• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.895-903
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• 2015

Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the translation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in the growth and development of a variety of cells, including primordial germ cells (PGCs) which play an essential role in germ cell development. However, the target mRNAs and the regulatory networks influenced by miRNAs in PGCs remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a novel miRNAs control PGC development through targeting mRNAs involved in various cellular pathways. We reveal the PGC-enriched expression patterns of nine miRNAs, including miR-10b, -18a, -93, -106b, -126-3p, -127, -181a, -181b, and -301, using miRNA expression analysis along with mRNA microarray analysis in PGCs, embryonic gonads, and postnatal testes. These miRNAs are highly expressed in PGCs, as demonstrated by Northern blotting, miRNA in situ hybridization assay, and miRNA qPCR analysis. This integrative study utilizing mRNA microarray analysis and miRNA target prediction demonstrates the regulatory networks through which these miRNAs regulate their potential target genes during PGC development. The elucidated networks of miRNAs disclose a coordinated molecular mechanism by which these miRNAs regulate distinct cellular pathways in PGCs that determine germ cell development.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the testicular toxicity of environmental toxicant, 2-bromopropane(2-BP) recently caused occupational intoxication in Korea by light microscopy and electron microscopy. To evaluate the effect on spermatogenesis and find target germ cell 10 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 5g/10m ℓ/kg/day of 2-bromopropane for 3 consecutive days orally and observed on day 1 or day 7 after treatment. 2-BP induced depletion of spermatogonia and early spermatocytes on stages I-IX or extensive degeneration of germ cells on the other stages on day 1. But extensive degeneration of germ cells without stage specificity was observed and round spermatid formed multinucleated giant cells in the lumen of seminiferous tubules on day 7. Electron microscopically Sertoli cells showed irregular shape of nucleus and cytoplasmic vauolation. And spermatocyte showed a extensive heterochromatin and cytoplasmic vacuolation. But there was no histopathological changes in the interstial cells. On the base of the results the target germ cell was spermatogonia in the early of the study but Srtoli cells also effected by high-dosed 2-BP in the late of the study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1015-1022
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• 2007

The spermatogonial stem cell (SSCs) is unique in that it is the only cell in the adult male that can contribute genes to a subsequent generation. Permanent modification of the germ cell line may be realized if stem cells could be cultured, transfected with unique genes, and then transplanted into recipient testes. We developed a culture system that supported long-term viability of SSCs. We used a retrovirus vector (pMSCV including ${\beta}$-galactosidase) to stably transfect spermatogonia following long-term culture using the system developed. Expression of the reporter gene ${\beta}$-galactosidase controlled by the retroviral vector was stable in long-term cultured SSCs. We confirmed the retroviral-mediated ${\beta}$-galactsidase gene could be expressed in germ cells in recipient mice following SSCs transplantation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.125-138
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cadmium chloride on the spermatogenesis of male mouse. Cadmium chloride was administered as a single dose of 5mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection. The testes were isolated from the experimental animals at 3 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours respectively after administration of cadmium chloride. The major changes in ultrastructures of the seminiferous tubules observed after cadmium chloride administration include dilation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, swelling of mitochondria and vacuolation in cytoplasm of the germ cells. Especially, cadmium chloride caused direct damages to spermatogonia such as degeneration of nuclei, nuclear membrane and plasma membrane. In addition, necrotic changes were observed in most germ cells at 24 hours after cadmium chloride administration. Therefore, it seems clear from these results that cadmium chloride induces acute irreversible degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules of the mouse testis, so that the cadmium chloride ultimately causes necrosis in germ cells at all stages of the spermatogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1514-1517
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• 2000

In chicken, exogenous genes introduced into germinal crescent region (GCR) of the early developmental stage, where primordial germ cells (PGCs) were concentrated, were successfully transferred to the gonads via PGCs. The foreign genes were also confirmed to be successfully incorporated into F1 and F2 generations. We tried to incorporate the exogenous genes into PGCs by lipofection, then the DNA mixture was injected into GCR at stage 3-5 or 9-11 of embryonic development (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951). The manipulated eggs were incubated, and hatched chicks were reared until sexual maturation. F1 generation was obtained from the DNA-treated chicken (DNA-chicken) mated with normal birds. Furthermore, F2 generation was also obtained from the F1 chicken mated with normal birds. The transfer of introduced foreign genes were confirmed by marker gene detection methods and PCR analysis in the hatched chicks, F1 and F2 generations. However, in our experiments, DNA-chickens showed abnormal characteristics such as low egg production rate, abnormal appearance and decreased number of spermatozoa. In the case of F1 chicken, low egg production and the deterioration of sperm capacity for insemination in male chicken were observed.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2018

Proteins play a key role in many functions such as metabolic activity, differentiation, as cargos and cell fate regulators. It is necessary to know about the markers involved in male fertility in order to develop remedies for the treatment of male infertility. But, the role of the proteins is not limited to particular function in the biological systems. Some of the proteins act as ion channels such as catsper and proteins like Nanos acts as a translational repressor in germ cells and expressed in prenatal period whose role in male fertility is uncertain. Rbm5 is a pre mRNA splicing factor necessary for sperm differentiation whose loss of function results deficit in sperm production. DEFB114 is a beta defensin family protein necessary for sperm motility in LPS challenged mice where as TEX 101 is a plasma membrane specific germ cell protein whose function is not clearly known u to now. Gpr56 is another adhesion protein whose null mutation leads to arrest of production of pups in rats. Amyloid precursor protein role in Alzheimer's disease is already known but it plays an important role in male fertility also but its function is uncertain and has to be considered while targeting APP during the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The study on amyloid precursor protein in male fertility is a novel thing but requires further study in correlation to alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.293-297
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• 1985

저자들은 최근 50세 남자 환자에서 병리조직학적으로 증명된 정상피종과 태아성 암으로 구성된 결합종양 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 아울러 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2015

피뿔고둥, Rapana venosa의 정소소엽 내에서 정자형성과정 중에 생성되는 정상적인 생식세포의 발달과 함께 섞이어 일정 시기에만 출현하는 비정형세포들을 미세구조적으로 관찰하였고, 또한 정소 발달단계에 따른 저정낭 내층 상피세포들의 주기적 변화를 조직학적 관찰에 의해 조사하였다. 생식세포의 발달단계는 정원세포기, 정모세포기, 정세포기, 정자기로 나누어지며, 정모세포기는 다시 제1 정모세포기와 제2 정모세포기로 세분할 수 있어, 총 5 단계로 구분할 수 있었다. 정상적인 웅성생식세포들의 분화와 발달과정은 다른 복족류 종들과 유사하였다. 정자는 길이가 대략 $50{\mu}m$ 정도이었다. 정자의 미부 편모의 악소님 (axoneme) 은 주변에 9쌍의 미세소관들과 중앙에 1쌍의 미세소관들로 구성되어 있다. 즉, 9+2 구조를 이루고 있다. 특히, 대형 복족류 중 뿔소라과 피뿔고둥의 경우는 예외적으로 다른 이매패류나 두족류 등과 달리 정소소엽 내에서 정자형성과정 중에 정상적인 생식세포들 사이에서 총 4종 (Type IA, IB, Type IIA, IIB) 의 비정형세포들 (atypical cells) 이 함께 출현하는 특징을 보이고 있는데, 이러한 현상은 대형 복족류의 단지 소수의 종들에 한하여 출현하는 예외적인 특이한 현상이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 비정형세포들은 저정낭의 여러 단계 중 내층 상피세포들 내에서는 발견되지 않았다. 추측컨대 몇 가지 비정형세포들은 리소좀-모양의 공포들이나 리소좀-모양의 소체들을 가지는데, 이들은 정소소엽 내에서 붕괴나 그 자신들의 흡수에 관여하는 것으로 추정된다. 상당량의 정자들이 정소소엽 내에서 형성되어, 그들의 일부는 7월 말까지 정소에서 저정낭으로 이동된다. 교미 성기는 6-7 월 사이이었다. 피뿔고둥 저정낭 발달단계의 주기적 변화는 (1) S-1 단계 (휴지단계), (2) S-II 단계 (축적단계), 그리고 S-III 단계 (배정단계) 의 3 단계로 구분되었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2003

1. 생쥐 고환으로부터 얻은 세포를 배양하여 군집을 형성하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며, AP, SSEA-1, -3, -4과 Integrin $\alpha$6, $\beta$1 및 Oct4의 발현을 확인하였다. 2. 생쥐 생식줄기세포를 3-5일정도 배양하게 되면, 여러 층으로 이루어진 군집을 이루게 되는데 이는 생쥐 배아줄기세포나 배아생식줄기세포의 형태와 같은 것이었다. 3. 생쥐 생식줄기세포를 체외에서 효과적으로 분리, 배양할 수 있는 조건을 확립하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.63-65
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• 2002

Identification of spermatogonial stem cell-specific surface molecules is important in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance and differentiation of these cells. We have found that spermatogonia from busulfan treated mice expressed an autoantigen that distinguishes between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia. Four to six weeks after busulfan treatment, germ cells located in the basal compartment of seminiferous epithelium show isotype-specific IgG deposits that form due to autoimmunity. Before busulfan treatment, the level of testicular IgG was very low but IgG levels began to increase after week 4 and peaked at week 6. When cells from the busulfan treated testis were analyzed using laser scanning cytomeoy (LSC), the frequency of cells positive for IgG deposits, 6-integrin, and 1-integrin were 16.5${\pm}$3.8%, 11.8${\pm}$2.6%, and 9.0${\pm}$ 1.4%, respectively. Immunofluorescent staining suggested that most, if not all of the cells with IgG-deposits isolated from a laminin-coated dish, were also positive for a spermatogonial stem cell marker \ulcorner6-integrins as well as for a germ cell-specific marker TRA 98. We determined serum and intratesticular IgG levels and the soundness of seminiferous tubule basement membrane from busulfan treated mice using electron microscopy, in order to study the mechanism responsible for IgG deposits in spermatogonia. We found that the basement membranes of seminiferous tubules from busulfan treated mice were severely impaired when compared to those of normal adult, neonates and w/wv mice. Furthermore, new blood cells were observed in the surface of the damaged basement membrane along the seminiferous tubules. These results suggest that the IgG in spermatogonial stem cells accumulates from circulating blood through the impaired basement membranes induced by busulfan treatment. Taken together, our study suggests that IgG can be used as a new marker for undifferentiated spermatogonia cells.