• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.4 s.10
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• pp.87-99
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• 2006

This research has the purpose to examine the images sought for, makeup Consciousness, and behavioral aspects during makeup by the college girls in their 20s in the region of Daeieon and Chungnam that have strong interest in appearance and start color makeup in full scale, who form the main consumer layers in cosmetics market, and to analyze their preference on colors and feelings by the kinds of cosmetics, and their cosmetics purchase behavior. A questionnaire survey on the college girls in Daejeon and Chungnam region has shown the following results. The biggest reason college girls do the makeup was for a refined and pure image as well as protection of skin and covering defects. Their greatest concern was skin protection, and as for color selection, harmonizations of skin color and hair color were the largest consideration. In addition, the type of makeup they do most was foundation makeup, while pink was the most frequent lipstick color, and lip glow was mostly normal colors. However, they mostly answered that they do not use eye shadow, eye runner, and foundation. It was shown that their cosmetics purchase p]aces were specialized discount stores for about 47% nearly half of them, and they consider colors the most for lipsticks and eye shadows, and affinity to skin for foundations and basic cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

This paper proposes a new algorithm that improve color component of compensated image using Retinex method for back-light image. A back-light image has two regions, one of the region is too bright and the other one is too dark. If an back-light image is improved contrast using Retinex method, it loses color information in the part of brightness of the image. In order to make up loss information, proposed algorithm adds color components from original image. The histogram can be divided three parts that brightness, darkness, midway using K-mean (k=3) algorithm. For the brightness, it is used color information of the original image. For the darkness, it is converted using by Retinex method. The midway region is mixed between original image and Retinex result image in the ratio of histogram. The ratio is determined by distance from dark area. The proposed algorithm was tested on nature back-light images to evaluate performance, and the experimental result shows that proposed algorithm is more robust than original Retinex algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1275-1287
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• 2006

This was to confirm the Web-SFAS and street Fashion trend 2005. Korea women's street fashion in 2005 S/S was analyzed by using the Web-SFAS(Street Fashion Analysis System) that was developed and completed in the earlier research. Total 270 women who were sensitive to the fashion were surveyed around in 5 nationwide cities and 9 commercial zones. The analysis results of the questionnaire and image survey in 2005 S/S for each commercial zone is shown as follows: 1. The sequence of care with most interest in producing fashionable shape is in the order of clothes>accessory>hair style>make up>shoes, and it was found that the proper reason for visiting the commercial zone is to meet with friends than shopping. 2. Most preferred item for tops were shirts and T-shirts, while for bottoms were blue jeans of denim material in various colors and designs. The color had the clear winner in white color with the pink or yellow line of colors preferred in all commercial zones. The blue jeans and skirt items were the most dominant with the preference on the blue color. The color and image were diversely favored with light, natural, modern, elegance and warm images. 3. The semi-formal image was preferred in women's street fashion, 2005 S/S in Apgujeong-dong, Hapseong-dong, Myeong-dong, Hongik University area, Dongseong-ro, and the active comfort casual image was preferred by womens in Seo-myeon, Nampo-dong and Sangnam-dong. However the retro image were represented in Daehak-ro specially. The tendency of street fashion for women had the difference of their own trends for each commercial zone, rather then the regional differences for each city with the conspicuous preference of color for the items.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.151-157
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• 2021

Along with hair beauty, skin beauty, and nail beauty, according to the rapidly changing social flow of industrialization and appearanceism, makeup is acting as an important means for successful social life and smooth human relationships. Accordingly, the realistic need to increase sales of the beauty industry by investigating individual preferred makeup colors from various angles is emerging. Therefore, the makeup interest and color preference according to the pursuit of appearance management were analyzed for women in their teens to 40s living in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do. As a result of the study, it was found that service workers, students, and teenagers and younger usually wear a lot of makeup. ) was found to be the most used. Through this study, I believe that it will be used as basic data for future makeup product development as well as application data for color selection by makeup artists as well as to increase sales of beauty shops.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-83
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• 2011

This study aims to prove the changes, development and social background of Korean male cosmetics over the period of 2000-2010. There were total 574 articles written about male make-up and cosmetics in Chosun Daily, Joongang Daily and Donga Daily, which are the top three Korean local daily newspapers in terms of sales revenue for that period. These articles were analyzed together with social background research from various books and daily newspapers. The analysis of articles was divided into different categories; such as foundation cosmetics, color cosmetics, hair, and the social background. It was found that the articles related to foundation cosmetics were written the most, the articles related to male appearance management were second, articles on other items including how to manage the skin being the least. As for the social background of Korean male cosmetics, first of all, a change in social recognition can be pointed out. The traditional understanding of gender roles has changed, men's appearance management has started to be regarded as a competitive talent, and at the same time, the esthetic viewpoint for men also has changed. One example is the newly made popular term, "flower-handsome man", which shows the new trend of favoring males with nice skin. Second, the expansion of mass culture can be pointed out. As consumers can get information and fashion trends easier and faster, the fashion spreads fast, and this has led to the generalization and popularization of the sense of beauty. Third, the development of scientific technology and medical science can be pointed out. Thanks to the progress in those areas. the extension of youthfulness has become possible and the cosmetics industry was also affected greatly, as shown in the market spread of functional products for anti-ageing and wrinkle control as the interest in anti-ageing has grown. There are benefits from the development of scientific technology, but the problem of environmental pollution has appeared due to machinery and industrialization and thus the issue of well-being has been raised. Rising interest in naturalism, pro-environmentalism and organic cosmetics has influenced the cosmetics industry. In addition, the quantity of ultraviolet rays exposed to our skin has increased due to the air pollution caused by the destruction of environment, leading to increased usage of sun block lotion. Lastly, the influence of consumer society and the expansion of consumerism culture can be pointed out. In the modern society, consumption acts not only as the use of products and services but it also has an important role of mediating individuals with others and the society. The market for male cosmetics has been expanding and the number of men putting on make-up has been increasing rapidly. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that the analysis of the mode of change and the social background are an essential process in order to provide a direction for the future market for male cosmetics.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

There have been studied with activity about color standard due to extention of digital contents' application area. Therefore the studies in relation to the standard are needed to represent image's feature as color. Also the methods to extract color's feature to be apt to various application are needed. In this paper, we set the base color as 50 colors from Munsell color system, get the color histogram to show the characteristics of colors's distribution of a image, and propose the method to extract representative colors from the histogram. Firstly, we convert a input image of RGB color space to a image of HSI color space and split the image into hue area and non-hue area. To split hue area and non-hue area, we use a fixed threshold and a perception-function of color area function to reflect the subjective vision of human-being. We compute histograms from each area and then make a total histogram from the histogram of hue area and the histogram of hue area, and extract the representative colors from the histogram. To evaluate the proposed method, we made 18 test images, applied conventional methods and proposed method to them Also the methods are applied to public images and the results are analyzed. The proposed method represents well the characteristics of the colors' distribution of images and piles up colors' frequency to representative colors. Therefore the representative colors can be applied to various applications

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.1164-1167
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• 2003

Recently CRT is getting flatted, As change of CRT trend from normal type to Flat type, the material of Shadow Mask was also changed from AK(Aluminum Killed) to Invar(Fe-Ni alloy) materials Until now we have used just AK(Aluminum Killed) for normal type TV(not flat type), but main raw material of shadow mask component was changed. . However recently Invar(Fe-Ni alloy) materials, which has advantage of Low Thermal Expansion and High Strength, has been developed as well as applying in mass production as CRT's trend has become more flat and fine pitch. As main raw material of shadow mask component was changed, conditions of process were changed. One of them, the importance of pre-etching process (assistant process for developing & etching) is improved because there are so many particles in the pre-etching bath because of Ni compounds. Since the solubility of Ni in pre-etching solvent is very low related to Fe's, so the compounds of Ni happen to make particles.(the solubility of Fe is twenty times Ni's) that particles happen to make process troubles and NG productions so to clear the particles we had to established high cost filtering system, but it is useless. As time goes by the quantity of particles (Ni compounds) was increased because of the capability of filtering system was not enough, the particles was produced continuous in bath, and it make quality problems. Hence we tried to develop the new pre-etching solution to remove the particles (Ni compounds) and to cost down the filtering system's running cost. But in improving the solution we discovered the new pre-etching solution made the PR developing better. In former solution there were three kinds of chemistry (COOH)2 , H2O2 , H2S04 .first the function of (COOH)2 is drilling the surface of Invar, during this mechanism Ni compounds occurred. Second the function of H202 is removing the PR fringe (half UV exposure zone on PR(PVA)), Third the function of H2S04 is the catalysis of (COOH)2 In those, (COOH)2 was the main reason to make the Ni compounds. So to improve the solutions we had to change (COOH)2 to the other material. the chemistry we improved was a complex chemistry based on H2S04 . after using this chemistry the particles problem was disappeared and there was another advantage cut down the PR fringe. The New solution made the function of H202 better so the PR developing improved. To be direct the catalyst of the new solution helped the H202. anyway First thing after change the solution the quality of shadow Mask for flat color TV was improved & the yield also improved. But the more important thing is how to control the new solution. So we accepted the new concept which was the degree of freshness. The degree of freshness is based on non-reacted solution which was 100% ( the degree of freshness) and calculated the melted Ni quantity as time goes by. So we made the gauging liner plot. In conclusion, many companies tried to make fine pitched Shadow Mask ,generally to make quality jump up it needed a lot of cost & persons .in this case the shift of core material made it possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.11 no.2 s.24
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• pp.37-55
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• 1987

Pasul (Herein after referred to Korean-styled Pasul) to cover up the secrets, which has originated from Bool-an original mode of clothes is to put around a belt with a kind of towel. With the development of culture, it has been handed down the parts of ornamental and symbolic functions, losted its particular and original one. In general, we cannot exactly show when the Pasul has been used as a ritual dress, but, dare to maintain in this thesis, which has been used in Koguryu era. This thesis is summarized as follows: 1. The Bool, which is the first dress of all has its origin in the prehistory, and gradually has developed to a ceremonial dress with the help of man's intelligence. 2. Korean-styled Pasul has continuously been handed down from generation to generation (to adding up, from Koguryu era to Yi dynasty). Today, the color of the Pasul is known as a pink one, but I, herein, would like to refer that king Kojong in Yi dynasty had on a yellow-colored Pasul. 3. With becoming to be a form of ceremonial dress, the Bool has become to be complicated in style. For example, in the Koguryu era, the style is in the form of 'U,' and in Koryu era, it is the echelon formation tinting a pink color and weaving a mountain and flare shaped designs, and its dimension, the upper is one ja (a ja means a unit of length, 0.33 M), the lower, two ja, its length three ja. The Bool of Yi dynasty tints a pink color, and weaves a seaweeds, rices, axes and shaped designs. The Pasul which King Kojong in Yi dynasty put in, was a yellow-colored one weaving dragons and fire shaped design. 4. The Pasul is a ceremonial dress used a ritual or court dress. The purposes of wearing it are to distinguish the upper from the lower classes, to make them abide by regulations, and to respect courtesy. Accordingly, the Pasul. as the dress for special occassions does make us review the old and learn the new. 5. The reason that Pasul has been handed down are: 1) richness and fecundity. 2) symbol mark to represent classicalism. 3) to symbolize the authority by putting on it, for it is necessary to distinguish the upper from the lower classes along with the class consciousness in society. 6. On the basis of the study, the Pasul transition is to be handed down the function of the ornament and symbol. after losted its original functions, with the development of culture.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.141-155
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to arrange the korean women's hair styles of the beginning of 21st century and make hair style image making chart to use personal image making consulting data through analyze actress hair styles of broadcasting TV drama. To accomplish this purposes, picked up the two most popular dramas per each broadcasting stations, KBS1, KBS2, MBC, SBS, in february 2004. and analyzed and arranged hair styles of actress and at the last made the hair style image making chart. The results of the research are as belows. 1. Hair trends of february 2004. were Modern Sophisticated, Active and Romantic. 2. The results of three classifications of hair style trends, form, color, accessory, were as belows. 1) Form : Layer, left part, straight, low wave, long hair, no volme, bang were in vogue. Generally, Modern Sophisticated, Active, Romantic feeling were in vogue. 2) Color : Black, brown, two tone color were in vogue. Generally Modern Sophisticated, Romantic, Active feeling were in vogue. 3) Accessory : Hair bands & pins were in vogue. Generally these gave the Modern, Active feeling. 3. Hair style image making chart manufacturing depends on fashion feeling. 1) Classification of feeling, 2) Analysis of form, 3) Analysis of color, 4) Hair style image making chart manufacturing depends on fashion feeling This research will be a historical data of korean women's hair styles of the beginning of 21st century & can be used the basic data of personal hair style image making consulting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.250-256
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• 1998

The culture of makeup has early developed in China. Especially, beautiful eyebrows were the symbol of a beauty. This study is related to fashionable Cheong-Dae in Han Dynasty. In Han Dynasty, women painted thier eyebrows with blue color in a different color from former periods. This fact has close connection with the bordering countries on Western China. Together with Hu fashion having been in fashion during trading directive with Western China women has seemed to use Cheong-Dae for their makeup in Han Dynasty. In Hand Dynasty, Ferghana women had very often used it for their makeup. And it had produced in Ferghana, Jaguda, Kashkar. In Tang Dynasty, it has been said that Persia was the best. Let's take a look at the producing method. Soak indigo plants in water add lime and stir it up, then bubbles are formed. They are called it as Cheong-Dae. Nearly, they are produced in the course of indigo dying. So we can see inflowing course of Cheong-Dae into China through the history of Indigo dying. We can guess the use of Cheong-Dae in Egypt. Indeed, Nile Blue is used for the Protection their access from insects as well as effect of coolness visually. This guess is very reasonable because the fact is considered that some people dye with indigo color by the way of sedimentation in Peniasula of Sinai. Also, the PH of Cheong-Dae is about 7. So, it does no harm in skin and its color is dark blue. Cheong-Dae has effects of insecticide and removal of fever. Cheong-Dae that had been used in Peninsula of Egypt seems to have been carried into China through Silk Route. And by trial to make Cheong-Dae it is proved that its ingredient is plant.