• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.195-213
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• 2004

The researcher worked with 1001 middle and high school students so as to inquire into the family-related variables affecting the adolescents' school maladjustment from the results of the average, standard deviation and multiple regression analysis. The followings were the major findings. 1. The study activity was the first thing that the subjects did not adjust among their school life and the relationship with teacher, with opposite-sex friends, the rule-keeping and the friendship were the next in the order. 2. The researches on family-related variables affecting the school maladjustment were performed by gender (male / female), gender/school(male and middle / male and high / female and middle / female and high), school(middle / high) and system(academic / vocational). The most influential variables were the structural environment one in case of male students and male and middle school students; the parent-relationship one in case of female students, female and middle school students, female and high school students, middle school and vocational high school students; and the physical environment one in case of high school students, male and high school students and academic high school students.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.121-134
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of adolescents' body image and communication with their parents on the alienation of male and female middle school students. The subjects were 253 middle school students. The data were analyzed with SPSS win 18.0 using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test and stepwise regression. The findings showed that problematic communication with the father was the strongest factor in explaining the alienation of male middle school students. The second strongest factor was the middles school student's open communication with the mother, and the third strongest factor was the middle school student's perception of physical health. Unlike male students, open communication with the father was the strongest factor in explaining the alienation of female middle school students. Problematic communication with the mother was the second strongest factor. Perception of physical appearance was the third strongest, and perception of physical health was the fourth strongest factor. Based on the results of the study, implications were discussed in terms of the alienation of male and female middle school students.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-perception of health and body image, blood lipid profiles and nutrient intake of adolescents. The subjects were 686 adolescent boys (379 middle school students, 307 high school students) and 613 adolescent girls (272 middle school students, 341 high school students) in Incheon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL- and HDL-cholesterol. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 10.0 program. Average age, height and weight of male middle school students were 13.8 years, 163.5cm, 56.0kg and those of male high school students were 16.5 years, 171.7cm, 64.3kg. In female, average age, height and weight of middle school students were 13.7 years, 157.1cm, 51.5kg and those of high school students were 16.6 years, 159.7cm, 56.8kg. Female middle school students perceived their health status significantly better compared to female high school students (p < 0.001). Female high school students perceived themselves significantly fatter compared to female middle school students (p < 0.05). Average TG level of female middle school students was significantly higher compared to female high school students (p < 0.01). Nutrient intakes of the male and female students except phosphorus were lower than the Korean RDA. Especially, calcium and iron intakes of male and female students were under the 65% of the Korean RDA. Therefore, proper nutrition education is required for Korean adolescents to encourage desirable food habits and maintain nutritional lipids status. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 3∼12, 2003)

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.5 s.95
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• pp.626-635
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• 2006

The eating attitudes, opinions related to health and eating habits of 382 middle school students (184 male, 198 female) living in Seoul Gangbuk and Yangphyung areas were studied. The results of this study are summarized as follows. Most middle school students (57.6%) didn’t eat breakfast. The main reasons for skipping the meal were lack of time (51.5%) and of appetite (39.3%). However, students (36.7%) recognized breakfast as being the most important meal. The self perception of health status showed that male students responded ‘good’ (58.7%) while female students responded ‘fair’ (48.5%). Overall, 42.4% of the male students were satisfied with their body shape while 71.2% of the female students wanted to get thinner. More male students (76.4%) used various diet exercises for losing weight than female students (67.0%). Students living in Yangpyeung area (79.1%) used more diet exercises than those in Seoul (61.9%). More than half (57.3%) of middle school students did not consider their food combination. More than half (56.0%) of male students took vegetables almost every meal while 50.1% of female students took them one meal per day. Most of the middle school students took fruits more than 2-3 times per week. Students living in Yangpyeung area (58.0%) consumed more milk and than those in Seoul Gangbuk (43.4%). Male students preferred saltier food than female students. The eating habit scores were 1.90 in males and 1.85 in females and these scores were increased with increasing family monthly food spending.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

Customer satisfaction concerning foodservice quality characteristics were evaluated by using importance performance analysis(IPA) techniques in middle school foodsevice operations. One hundred students from each of 17 middle schools in Gangwon province were surveyed by self-developed questionnaire. Total of 1,675 questionnaires(female 943 and male 732 respectively) were collected and data were analyzed using SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1.The male and female students scored the importance level as 3.99 and 4.03 out of 5 respectively, which means 'important' The performance level of female(2.71) was significantly lower than male(2.86) which means 'between bad and so-so'. it is suggested that the statistical analysis should be conducted respectively according to gender. And there is no performance level over 4(good). 2. Dissatisfied quality attributes identified were convenience of dinning room and the managerial attitude of dissatisfaction in the female and male students. 3. Satisfied quality attributes identified were hygiene of food and dinning room and spoon and cup and drinking water table and distribution process, taste of food, variety of food in the female and male students. 4. The performance scores of lower price(less than 1500 won) lunch group was higher than higher price(more than 1800 won) lunch group in the female and male students.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2014

This study examined the effect of middle school students' perceived marital conflict on the middle school students' aggression. Also it examined the differences of male and female middle school students. The researcher surveyed 500 questionnaires for middle school students and was using 444 questionnaires in the final analysis. To analysis the data, t-test, Pearson correlation and the multiple group Structural Equation Modeling approach was used. It was sown that in the middle school students who highly perceived their interparental conflict, the higher the aggression. Interpartental conflicts significantly affected on middle school students' aggression in male and female students. It was sown, also that in the male middle school students who highly perceived their interparental conflict than girl students who highly perceived, the higher the aggression. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the importance of parental roles have effects on middle school students' problem behavior. Especially it was found that male middle school students aggression are influences by interparental conflict. Accordingly, this study has significances by proposing methods of efficient parental consultation and education to resolve parental conflicts.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.6 s.72
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• pp.13-26
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personal, familial, educational, internet factor on adolescent's self-esteem according to the age and gender. The participants were 2,229 male and female students attending to middle and high schools. The results of this study were as follows: First, the self-esteem score of middle school students was higher than the score of high school students. Second, there were differences between females and males in several aspects. In order to explore and identify patterns of these differences, hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted with separate groups (male middle school students, female middle school students, male high school students, and female high school students). Third, female middle school students' self esteem was affected by familial and educational factors. Male middle school students' self esteem was affected by familial factor, particularly by parental marital conflict. In the case of female high school students, self esteem was associated with economic variables (spending money and subjective economic level). Male high school students' self esteem was affected b? the level of use of the internet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.119-135
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• 1991

The study was designed to gain necessary basic data order to grasp health knowledge, attitude, practice level of middle and high school students and to analyse th problem and to point out the method of improvement in the field of school health education. The survery was carried out through this reporter's interview for 2,400 students who attend to ten schools in Young Nam area during the period of a month from 25 the June to 25th July 1989. The result of this study can be summaried as follows. 1. The total number of answers on the question was 2,346. As for general characteristics the percent of female middle school students was 60.6% and the percent of male students was 77.7%, 45.9% of high school students was evening school students. 52.9% of middle school students and 42.3% of high school students were borne in rural area. 2. The percentage of unknown and misunderstanding for Epidemic Hepatitis infection was 46.3% of middle school students and 29.6% of high school students. 3. The percentage of unknown and misunderstanding for Epidemic Hemorrhage fever infection was 85.6% of middle school students and 66.9% of high school students. 4. The percentage of right knowledge for AIDS infection was 66.0% of middle school students and 90.4% of high school students. 5. The percentage of right knowledge for Typhoid infection was 47.8% of middle school students and 69.4% of high school students. 6. The percentage of unknown and misunderstanding for Tuberculosis infection was 71.6% of middle school students and 62.2% of high school students. 7. As for personal hygiene, the percentage of toothbrushing after every meal was high level : 44.2% of middle school students and 42.0% of high school students. 8. 60.9% of middle school students take a bath twice a week, 49.2% oh high school students take a bath a week. Times of bath of middle school students was higher than that of high school students. 9.The percentage of washing hand after using toilet was 42.1% of middle school students and 35.1% of high school students. 49.0% of middle school students and 55.1% of high school students wash hand sometimes after using toilet. 10. The percentage of change of underwear twice a week was 57.6% of middle school students and 49.8% of high school students. 11. The percentage of habit of unbalanced diet was 30.% of middle school students and 27.6% of high school students. 50.8% of middle school students and 51.7% of high school students have balanced diet. 12. Index of health practice of personal hygiene can be summarized as follows. A. A case of middle school students. 1) The percentage of health practice index in male and female was 49.6% and 48.1% respectively. Index of female students was higher than that of male students. 2) As for parent's occupation, public servants and company emplyee was upper level. Farming was low level. 3) As for income level, middle, level with 56.5% was highest in high income level and low level with 27.4% was highest in low income level. B. A case of high school students. 1) Middle level of health practice index was 46.0% of male students, upper and low level was 32.4% and 28.0% of female students respectively. 2) Middle level of health practice index was high in farming and company employee and upper level was high in commerce and service, low level with 60.0% was high in unemployed. 3) Upper practice index 35.7% appears in the rich and low practice index 38.3% appears in the poor. 13. Average points of Health practice about personal hygiene were as follows. (Full marks at 4). A. A case of middle school. Female (1.87 point) was higher than male (1.26 point). Night time (2.03 point) was higher than day time (1.66 point) and middle or small cities (2.17 point) are high than any other places. As for parent's occupation, students whose parents are company clerk get high marks (2.32) and ten students whose parent's job are service get next high marks (2.20). B. A case of high school. Female (1.53 point) was higher than male (1.22 point), as parents educational level were higher the point were higher, and as income level was higher, the points of health practice (1.78) were higher, and as for parents occupation, service get highest point (1.93) and commerce get next high point (1.86) public servant get low point (1.66). 14. The percentage of experience in smoking was 11.9% of middle school students and 60.9% of high school students. 15. The percentage of experience in inhalation of bond and administrating LSD was 4.3% of male middle school students, 8.4% of female middle school students, 6.9% of male high school students and 4.2% of female high school students. The knowledge level of communicable disease infection are very low in middle and high school students and practice level of personal hygiene are also very low. As a whole we can evaluate that middle and high school students are low level of health knowledge and practice. In conclusion, we must consider preparation for school health education program through establishing of health subjects in the carriculum, and securing of health education teachers and using materials and media program of health education. It is very important to establish macroscopic policy and strategy for public health education and to get people have right knowledge and practice for health.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2022

This study aimed to identify the effect parent-adolescent intimacy and parent-adolescent communication on the resilience in male and female middle school students. Data were collected by 276 middle school students using a self-questionnaire. With SPSS 21.0, frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Communication with father and intimacy with father were identified as factors influencing the resilience of male middle school students, and communication with father and intimacy with mother were identified as factors influencing the resilience of female middle school students. Communication with fathers has been identified as a factor influencing the resilience of middle school boys and girls, so it is necessary to develop and apply educational programs for positive communication between middle school students and fathers. It is necessary to develop and apply an intervention program to improve intimacy between male middle school students and fathers and intimacy between female middle school students and mothers.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate various kinds of discipline problems in middle school classrooms, and the differences in severity and frequency of the classroom discipline problems between male and female students' classrooms in middle schools. This study shows that the discipline problems in the middle school classrooms include using a cellular phone, chattering, sleeping, chewing gum, reading comic books, asking useless questions, challenging a teacher, fighting, calling names, skipping class, throwing trash in the classroom, breaking classroom equipment, creating disorder, losing materials, playing with a ball in the classroom, gambling, and so on. Generally, male students recognized the severity of the classroom discipline problems more than the female students. However, it is shown that the frequency of discipline problems in male students' classrooms is higher than that in female students' classrooms. From the results of this study, male students have more active discipline problems (playing with a ball in the classroom, throwing trash in the classroom, coming to class late, gambling, cutting in line, and so on). On the other hand, female students have more passive discipline problems (making a noise by using a cellular phone, asking useless questions, sending messages to a classmate, studying other subjects, scattering, and so on).