• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of masticatory ability on frailty in the elderly. General characteristics, subjective and objective masticatory ability, and frailty level were investigated in 224 elderly. The major findings were as; There were differences in masticating ability according to age, education level, employment status, living arrangement, and maxillary & mandibular dentures. The masticatory ability of the non-frail elderly was significantly higher than the frail elderly. The risk ratio of frailty was 2.33 times higher in subjects with poor mastication compared to subjects with good mastication ability. Also, as a result of adjusting for age, the risk ratio of frailty in the poor group was 2.30 times higher than in the group with good mastication ability. Through this, it is thought that the masticatory ability of the elderly is one of the predictors of frailty, and efforts to achieve healthy aging by preventing senescence through oral health management at the community level are thought to be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.572-589
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• 2009

To grasp the migration characteristics of the Busan metropolitan area(BMA), this study analyzed the change of population and households, and the migration at the intra-regional and inter-regional scales. The major findings of the study are as follows: First, the ratio of population and households of the BMA to the whole country has continuously decreased, especially those 25 to 39 years of age greatly decreased. Second, the ratio of intra-regional migration is relatively high, and the ratio of inter-regional migration is relatively low in the BMA compared to the Seoul metropolitan area. Thus, Busan seems to be less integrated with the urban fringe. Third, the out-migration towards the Seoul metropolitan area from Busan has increased, so that Seoul metropolitan area becomes to have more considerable influence upon the population decrease in Busan.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.3785-3795
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• 2024

The present study concerned with the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (²³⁸U, ²³⁴U, ²³⁰Th, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and, ²³⁵U) in ten sedimentary rock samples collected from fault zone, Gabal Um Hamd, southwestern Sinai, Egypt. These samples were investigated to study their behavior during a part of geologic time. The activity concentrations were measured using γ-ray spectrometry (HPGe detector). The investigated samples were analyzed for major oxides using the XRF technique. The results demonstrated high average activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³⁴U, ²³⁰Th, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and, ²³⁵U than the worldwide average values as reported by UNSCEAR 2008. Theil diagram showed that there are accumulation and leaching of uranium in some samples in the two sides of the fault zone. It is noticed that the ages of uranium depositions for the samples collected from the downthrown of the fault zone vary from 121.5 to 440.1 ky, while for the sample collected from the upthrown of the fault is 210.9 ky. The ²³⁰Th/²³²Th activity ratios range between 4.55 and 91.04 for downthrown samples and between 4.75 and 6.05 for upthrown samples which are smaller than 20 except for two samples, indicating a contamination of the samples by detrital ²³⁰Th. After subtraction of the detrital ²³⁰Th, the corrected ages for downthrown samples vary from 119.1 to 231.7 ky while for upthrown samples vary from 164.4 to 390 ky.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the role of each party in relation to the contract farming of cabbage which is taking place under the contract between the local trader of agricultural produce that supplies raw cabbage to company "D," a manufacturer of kimchi, and the cabbage farm where the cabbage is grown, and to describe the changes brought by the contract farming to the agriculture of the contract area. As a result of the study, it was discovered that, while the farming of cabbage in the contract area used to be led by farmers, it is now increasingly being controlled by the local traders of agricultural produce. First, as the key player in the decision-making related to the cabbage farming in the main cabbage producing areas, local traders of agricultural produce are replacing the role of farmers by supervising the entire production process and controlling the overall cabbage farming in the contract area. Second, in the main cabbage producing areas, local traders of agricultural produce are becoming a key farming entity by carrying out functions that are comparable to those of farmers and playing a major role in the second half of the agricultural work at the farms in the contract area. This can be considered as the result of the balance between the demands of the local traders of agricultural produce who need to secure contract volume and manage the quality of their produce and the demands of the farmers in key cabbage producing areas who are facing difficulties due to the increase in the number of elderly farmers and a shortage of manpower.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 1987

Forestry as with all land matters, under the Constitution, is a State matter. Thus the States, numbering 14, have considerable autonomy in decisions on forestry and related matters. However, the Federal Government, having jurisdiction over such issues as defence, education and research, endeavours to coordinate, standardise and advise the States on matters where the States have jurisdiction. However, forestry being a major revenue earner, is jealously guarded by the States. Under such circumstances and recognising the interdependencies of impacts of decisions at the State level, the institutional organisations play an important role in coordinating state activities to ensure that the benefits to the country as a whole are not sacrificed in favour of interests of individual state. Various legislative mechanisms have been established to ensure this coordinated effort. A National Forestry Council forms the apex of national political coordination. The Federal Forestry Department is responsible for coordination of developmental activities at the State level, which are implemented be the State Forestry Departments within Peninsular Malaysia. Research is carried out centrally by the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia(FRIM), a statutory body formed in 1985 from a research division of the Forestry Department. The Stares of Sabah and Sarawak have their own Forestry Departments, independent of the Federal Department, and each with its own research unit independent of FRIM. Tertiary education in forestry is the sole responsibility of the Agricultural University at Serdang with a campus for Diploma level training in Sarawak. In the developmental area in the State of Sabah, institutions have been formed to focus on specific areas of activities. The Sabah Foundation is responsible for the long term development of the State forests with a concession of about one million ha. Sabah Forest Development Authority(SAFODA) was formed to carry out reforestation of denuded areas. Sabah Forest Industries Ltd.(SFI) is responsible for the country's only integrated pulp and paper industry with its own afforestation program to support its resource supply. In Peninsular Malaysia various states have established State Corporations to manage large "sustained yield" concessions. While wildlife and state parks are managed by the respective forestry departments in Sabah and Sarawak, it is the responsibility of a separate department in Peninsula Malaysia called the Department of Wildlife and National Parks(under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment). Timber trade legislation and promotion in the Peninsular is the responsibility of the Malaysian Timber Industries Board(MTIB) for Peninsular Malaysia and the Sarawak Timber Industries Development Corporation(STIDC) in Sarawak. In the area of NGOs ; the Institute of Foresters Malaysia, is the professional body of forestry in the country. A Malaysian Forestry Society caters for the public participation and interest. Other environmentally related NGOs such as the Malayan Nature Society, the Environmental Protection Society, World Wildlife Fund, Friends of the Earth and the Consumers Associations also involve themselves in specific forestry activities. A number of timber trade associations are also formed by the private sector to assist the industries.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental factors having a influence on the preference of residential district and to furnish basic information for the successful settlement. For the purpose, residential preference and values on the residential district were estimated according to the housing life cycle. Data were collected through questionnaires designed for this study, and the objects of this research were university students. To analyze the data were used spsswin program. The major results were as follows. 1. According to the housing life cycle, there were significant differences in the preference of the residential district, living area and housing type in the future. Metropolitan and seoul, residential area and commercial area, apartment, office-hotel and row house were preferred in the housing formative. In the stable period, seoul and metropolitan, tower apartment, residential area were preferred. But in the housing reductive period, they preferred a green zone in the rural, the detached house. 2. The degree of consideration of living convenience facilities was high in the housing formative period. Both education-leisure, business facilities and marketing facilities were highly valuated in the housing stable period. But the value of welfare facilities was high in the housing reductive period. 3. The 4 dimensions of values in environmental conditions were extracted through factor analysis. They were natural, human, social, and economic factors. According to the housing life cycle, there were significant differences in factors being considered as the environmental conditions. The values of human and economic factors were high in the housing formative and stable period. Natural factor were highly considered in the housing reductive period.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2006

This study is on the kindergarten uniforms in Changwon, south Gyeongsang province. The first part of this research is on whether or not students should wear uniforms and how often they should wear uniforms. The research also deals with what types of uniforms are required, how much they should cost and their size. Fifty one preschools including kindergarten and nursery were targeted for this research. The second part of the research is on the discrepancy of the labeled size and the actual size of the child. The results of the first part are as follows: A total of 46 out of 51 places adopted uniforms for their children. Sports wear style is the most popular for spring, fall and summer uniforms. For wearing frequency of kindergarten uniforms, 26 (61%) places allowed the students to wear uniforms for special events such as picnics or observation trips 17(34%) places had the students wear their uniforms on a daily basis and 2 3 times only wearing a week.'rho preschool children interviewed for this study were from 2 to 5 in lull age. However, sizes with high frequency rates were 9 to 11 and the supplied sizes of uniforms were from 5 to 17. The results of the second part are as follows: The bust girth and the shoulder width of upper garments of uniforms are bigger than children's physical size, while clothes length and sleeve length are relatively shorter. Also the bust girth of upper garments of uniforms differs in the size depending on each preschool. The waist girth and the total length of lower garments of uniforms are made smaller than children's physical sizes, while hip girth is relatively larger. In the case of lower garments, the rest parts of cloth length are smaller than upper garments of uniforms. Also, the waist girth and hip width of uniforms are smaller than those of lower garments In summer garments, while thigh width is similar in both cases. The waist width is made too small. Described in the above excluding the waist width, the rest parts are relatively larger than children's physical sizes, but shorter in the length. Due to the length, children at age 7 may wear uniforms in the level of 17. Since summer uniforms touch the students' bare skin, the rest parts excluding clothes length are shorter than these of the spring and fall uniforms. In the case of clothes length, it seems to be due to different designs. The waist width of lower garments in all the uniforms tested in this study is too small for children, requiring them to be made in a larger size.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.250-261
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• 2001

Alternative therapy for rheumatoid arthritis has become worldwide phenomenon this decade without scientific validation. This study was undertaken to explore the prevalence, patterns of use, and perceived efficacy of alternative therapies by patients attending a rheumatology clinic. We conducted a crossectional survey of 142 RA patients with structured questionnaire at outpatient rheumatic clinic from July to August in 2001. Results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. 85.9% of subjects were woman. Mean age was 49.97years, duration of rheumatoid arthritis was 5.6years. Mean pain score was 5.29cm. 2. 74.6% of subjects perceived rheumatoid arthritis as a controllable disease. 31% of patients combined medical treatments with alternative therapies. 58.5% of patients perceived that combining medical treatments with alternative therapies is the most effective strategy in controlling disease. 3. 77.5% had used more than one alternative therapy since the diagnosis was made. The major reason of discontinuation of use was no effect for the treatment of their disease. 4. 34.5% were currently using an alternative therapies and 50.9% were going to use alternative therapies in future. 5. 42.7% reported that alternative therapies was effective and only 3.6% reported side effects. 6. The perceived effect score was 3.14cm in general expecially the physiological score 2.91cm, psychological score 4.16cm. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a high use of alternative therapies by rheumatoid arthritis patients. And the perceived effect score of physiological aspect was not higher than one of psychological aspect. Therefore it should be considered in education program for the use of alternative therapies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.664-677
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the development of educational material in Korean for patient3 being discharge after open heart surgery. The subjects were 45 adult patients who were seen in the out -patient department of the thoracic surgery unit of P University hospital between February 1993 and May 1993. The data were collected through a chart review and interview. Nursing needs, and the patients status related to diet, activity, medication, physical and psychoemotional limitations were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. Mitral valve replacement was the most frequent type of surgery(91.2%). In most cases, a mechanical valve was used (91.0%) . The duration of admission after the operation was two to four weeks for most of the patients(48.9%). The follow-up period was between one and two years for 28.9% of the patients and below 6 years for all of the patients. 2. Many Patients didn’t know the importance of a low salt diet(57.8%), and did not get any education on low salt diet (66.7%). Gimchi was included as one of the most commonly ingested foods (77.8%). All of the patients indicated nursing needs related to education about low salt diets and further they indicated a major interest in foods that are harmful (57.7%) or foods that are safe(51.1% ). 3. Most patients did not recognize the need for limitations on physical activity(84.4%). Further, 31.1％ of them could not return to work at the time of the study. All patients had nursing needs related to physical activity, with the most frequent questions being about the permissble degree of activity and special cautions dictated by their illness (60.0%). 4. Many patients were ignorant of the necessity of medication(55.6%) . Forty percent of the patients were taking additional drugs, usually herb drugs. The time and duration of medication and the side effects of drugs were common concerns (57.7%) related to nursing. needs about medication and were mentioned by all of the patients. 5. All of the patients complained of physical discomfort including the following : memory disturbance(62.2%), weight gain(60.0%), chest tightness (55.6%), hair loss(51.1%), sleep disturbance(46.7%) and other symptoms in that order of frequency. Nursing needs related to physical condition were a concern for all of them. The viability and function of the replaced valve(53.3%) and weight gain(60.0%) were mal or concerns. 6. Looking at their psychoemotional condition it was found that 36 patients(80.0%) were emotionally unstable. The causes were physical discomfort(17 patients), insufficient knowlege of open heart surgery(6 patients), fear of death(6 patients), familial over protection(2 patients ) and lack of support (5 patients).

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.254-268
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• 2020

This study examined the awareness, satisfaction, and usage patterns of 257 elementary school teachers for food labeling in Busan. The survey was conducted from April 15 to June 20, 2020, by questionnaires. The perception degree of food labeling was higher in female teachers than in male teachers and did not differ significantly among age groups. The score of the understanding degree was highest in their 20s and lowest in their 30s. The degree demand in their 50s was higher than in their 30s and 40s. The reliability degree in their 20s was higher than that of those in their 40s and 50s. The verification degree and satisfaction degree did not differ significantly with age or gender. The primary reason to check food labeling was 'to confirm harmful additives (31.9%)'. Among those in their 20s and 30s, the major reason for reviewing nutrition labeling was 'nutrient', while it was 'health improvement' was most important in those in their 40s and 50s. Of the subjects, 31.1% reported that the reason for the difficulty in understanding the label was 'various forms and the small letters'. The demand for the content was highest in trans fats. Apporximately 32.3% of the teachers were educated for food labeling; 42.4% of them taught food labeling, and 62.7% of them recognized the necessity of food labeling teaching. A correlation was observed between the demand for food labeling and understanding (r=0.586). Therefore, preparing education programs for teachers according to gender and age group and developing food additives-related programs will be necessary for strengthening the teachers' ability to manage their dietary life and educate students.