• 공업화학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2017

이축압출기(twin screw extruder)를 이용하여 $190^{\circ}C$에서 말레인산 무수물(maleic anhydride, MAH)과 스티렌 모노머(styrene monomer, SM)의 함량을 변화시켜가며 MAH와 SM이 그래프트된 폴리프로필렌(PP-g-MAH-SM) 공중합체를 제조하였다. 제조한 PP-g-MAH-SM 공중합체의 그래프트율은 비수용성 역적정을 통하여 측정하였으며, 동일한 MAH 함량에서 SM이 사용된 경우 높은 그래프트율을 나타내었다. 그래프트율에 따른 PP-g-MAH-SM/케나프섬유(kenaf fiber, KF) 복합체를 $200^{\circ}C$에서 제조하였고, KF의 함량은 20 wt%로 고정시켰다. 복합체에 대한 열중량분석기(TGA)의 분해온도에 따르면, MAH 만 적용된 PP-g-MAH 보다 MAH와 SM이 함께 적용된 PP-g-MAH-SM 복합체의 열안정성이 다소 우세하였다. 복합체의 기계적 강도 또한 MAH와 SM이 함께 적용된 경우에 개선정도가 우수하였다. 계면접착정도는 파단면의 SEM과 접촉각으로 확인하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2015

폴리프로필렌(PP)으로 그래프트된 그래핀 옥사이드(PP-grafted GO)는 2-bromoisobutyryl 그룹을 가진 GO(GO-Br)와 하이드록시 그룹을 가진 PP(PP-OH)와의 "grafting-to" 화학반응을 통하여 제조하였다. GO-Br은 GO와 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide를 염기촉매 하에서 반응시켜 얻을 수 있었고, PP-OH는 maleic anhydride가 그래프트된 PP(PP-MAH)와 ethanolamine과 반응하여 제조하였다. 제조된 PP-grafted GO는 PP-OH에 비하여 녹는점이 높은 온도로 이동하였고, 열적 안정성은 GO와 PP-OH에 비하여 우수한 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 그래프트된 PP 고분자가 GO의 열적 안정성을 향상시키는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 PP-grafted GO의 표면은 GO-Br에 비하여 거칠기가 증가되는 것을 확인하여 PP가 GO 표면에 화학적으로 결합한 것을 알 수 있었다. 제조된 PP-grafted GO의 분석은 FTIR, Raman, DSC, TGA, SEM과 같은 다양한 분석장비를 이용하여 수행하였다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.116-120
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• 2005

In this study, composites with polypropylene(PP) and Jute fiber were prepared by compression molding technique. Generally, hydrophilic jute fibers do not adhere well to PP, which is hydrophobic. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene(MAPP) had been widely used as a coupling agent to improve the bonding between ligno-cellulosic fibers and PP. The coupling agent improved the tensile and flexural properties when the mechanical properties were tested by using a UTM. The mechanical properties of natural fiber composites(NFCs) by modified thermoplastics were higher than those of NFCs by unmodified thermoplastics. Fracture surfaces of the composites and the fiber orientations were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical performance of NFCs by modified thermoplastics appeared to be improved by the enhanced interface adhesion between the fiber and the matrix.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2002

Melt blends of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylerle(PP-g-MA) and Nylon 6 were prepared to study the influence of chemical reaction between the two polymer components. By adding the MA grafted polystyrene pold (ethylene/butadiene) and polystyrene[SEBS-g-MA] as the compatible modifiers to reinforce the impact resistance, the Izod impact strength, high rate impact strength and morphology were studied. The notched Izod impact strength increased with the content of PP-g-MA and SEBS- g-MA. The energy of high rate impact strength increased as the thickness of specimen increased, while, it increased as the specimen displacement decreased. In the morphology observed by SEM, finally, we confirmed the improvement of the compatibilization and interfacial adhesion with the content of SEBS-g-MA. The continuous phase of PP-g-MA was the main cause of the modified properties.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2014

The polypropylene/polyamide elastomer (PP/PAE) blends were prepared by melt mixing. PP and PAE in PP/ PAE were immiscible completely. The size of PAE domains was large and the clear gap in the interface between PP and PAE existed, which did not meet the conditions enhancing toughness of polymers by elastomer. Therefore, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MP) was used to improve the miscibility between PP and PAE. The miscibility between PP and PAE was improved and the size of dispersed phase PAE decreased by introducing MP. The crystallization of PP became easier by introducing PAE as a nucleating agent. With the increase of PAE content, the melt-crystallization temperatures of PP components in PP/PAE/MP blends increased gradually. The melt-crystallization of the polytetramethylene oxide segment of PAE component in PP/PAE blends were hampered by PP component. In addition, PAE can enhance significantly the toughness of PP, and the tensile strength and modulus did not decrease.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.566-572
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• 2014

이축압출기(twin screw extruder)를 이용하여 폴리프로필렌(polypropylene, PP)의 종류에 따라 말레인산 무수물(maleic anhydride, MAH) 함량과 스티렌(SM)/MAH 몰비를 변화시키며 MAH가 그래프트된 PP(MAH-g-PP)를 제조하였다. PP의 종류로는 이소탁틱(isotactic, iPP), 블록(block, bPP), 랜덤(random, rPP)에 대해 용융지수(melt index, MI)가 10 그리고 25 g/10 min이 사용되었고, 개시제로는 dicumyl peroxide(DCP)가 사용되었다. MAH의 그래프트 정도는 FTIR을 이용하여 $1700cm^{-1}$ 근처에서 나타나는 카르보닐기(C=O) 신축진동 피이크의 존재 여부를 통해 확인하였다. 또한 PP/MAH-g-PP/pulp 복합체의 열적특성을 시차주사열용량분석기(DSC)와 열중량분석기(TGA)를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 복합체의 열적특성에는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 복합체의 인장특성과 인장시험 후 파단면의 SEM을 측정한 결과, MAH-g-rPP를 상용화제로 적용한 경우 인장특성 개선효과가 가장 우수하였다. MAH 함량 1.0 wt%, SM/MAH 몰비 1.0, MI = 25 g/10 m인 경우가 최적으로 평가되었다. 복합체의 유변학적 특성은 동적유변측정기를 이용하여 측정하였고, 복소 점도와 전단박하 그리고 함수량의 경우 펄프의 함량에 따라 증가하였다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2009

The effects of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) addition on polypropylene (PP) and poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) blends were studied. Blends of PP/ABS (70/30, wt%) with PP-g-MAH were prepared by a twin-screw extruder. From the results of mechanical testing, the impact, tensile and flexural strengths of the blends were maximized at a PP-g-MAH content 3 phr. The increased mechanical strength of the blends with the PP-g-MAH addition was attributed to the compatibilizing effect of the PP and ABS blends. In the morphological studies, the droplet size of ABS was minimized (6.6 ${\mu}m$) at a PP-g-MAH content of 3 phr. From the rheological examination, the complex viscosity was maximized at a PP-g-MAH content of 3 phr. These mechanical, morphological and rheological results indicated that the compatibility of the PP/ABS (70/30) blends is increased with PP-g-MAH addition to an optimum blend at a PP-g-MAH content of 3 phr.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.191-214
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• 2008

Polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposites containing maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene were prepared by melt compounding and their rheological behavior was investigated in shear flow. Transient and steady shear flows were simulated numerically by using the K-BKZ integral constitutive equation along with experimentally determined damping functions under dynamic oscillatory and step strain shear flows. Nonlinear shear responses were predicted with the K-BKZ constitutive equation using two different damping functions such as the Wagner and PSM models. It was observed that PP-g-MAH compatibilized PP/layered silicate nanocomposites have stronger and earlier shear thinning and higher steady shear viscosity than pure PP resin or uncompatibilized nanocomposites at low shear rate regions. Strong damping behavior of the PP/layered silicate nanocomposite was predicted under large step shear strain and considered as a result of the strain-induced orientation of the organoclay in the shear flow. Steady shear viscosity of the pure PP and uncompatibilized nanocomposite predicted by the K-BKZ model was in good agreement with the experimental results at all shear rate regions. However, the model was inadequate to predict the steady shear viscosity of PP-g-MAH compatibilized nanocomposites quantitatively because the K-BKZ model overestimates strain-softening damping behavior for PP/layered silicate nanocomposites.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2001

Properties of ternary blends of nylon 6 (Ny6), a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP, poly(ester amide), 20 wt%) and a maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (2 wt%) (MAPP) were studied under various processing conditions. TLCP was pre-blended with MAPP first and then the binary one blended again with Ny6. The processing temperature of the second mixing was varied. Thermal properties show the partial miscibility of the ternary blend. The morphology of the TLCP phase in the first blending shows mostly in the fibril bundle shape, but varies between droplets and oriented fibrils after the second processing. Some of TLCP phase lost the fibril morphology during the second processing stage. The morphology variation invokes the change in tensile properties. Low extrusion temperature (270$\^{C}$) provides more fibril shapes, which are associated with less deformation in the second stage. The processing temperature effect was more evident when the draw ratio was high. High drawing was applicable due to the stabilizing action of tile compatibilizer.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.91-94
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• 2005

Polypropylene as a matrix has been used for wood polymer composites(WPC). In preparing WPC, the coupling agent, Polypropylene grafted Maleic Anhydride(PP-G-MA) was used in order to obtain a good interfacial bonding force between matrix and fillers and dispersion of wood powders. In this study, the effects of wood powder contents and water absorption on the mechanical properties were experimentally investigated. The tensile strength and flexural strength of composites reached its peak value when the wood powder content was around 60 wt%. However, the peak value of the impact was observed about 30 wt% of wood powder content. The tensile strength and flexural strength increase with increasing the wood power contents. But the impact strength decrease with increasing the wood powder contents. The slight change was observed with the water absorption in the WPC. The optimal condition of the compositions such as Anti-oxidant and UV stabilizers for the outdoor application was suggested in this research.