• Architectural research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-56
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• 2012

The high rate of urban crime is a main issue that needs to be dealt with in this high-tech society. With the rapid increase of urban crime, research has mainly focused on topics either on a global or a local scale, such as cities or communities and houses or buildings, without reliable observational data. This study makes the best use of the nationwide surveys carried out by Korean government agencies for the analysis of urban crime patterns and factors in major Korean cities. The aims of this research are threefold: understanding the relationship between urban crime patterns and socio-economic differences in cities, determining the effect of residence types on the urban crime patterns; and uncovering potential influential factors of a crime victim's individual characteristics. The statistical methods used for the analysis of social statistical data are as follows: simple regression, logistic regression, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test. This research found that the patterns of urban crime rate in cities have a certain tendency toward the cities' socio-economic and geographical differences. The residence type is an influential factor showing a close relation to the crime rate. Personal issues, such as the types of occupation, education, marriage, etc., are directly relevant to victims of crime.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1045-1055
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• 2017

Tensile strength is considered key properties for characterizing rock material in engineering project. It is determined by direct and indirect methods. Point load test is a useful testing method to estimate the tensile strengths of rocks. In this paper, the effects of rock shape on the point load index of gypsum are investigated by PFC2D simulation. For PFC simulating, initially calibration of PFC was performed with respect to the Brazilian experimental data to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical models response. In second step, nineteen models with different shape were prepared and tested under point load test. According to the obtained results, as the size of the models increases, the point load strength index increases. It is also found that the shape of particles has no major effect on its tensile strength. Our findings show that the dominant failure pattern for numerical models is breaking the model into two pieces. Also a criterion was rendered numerically for determination of tensile strength of gypsum. The proposed criteria were cross checked with the results of experimental point load test.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.705-713
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• 2007

The influence of food habits on nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements of elementary school students was studied from November 2005 to July 2006. 160 elementary school students in the Gyeongnam area were individually interviewed to obtain 24-hour dietary recalls of two seasons (winter and summer). During each period, three interviews were done for 3 nonconsecutive days including two weekdays and one weekend day. The food habits were estimated by questionnaire. The food habit score was $21.5{\pm}2.7$ out of a maximum of 30. The nutrient intake of children was low in calcium and vitamin A. Except for that, most other nutrients were overconsumed. The nutrient intakes consumed in winter were significantly higher than those of summer. Comparing the anthropometric measurements between the summer and the winter periods, height was significantly higher in the summer than in the winter. However, body fat ratio was significantly higher in the winter than in the summer. There was a significant positive correlation between the scores of food habits and the vitamins and minerals intakes of the summer period. However, the relationship was much weaker between the food habits and those consumed in winter. In addition, the scores of food habits were significantly negatively correlated with most of the anthropometric measurements of both periods. In conclusion, the students' food habits may reflect the intakes of vitamins and minerals of only the previous few months, however they reflect the BMI of children for a period of more than 6 months.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

The study examined the socio-economic factors influencing the participation of rural farming households in barter trade in Ondo State, Nigeria. The objectives were to compare the socio-economic characteristics of the participants and non-participants in barter trade, analyze the preference for barter trade and identify the constraints to it. Also, the factors affecting respondents' participation in barter trade were identified. Empirical results indicated that there were significant differences in the socio-economic characteristics of the participants and non-participants in barter trade. The SWOT analysis showed that possession of agrarian attributes by the locality where the trade is practiced was the strongest factor ensuring the survival of barter in the study area. Double coincidence of wants was found to be the most prevailing weakness associated with barter while the major reason for participation by some households was that the quantity of commodities received is usually higher compared with cash transactions. Transportation cost to barter markets was found to be the greatest threat to the continued existence of barter trade in the area. The results of the Probit model showed that age, household size, transportation cost to cash markets, farm size, distance to barter markets, and formal education significantly affected the probability participating in barter trade.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the perceptions of and willingness for marriage among people in their 20s and 30s. The data came from the Korean General Social Survey of the Survey Research Center at Sungkyunkwan University. The sample data set included 292 men and women aged 20 to 39. The major findings are as follows. First, gender, satisfaction with one's household economic conditions, and significantly affect the individuals' perceptions of marriage. The results show that the men's education level, value of family succession, value of gender roles, and value of parents' role are the significant factors that affect their perceptions of marriage. In the case of the women's perceptions of marriage, the significant factors are their household economic conditions, value of family succession, value of gender roles, and value of childbirth. Second, the willingness for marriage among unmarried people is decided by age, education level, whether one has an income or not, satisfaction with one's household economic conditions, and value of one's childbirth. Overall, gender is the most significant factor that affects the perceptions of marriage among all the other variables. However, men's and women's values of gender roles and family succession, respectively, both significantly affect their perceptions of marriage but show opposite coefficient directions. Another finding shows that unmarried people who are willing to marry tend not to have children. This implies that they do not perceive the decision on having a child as a necessary factor behind marriage decisions.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2024

In the electronics industry, a lot of research and development is being conducted on electronic component supply, component alignment and insertion, and automation of soldering on the back side of the PCB for automatic PCB assembly. Additionally, as the use of electronic components increases in the automotive component field, there is a growing need to automate the alignment and insertion of components with leads such as transistors, coils, and fuses on PCB. In response to these demands, the types of PCB and parts used have been more various, and as this industrial trend, the quantity and placement of automation equipment that supplies, aligns, inserts, and solders components has become important in PCB manufacturing plants. It is also necessary to reduce the pre-setting time before using each automation equipment. In this study, we propose a method in which a vision system recognizes the type of component and simultaneously corrects alignment errors during the process of aligning and inserting various types of electronic components. The proposed method is effective in manufacturing various types of PCBs by minimizing the amount of automatic equipment inserted after alignment with the component supply device and omitting the preset process depending on the type of component supplied. Also the advantage of the proposed method is that the structure of the existing automatic insertion machine can be easily modified and utilized without major changes.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of consumer preferences and awareness on interest in organic vegetables. Factors observed in this study were information, consumer preferences, consumer awareness, and consumer buying interest toward organic vegetables. This research uses descriptive quantitative method. The data sampling technique uses accidental sampling method. The data was collected from respondents consisted of 100 consumers of five major retailers in the city of Bogor in Indonesia. The respondents consist of 80 female (80%), and 57 respondents are 25-34 years old (57%). In terms of education, type of job and monthly income of respondent, the sample can be categorized as middle-class segment. The data obtained were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicate that the information obtained by consumers significantly and positively affects consumer preferences and consumer awareness of organic vegetables. Then, consumer preferences and consumer awareness significantly and positively affect the interest of consumers to buy organic vegetables. Consumer preference for organic vegetables is still considered quite low. The factors that influence the low consumer preference are the price of organic vegetables, which is more expensive than non-organic vegetables and the unattractive packaging of organic vegetables.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of environmental awareness and environmental worldviews on environmental UCCs which made by 27 pre-service biology teachers, and relationship between environmental awareness and environmental worldviews of them. Environmental worldviews were divided into planetary management worldview, stewardship worldview and environmental wisdom worldview. As for theme fo environmental UCCs, most of pre-service teachers chose themes such as environmental destruction, environmental protection, environmental conservation and coexistence with human and environment. Themes of environmental UCCs were somewhat different between females and males. Female pre-service teachers preferred UCC themes related to human's daily life as a consumer but males preferred to environmental protection. Many pre-service teachers referred that major cause of environmental problem was development of environment. Most of them had envionmental wisdom worldview, and tried to use fear appeal to express ways of solving of environmental problems and envieonmnetal worldviews. After making environmental UCCs, more pre-service teachers had envionmental wisdom worldview. This result implies that it is necessary to develop pre-service educational programs realted to environmental worldview formation.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2022

The figures listed under the title of 'Photo Insert' in 『HanBangEuiYakGye』 No.2 are all those who were engaged in East Asian medicine, but they can be divided into several groups depending on the areas in which they were more focused. First, he served as a royal physician at the end of the Joseon Dynasty, or was an oriental medical doctor with outstanding medical skills during the family service. Second, he is an East Asian medicine doctor who established a school for Korean medicine education or conducted various academic activities. Third, he is an East Asian medical doctor who worked hard to lead a group of East Asian medical doctors by organizing Korean medical doctors. Looking at the reality of the oppression of ethnic medicine committed by the Japanese colonial government, they continued to seek a way to live in national medicine, which played a major role in continuing the existence of Korean medicine without destroying it. In this paper, we analyzed the 13 Korean medical doctors introduced in the "Photo Insertion" and examined the activities of modern and contemporary East Asian medical doctors.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1129-1143
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to investigate the major determinants influencing on health promoting behaviors(HPB) of the elderly living in Seoul. The conceptual framework of the study was Pender's health promoting model and the ecological perspectives. The study was conducted with 495 elderly persons whom 60 years old. For the analysis of data, descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression were used for the statistical analysis with SPSS program. The results were as following: 1) The mean score of the HPB was 3.11(SD=0.41). 2) Hierarchical regression analysis found that ModelIV accounted for 55.7% of the variance in HPB. 3) The Major determinants on HPB among the elderly persons were prior related perceived benefits of action, social support, perceived self-efficacy, community environment, perceived health status, education, and age. In conclusions, first, we should develop to various levels of educational and supportive programs for the HPB among the elderly persons. Second, we should examine more with environment, the accessibility to senior welfare agencies. Third, we should be organized the self-help groups for the elderly persons to improve health promoting behaviors. Fourth, the government should established more secure environment for the HPB, and find better solutions that are provided by various social welfare agencies connected with the coordination of the services in the local communities. Finally, we should develop professional education training programs of the HPB for the practitioners in the field of Gerontological Social Work.