있다. 치료로는 외과적 절제술이 추천되며 재발은 드물다. 본 증례는 우측 하악각 부위에 결절이 촉진되는 6세 여자 환아에게서 임상 검사와 방사선 검사 후 병소의 외과적 절제술을 시행하였으며, 조직병리학적 검사를 통해 pilomatricoma로 확진되었고, 양호한 치료 결과를 얻었기에 이에 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.4-9
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• 2001

Purpose: The trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) has a protective effect against gastric mucosal damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or ethanol. In addition, a TFF1 knockout mouse model has exhibited circumferential adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, of which $30\%$ progressed into frankly invasive carcinomas. We tried to determine whether the expression pattern of the TFF1 could be involved in the development of sporadic gastric carcinomas. Materials and Methods: We examined TFF1 expression in a series of 43 sporadic gastric carcinomas and 18 gastric adenomas by immunohistochemistry. Results: Strong positive TFF1 staining was identified primarily in the normal gastric mucosa, mainly in the cytoplasm of the superficial and foveolar epithelium. We found TFF1 expression in $55.8\%$ (24 out of 43) of the gastric carcinomas and in $16.7\%$ (3 out of 18) of the gastric adenomas. Statistically, TFF1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in diffuse-type ($82.4\%$) than in intestinal-type ($38.5\%$) carcinomas(p=0.0058, Fisher's exact test). Conclusion: Our findings provide sufficient evidence that the expression of TFF1 in gastric cancer may simply disclose gastric-type differentiation of neoplastic cells and provide further support for the existence of at least two pathways of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa: one via intestinal metaplasia and adenomatous dysplasia, leading to glandular carcinomas with intestinal-type differentiation, and the other via hyperplastic changes or de novo changes, leading to diffuse carcinomas and to a subset of glandular carcinomas displaying gastric-type differentiation.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2011

법랑모세포 섬유종은 드문 진성의 혼합성 양성종양으로 20세 이하의 비교적 어린 연령층의 하악 후방부에 호발한다. 흔히 하악 구치부의 미맹출치와 관련하여 발생하며 치조골 표면에서 서서히 성장하여 이환치를 치근단 방향으로 변위시켜 정상적인 치아 맹출을 방해한다. 약간의 피질골 팽창 외에 다른 증상은 거의 없어서 정기적인 방사선학적 평가에서 우연히 발견되는 경우가 많다. 임상적 및 방사선학적으로 법랑모세포 섬유치아종 및 치아종과 비슷하나 조직학적으로 치아 경조직의 형성이 관찰되지 않는 것이 다르다. 치료방법은 적출술과 주위 골의 소파술을 포함한 보존적 외과적 처치가 일반적이나 재발가능성이 있고 악성종양으로의 변이를 보인다는 일부 보고가 있어 절제술과 같은 보다 공격적인 치료방법이 추천되기도 한다. 하지만 대부분의 병소는 피막으로 잘 둘러싸여 있으며 주변의 골와에서 쉽게 분리되므로 재발률은 낮은 편이다. 본 증례는 하악 좌측 제1대구치의 맹출지연과 관련된 법랑모세포 섬유종을 주소로 본과에 내원한 환아들을 대상으로 보존적인 적출술 및 소파술을 시행한 것으로 정기적인 관찰 결과 비교적 양호한 제1대구치의 자연적 맹출양상을 보여 보고하는 바이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6789-6794
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• 2015

Background: To analyze the expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and their relationships with the clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven EC samples, 53 normal endometrial samples and 53 atypical hyperplasia endometrial samples were all selected in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from Jun., 2012 to Jun., 2014. The expression of ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in EC tissue, normal endometrial tissue and atypical hyperplasia endometrial tissue was respectively detected using immunohistochemical SP method. The relationships between the expression of ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 and the patients' clinicopathological features as well as their correlations in EC tissue were also analyzed. Results: The positive expression rates of ER and PR in EC tissue were 44.8% and 41.8%, respectively, dramatically lower than in atypical hyperplasia endometrial tissue and normal endometrial tissue (P<0.01). The positive expression rates of C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in EC tissue were 80.6% and 64.2%, respectively, significantly higher than in atypical hyperplasia endometrial tissue and normal endometrial tissue (P<0.01). In EC tissue, the expression of ER and PR was closely associated with the differentiated degrees and depth of myometrial invasion (P<0.05), while that of C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 with the clinical staging, differentiated degrees, depth of myometrial invasion and presence or absence of lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis further displayed that the expression of ER was positively correlated with PR (r=0.393, P=0.001), but negatively with C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 (r=-0.469, P=0.000; r=-0.329, P=0.007); The expression of PR was negatively correlated with C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 (r=-0.273, P=0.025; r=-0.251, P=0.041), but that of C-erbB-2 positively with Ki-67 (r=0.342, P=0.005). Conclusions: Abnormal expression of ER, PR, C-erbB2 and Ki-67 might play an important role in endometrial malignant transformation and cell differentiation, so their joint detection is likely to be a comprehensive combination of immune factors, which is of great importance for EC prognosis.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.581-585
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• 2002

Focal epithelial hyperplasia(FEH)는 구강편평상피의 국소적인 증식으로 사람유두종바이러스(Human papilloma virus)에 의해 유발되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 보통 어린 나이에 호발하며 종종 젊은 성인에서 발생하기도 한다. 협,순측 및 설측 점막에 호발하지만 치은이나 혀의 병소(lesions of tongue)도 보고된 바 있다. 이 병소는 전형적으로 다발성인 부드럽고 촉진 시 압통이 없는 편평한 구진이나 반의 형태를 갖는다. 종종 유두상의 표면을 보이기도 한다. 각각의 병소는 비교적 작고 분리되어 있으며 잘 경계지어진다. FEH의 조직학적 특징은 구강 상피의 유극세포증(acanthosis)이다. 그 밖에 바이러스에 의한 세포병리학적 변화를 나타내는 구멍세포(koilocyte)나 유사분열상 세포(mitosoid cell)가 관찰되기도 한다. 본 증례의 5세 여자환아는 치은의 돌기성 병소를 주소로 연세대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원하였다. 임상구강검사 결과 무경형의 유두상 구진(sessile papillary papules)이 상악 좌우측 제 2 유구치 협측 치은에서 관찰되었다. 촉진 시 동통은 없었다. 조직학적 검사를 위해 조직생검을 시행하였으며, 유극세포증이 관찰되었다. 이에 FEH로 진단되어 보고하는 바이다. FEH는 몇 달이나 몇 년 이내에 자발적으로 소멸하므로 일반적으로 치료는 불필요하다. 다만 진단적인 이유나 심미적인 이유로 보존적인 절제술을 시행하기도 한다. 이러한 치료 후 재발의 위험은 최소한이며, 악성 전이 가능성 역시 거의 없다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6145-6150
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• 2014

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in immune and tumor cells and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Cervical cancer (CC) is directly linked to a persistent infection with high risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) and could be associated with alteration of TLRs expression. TLR9 plays a key role in the recognition of DNA viruses and better understanding of this signaling pathway in CC could lead to the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. The present study was undertaken to determine the level of TLR9 expression in cervical neoplasias from Tunisian women with 53 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens, including 22 samples of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC), 18 of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 7 of condyloma and 6 normal cervical tissues as control cases. Quantification of TLR9 expression was based on scoring four degrees of extent and intensity of immunostaining in squamous epithelial cells. TLR9 expression gradually increased from CIN1 (80% weak intensity) to CIN2 (83.3% moderate), CIN3 (57.1% strong) and ICC (100% very strong). It was absent in normal cervical tissue and weak in 71.4% of condyloma. The mean scores of TLR9 expression were compared using the Kruskall-Wallis test and there was a statistical significance between normal tissue and condyloma as well as between condyloma, CINs and ICC. These results suggest that TLR9 may play a role in progression of cervical neoplasia in Tunisian patients and could represent a useful biomarker for malignant transformation of cervical squamous cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1809-1817
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• 2012

Background: Gastric cancer is frequently lethal despite aggressive multimodal therapies, and new treatment approaches are therefore needed. Retinoids are potential candidate drugs: they prevent cell differentiation, proliferation and malignant transformation in gastric cancer cell lines. They interact with nuclear retinoid receptors (the retinoic acid receptors [RARs] and retinoid X receptors [RXRs]), which function as transcription factors, each with three subclasses, ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$. At present, little is known about retinoid expression and influence on prognosis in gastric cancers. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the expression of the subtypes RARa, $RAR{\beta}$, $RAR{\gamma}$, RXRa, $RXR{\beta}$, $RXR{\gamma}$ by immunohistochemistry in 147 gastric cancers and 51 normal gastric epithelium tissues for whom clinical follow-up data were available and correlated the results with clinical characteristics. In addition, we quantified the expression of retinoid receptor mRNA using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in another 6 gastric adenocarcinoma and 3 normal gastric tissues. From 2008 to 2010, 80 patients with gastric cancers were enrolled onto therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Results: RARa, $RAR{\beta}$, $RAR{\gamma}$ and $RXR{\gamma}$ positively correlated with each other (p < 0.001) and demonstrated significantly lower levels in the carcinoma tissue sections (p < 0.01), with lower $RAR{\beta}$, $RAR{\gamma}$ and RXRa expression significantly related to advanced stages (p < =0.01). Tumors with poor histopathologic grade had lower levels of RARa and $RAR{\beta}$ in different histological types of gastric carcinoma (p < 0.01). Patients whose tumors exhibited low levels of RARa expression had significantly lower overall survival compared with patients who had higher expression levels of this receptor (p < 0.001, HR=0.42, 95.0% CI 0.24-0.73), and patients undergoing ATRA treatment had significantly longer median survival times (p = 0.007, HR=0.41, 95.0% CI 0.21-0.80). Conclusions: Retinoic acid receptors are frequently expressed in epithelial gastric cancer with a decreased tendency of expression and RARa may be an indicator of a positive prognosis. This study provides a molecular basis for the therapeutic use of retinoids against gastric cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3335-3340
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• 2016

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition with a 4 to13% malignant transformation rate. Related to the habit of areca nut chewing it is mainly prevalent in South-east Asian countries where the habit of betel quid chewing is frequently practised. On chewing, alkaloids and polyphenols are released which undergo nitrosation and give rise to N-nitrosamines which are cytotoxic agents. CYP450 is a microsomal enzyme group which metabolizes various endogenous and exogenous chemicals including those released by areca nut chewing. CYP1A1 plays a central role in metabolic activation of these xenobiotics, whereas CYP2E1 metabolizes nitrosamines and tannins. Polymorphisms in genes that code for these enzymes may alter their expression or function and may therefore affect an individuals susceptibility regarding OSF and oral cancer. The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate the association of polymorphisms in CYP1A1 m2 and CYP2E1 (RsaI/PstI) sites with risk of OSF among areca nut chewers in the Northern India population. A total of 95 histopathologically confirmed cases of OSF with history of areca nut chewing not less than 1 year and 80, age and sex matched controls without any clinical signs and symptoms of OSF with areca nut chewing habit not less than 1 year were enrolled. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. Gene polymorphism of CYP1A1 at NcoI site was observed to be significantly higher (p = 0.016) in cases of OSF when compared to controls. Association of CYP1A1 gene polymorphism at NcoI site and the risk of OSF (Odd's Ratio = 2.275) was also observed to be significant. However, no such association was observed for the CYP2E1 gene polymorphism (Odd's Ratio = 0.815). Our results suggest that the CYP1A1 gene polymorphism at the NcoI site confers an increased risk for OSF.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2009

Backgrounds and Objectives : Most patients with neck schwannomas are asymptomatic. Surgical management of neck schwannomas could cause various complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the necessity of surgical management in all of the neck schwannoma patients. Material and Methods : Thirty-four patients diagnosed and undergone surgical management as neck schwannomas and 30 patients diagnosed and observed closely by OPD base from 1996 to 2005 were included. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results : In surgical management group, mean age was 39.3 years and mean size of tumors was 4.4cm. Twenty-five patients had their tumors at parapharyngeal space, 2 at anterior neck and 7 at lateral neck. Nerves of origin were vagus nerve in 12 patients, cervical sympathetic chain in 11. Presenting symptoms were neck mass in 22 patients and no symptom in 9. On the other hand, in close observation group, mean age was 47.1 years and mean size of tumor was 3.7cm. Seventeen patients had their tumors at parapharyngeal space, 5 at anterior neck and 8 at lateral neck. Presenting symptoms were neck mass in 13 patients and no symptom in 13. There were no patients with neurologic complications. Mean follow-up duration was 38.2 months and there were only 2 patients whose size of tumors was increased and no patients who had newly emerged symptoms. Conclusion : Neck schwannomas grows slowly, has little chance of malignant transformation, but can complicate serious problems after surgical management. Therefore close observation could be considered in many asymptomatic patients.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1988

SV80와 같은 SV40로 형질전환된 사람세포는 종양을 일으킬 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있으나 면역기구인 흉선이 없는 누드마우스에서는 거부반응을 일으켜 종양을 일으키지 않는다. 그러나, 예외적으로 WI18/VA-2세포는 누드마우스에서 종양을 일으키며 이에서 얻는 두클론중 NW18C11은 종양을 일으키나 NW18C12는 종양을 일으키지 않는다. 본 실험에서는 이들 두 클론의 차이점들을 조사하였다. 실험결과, NW18C11은 NW18C12보다 더 많은수의 SV40 sequence를 포함하고 있음을 southern blot방법을 통해 확인하였으며 또한 immunofluoresce와 immunoprecipitation방법을 사용하여 두 클론 모두 정상크기의 SV40유전자산물인 large T와 small t 단백질을 생성함을 확인하였다. 한편 두 클론내에 포함되어 있는 바이러스유전자가 비형질전환새포로 하여금 생체내에서 악성종양 형성능력을 획득하도록 형질전환시킬수 있는지 확인하기 위해 두 클론의 DNA를 추출하여 마우스 NIH3T3세포에 주입시켜 형질전환된 세포를 선별하였다. 이 세포들은 모두 large T단백질을 생성하였으며 누드마우스에서 종양을 일으켰다. 이들 결과로써 NW18C12세포의 형질전환능은 완전하며, 이 세포가 누드마우스에서 거부반응에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다.