• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

This study was performed to investigate the effect of mixed rearing of male and female chickens on the stress response in Korean native chickens. To identify the degree of the stress response, heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio), heat shock protein genes (HSPs) expression, and intracellular nuclear DNA damage rate were analyzed before and after the mixed rearing of male and female chickens. The results showed that the H/L ratio of chickens after mixing males and females was more than thrice as higher than before mixing (P<0.001), but the differences between males and females were not significant. HSP-70, HSP90-α, and HSP90-β expression levels were 2.5 to 3.4 times higher after mixing male and female chickens, compared to before mixing (P<0.01). In the mixed rearing of male and female chickens, the increase in HSPs expression in females was higher than in males. Comet indicators in intracellular DNA damage rate analysis showed a significant increase after mixing male and female chickens compared to before mixing (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between males and females with respect to DNA damage rate. Taken together, these results suggest that male and female mixed rearing acts as a strong external stressor in both male and female chickens.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-84
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• 1979

The author measured the right and left craniofacial skeleton using posteroanterior cephalography of 124 male and 97 female subjects of ages ranging 2-6 years, 7-13 years and adult group on Korean. Statstical parameters were calculated by computer from the data. The results of the study were as follows. 1. In the male and female group of deciduous dentition, the right side measurements were slightly greater than the left side measurements, and generally male measurements were greater than female measurements. 2. In the both sex group of mixed dentition, the right side measurements were greater than the left side measurements, and in comparision of sex, the female recognized more growth, and development than male, especially on the cranial base, lateral maxilla, lower maxilla and dental region. 3. In the permanent dentition group, regardless of sex, the right side measurements were greater than the left side measurements, and in the sex difference, male was conspicuously greater than female on both sides measurements. 4. In the permanent dentition group, the asymmetry of the face was striking than deciduous dentition and mixed dentition group.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.106-110
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• 1991

The mode of inheritance of resistance to fenvalerate in the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) was studied using insecticide susceptibility and mixed function oxidase tests. Tehre were no differences in the concentration-mortality relationships between $F_1$ progenies $(S_{female}\timesR_{male},\;R_{female}\timesS_{male})$ obtained from reciprocal crosses with the susceptible and fenvalerate-selected strains(R), indicating the absence of sex-linked inheritance. Degree of dominance of the $F_1$ progenies $(S_{female}\timesR_{male},\;R_{female}\timesS_{male})$ were -0.50 and -0.46, respectively, in the insecticide susceptibility test and -0.85 and -0.81, respectively, in the mixed function oxidase test. These results suggest that inheritance of fenvalerate resistance is controlled by and incompletely recessive autosomal gene.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.193-196
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• 2010

Multiplex PCR-based short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is considered as a good tool for monitoring bone marrow engraftment after sex-mismatched allogeneic transplantation and provides a sensitive and accurate assessment of the contribution of both donor and/or recipient cells in post-transplantation specimens. Forensic STR analysis and quantitative real time PCR are used to determine the proportion of donor versus recipient each contained within the total DNA. The STR markers were co-amplified in a single reaction by using commercial $PowerPlex^{(R)}$ 16 system and $AmpFISTR^{(R)}$ $Identifiler^{(R)}$ / $Yfiler^{(R)}$ PCR amplification kits. Separation of the PCR products and fluorescence detection were performed by ABI $PRIS^{(R)}$ 3100 Genetic Analyzer with capillary electrophoresis. The $GeneMapper^{TM}$ ID software were used for size calling and analysis of STR profiles. Extracted DNA was quantified by the $Quantifiler^{TM}$ Human DNA / Y Human Male DNA Quantification Kit The intent of this study was to analyze the ratio of donor versus recipient cells in the post-transplant peripheral blood, spleen, lung and kidney specimens. Specimens were taken from the traffic accident male victim who had been engrafted from bone marrow female donor. Blood and spleen specimens displayed female donor DNA profile. Kidney specimen showed male recipient DNA profile. Interestingly, lung tissue showed mixed profiles. The findings of this study indicate that the forensic STR analysis using fluorescence labeling PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis is quick and reliable enough to assess the ratio of donor versus recipient cells and to monitor the mixed chimeric patterns.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 1983

The author studied on the dental arch widths and lengths and height of palates at 3 groups of dentition: mixed dentition, early permanent dentition, young adult, having normal occlusion and dentition. The models of the 336 maxillary and mandibular case, made from alginate-base hydrocolloid impressions were measured and analyzed statistically. The result as follows; 1. The upper intercanine width increased between the mixed dentition group and early permanent dentition group but there was no change in the young adult group in both sexes. The lower intercanine width increased between the mixed dentition group and early permanent dention group in the male. 2. The upper and lower 1st bimolar width increased slightly with age in the male but there was no change in the female. 3, The sex difference found in this study was one of absolute size, the female being slightly smaller than the male in the early permanent dentition group and young adult. 4. The arch length had no notable sexual differences and decreased between the mixed dentition group and early permanent dentition group. There was no change in the arch length in the young adult. 5. The height of palate increased gradually with age.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.74-76
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• 2001

Comparing to mammals, male bird has the homozygote ZZ and female has the heterozygote n. Therefore, the sex of fertilized eggs is defined by female chromosome constitution. Although this cytological observation had been established, the molecular and cellular mechanism of germ cell differentiation are essentially unknown in aves. Especially, the differentiation of germ cells in mixed-sex chimeras has not yet been clearly elucidated. Primordial germ cells, which are the progenitors of sperm or egg after sexual maturity, firstly arise in the epiblast and migrate to embryonic gonads through the blood vessel. During the embryo development, these PGCs differentiate in the pathway of mate or female, respectively and develop the sperm or egg cells after sexual maturity. In this paper, we confirmed that the female PGCs could migrate into the recipient male gonads after transferring and differentiate into germ cells in the embryonic stages. The primordial germ cells were isolated from the female embryonic gonads of 5.5-day-old incubation and re-injected into the male recipient embryos of 2-day-old incubation, which produced mixed-sex chimera in the germline. The finding in this study demonstrated the ability of migration and differentiation of gonadal primordial germ cells in mixed-sex chicken.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2003

This study examined the effect of vocal loudness on nasalance measures, under the conditions of three sentence patterns (i.e., Oral sentences, Mixed sentences, Nasal sentences). The vocal loudness level was classified into soft voice (55 dB), medium voice (65 dB) and loud voice (75 dB). The participants in the present study were 30 normal adults (male: female =1:1). Kay's Nasometer 6200 was used to measure nasalance and Sound level meter was used to adjust the loudness level. The results of the present study are as follows. Firstly, the change in vocal loudness is in the following. In the Oral sentence stimuli, the loud voice for both male and female showed the highest nasalance degree, and the medium voice the lowest level. In the Mixed and Nasal sentence stimuli, however, male participants showed the highest degree of nasalance in the soft voice, and the lowest degree in the loud voice, and female showed the highest degree of nasalance in the soft voice and the lowest in the medium voice. Secondly, when each subject's nasalance scores were ranked in a ordered manner, noticeable tendency. Lowest nasalance score occurred in the loud voice and the highest nasalance score was recorded in the soft voice during participants' reading of the Nasal sentences. However, it was hard to find such pattern in the Oral sentences. It is assumed that velopharyngeal function could be related to these findings. Furthermore, the findings associated with vocal loudness may have diagnostic as well as clinical implications.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.172-181
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the foods which 424(male 171, female 253) university students surveyed consumed frequently and to evaluate and the factors affecting their food consumption patterns. The survey was conducted at the beginning of nutrition courses each semester, March and September, 1998, with the questionnaire composed of general information, food, drinking and smoking habits, nutrition knowledge/attitude and food frequency questionnaire. The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 89.2% and 78.1% respectively, and the rates of smoking were 68.1% and 1.6% in males and female. The nutrition knowledge score was higher in females than in males, but the nutrition attitude score was not significantly different between the male and female groups. The foods frequently consumed among students were cooked rice(14.3/week), kimchi(11.1/week), coffee(5.7/week), vegetables in soup, jjigae and jorim(3.5/week), carbonated beverages(3.3/week), cooked mixed rice(3.2/week). Ramyun and chocolate·candies·biscuits were frequently consumed, too. There were several factors influencing food consumption patterns. These were gender, regularity of mealtimes, the status of alcohol drinking and smoking, residence type and the levels of nutrition knowledge and attitude. Males ate more frequently cooked rice, coffee, carbonated beverages, ramyun, functional beverages and ham·sausage, while females ate more frequently cooked mixed rice and fruits. Those who had the habits of irregular mealtimes seemed to eat more soft drinks, instant foods and snacks. These trends were also found in the alcohol drinking and smoking groups. High level groups for nutrition knowledge of attitude score chose raw yellow green and green vegetables, cooked mixed rice, soybeans and seaweeds more frequently than the other groups. On the other hand, low level groups for nutrition knowledge or attitude score were apt to eat carbonated beverages and ramyun more frequently. Therefore, more attention should be taken to males, having habits of irregular mealtimes, alcohol drinking and smoking, and low level groups for nutrition knowledge or attitude score so as to improve their health.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of single-sex or mixed rearing on the growth and laying performance, blood parameters, egg quality, and feather scores of laying hens in an aviary system. A total of 2,928 (females, 2,856; males, 72), Hy-Line Brown chickens at 20 weeks were evenly assigned to two treatments: termed here the single-sex (only female) and mixed-sex (female to male 20 : 1) conditions. They were allowed an ad libitum diet for 20 weeks in an aviary system. There were eight replicates of each treatment, each consisting of 12.42 m²·birds^-1 (n=183), respectively. The body weight and uniformity in the mixed-sex condition were higher than those in the single-sex condition, but egg production did not show any significant differences between the two types of treatment for 20 weeks. The mixed-sex group showed an effect through stress parameters (corticosterone), whereas the feather score on the back was low at the end of the experiment. These results suggest that the presence of males affect corticosterone level for mating but can reduce the vigilance and aggressive behavior of laying hens.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.3 s.35
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• pp.314-327
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• 1991

To evaluate the effects on health by exposure to mixed organic solvents, the author analyzed some labortory findings of blood (hemoglobin, hematocrit RBC, WBC, SGOT, SGPT) and urine (protein, blood, sugar) that were obtained from 722 workers (male:446, female:276) who worked in plywood, painting and shoes factories in Pusan area from January to December, 1990. The result were as follows ; 1. The mean values of each hematologic findings were all within normal limit but there were significant differences at hematocrit, RBC, WBC, SGOT in male and at WBC, SGPT in female at the comparison of the mean values and the distribution according to the normal criteria by type of work. 2. There were no differences in urinalysis(protein, blood, sugar) by type of work. 3. In stepwise multiple regression, analysis of hematologic findings on age, working duration and type of work, regression coefficients on age and type of work were relatively high in male and female sub1, respectively. As a result of this study, it is considered that the measurement of WBC with morphology is significant in hematologic findings and instead of spot urine and urinstix, 24 hours urine and quantitative analysis is required in urinalysis in screening test for healthy status of workers who deal with the organic solvents.