• 제목/요약/키워드: main-stream

검색결과 1,059건 처리시간 0.039초

주 유동의 난류특성이 원통 표면에서의 열전달에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 수치 해석적 고찰 - (The Effect of Main Stream Turbulence on the Heat Transfer Around a Cylinder Surface)

  • 박정훈;최영기;유홍선
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.186-196
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    • 1991
  • Numerical analysis has been performed to investigate the effects of the turbulence intensity and Prandtl number on the local heat transfer around a circular cylinder in crossflow. The governing equations were reformulated in a non-orthogonal coordinate system with Cartesian velocity components and discretised by the finite volume method with a non-staggered variable arrangement. For laminar flow, the calculations were performed for the Reynolds numbers 26 and 200. The results showed good agreement with the experimental results. For turbulent flow of the Reynolds number $1{\times}10^5$ and $2{\times}10^6$, the results showed that with an increase in the turbulent intensity in the main stream, the local Nusselt number increases in the front region of the circular cylinder. But the effect of turbulent intensity on the local Nusselt number diminishes in the wake region. The influence of Prandtl numbers show similar trend to that of turbulent intensity.

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노인보건의료 관리모형 (A. Model for the Elderly Health Care Management)

  • 이선자
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 1994
  • The article reviewed the elderly health care management problems in policy development issue of the nation. Policy of Korean government on elderly health care has still not yet developed. The main stream of policy which is effective on elderly welfare policy is 'Elderly care are responsible by their families'. Now only those aged whose family members are not able to take care of their parents are receive custodial care at the non-profit nursing homes. This article examined the main stream policy in pro and cons aspects in relation to social changes such as: demographic changes. family structure changes. attitude changes. health care delivery system. and political settlement view points in connection with medical insurance program. Finally. a model for the elderly health care management was proposed which will provide chronic care services at the community level. such as nursing homes. day care centers. day hospitals, respite care units, and special care institute for dementia.

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오존 용해효율 향상을 위한 미세기포 특성 연구 (A Study on the Microbubble Characteristics of Ozone to Improve Dissolution Efficiency)

  • 김진훈;박종호
    • 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 2009
  • Ozone is a strong oxidant and a powerful disinfectant. In general, it has been used in drinking water treatment during last 100years. Ozone dissolution features are defined by the two categories of ozone contactors, bubble-diffuser and sidestream ozone contactor. Currently, sidestream-injection systems are gaining in popularity but operating cost might be slightly higher. Sidestream ozone system dissolve ozone into a sidestream flow via an injection setup or in the main process flow stream in some sidestream arrangements. The sidestream flow is subsequently mixed with the main process flow stream, which is directed to a reation tank or pipeline for oxidation and disinfection reactions. The purpose of this study is to suggest optimal operating pressure, to figure out the static-mixer effect and to understand the microbubble characteristics of ozone to improve dissolution efficiency.

중소하천유역의 임계지속시간 결정에 관한 연구 (Study on the Critical Storm Duration Decision of the Rivers Basin)

  • 안승섭;이효정;정도준
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제16권11호
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    • pp.1301-1312
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    • 2007
  • The objective of this study is to propose a critical storm duration forecasting model on storm runoff in small river basin. The critical storm duration data of 582 sub-basin which introduced disaster impact assessment report on the National Emergency Management Agency during the period from 2004 to 2007 were collected, analyzed and studied. The stepwise multiple regression method are used to establish critical storm duration forecasting models(Linear and exponential type). The results of multiple regression analysis discriminated the linear type more than exponential type. The results of multiple linear regression analysis between the critical storm duration and 5 basin characteristics parameters such as basin area, main stream length, average slope of main stream, shape factor and CN showed more than 0.75 of correlation in terms of the multi correlation coefficient.

대전광역시 생태하천 조성을 위한 기초연구 (Primary Study for Ecologic Stream Development in Daejeon)

  • 이범희
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.467-471
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    • 2006
  • 전국적으로 생태하천에 대한 관심이 높아져가고 있는 현실에서 대전광역시에서도 3대 하천에 대한 생태하천 조성계획의 1단계로서 대전천 유지용수 확보 계획이 실행 중에 있다. 다양한 용수 공급원에 대한 평가를 통해 유등천과 대청댐의 물을 이용하여 대전천의 유지용수를 공급하고자하는 계획을 추진하고 있는데, 이 계획 중 중심요소로 등장한 유지용수의 산정과 수질 목표치에 대한 검토를 위하여 HEC-RAS와 QUAL2EU를 적용하였다. 유지용수의 산정은 수심 $10{\sim}30cm$ 이상의 유지와 수질 2등급(BOD 기준 3.0 ppm 이하)를 목표로 제시되었는데, 모형을 통해 확인된 바에 의하면, 기 수립된 유지용수 확보 계획에 대하여 수위확보는 목표치에 도달할 수 있으나 계절의 변화에 따른 공급 용수의 수질변화로 인하여 목표수질의 확보에 어려움이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 단순히 용수 공급만을 통한 수질관리보다는 비점오염원의 제거 등 유역관리 계획의 병행이 필요함을 제시하였다.

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마산만의 하수기인 유기물 fecal sterol의 분포 (Distribution of sewage-derived organic matter using fecal sterol in Masan Bay, Korea)

  • 최민규;문효방;김상수;이윤
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.481-490
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    • 2005
  • Surface sediments and seawater were sampled at Masan and Haengam Bays of Korea, to evaluate contamination by sewage-derived organic matter using fecal sterols, Six stream-water samples into Masan and Haengam Bays were also sampled. Total concentrations of eight sterols (coprostanol, epichloestanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol and $\beta-sitosterol$) were in the range of $1,274\~4,768{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the stream-water, $292\~2,244{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the seawater and $4.5\~27.2{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in the sediments. Although sterol compositions in sediments, seawater and stream-water were different, cholesterol was the predominant sterol in all samples. The proportion and concentration of coprostanol, a sewage tracer, in stream-water was much higher than those in sediment and seawater. The sterol levels including coprostanol in the sediments and seawater were higher at inner basin than at the outer bay. Some molecular indices and multivariate statistical analysis were used to assess the origin of these sterols and sewage contamination in the study area. The sterol composition patterns in stream-water were mainly associated with contamination by sewage-derived organic matters and those of seawater were associated with the activities of marine-originated organisms. Sterol levels in the sediments were both from the sewage input through stream-water and the marine- originated organisms. This survey suggests that the main source/route of sewage-derived organic matters in Masan Bay is the input of stream-water into the bay.

송천유역의 수질환경특성 및 효율적 유역관리 (Water Environment Characteristics and Efficient Basin Management of Song Stream)

  • 허인량;신용건;이건호;최지용;김영진;정의호;정명선
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.51-59
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    • 2001
  • Song stream is located in the upstream of the Namhan River. Normal times, the stream flows down to the east sea through the drainage pipe but at rainy season, it flows to the Namhan River. There are large stock farm, leisure town and cultivated land in this basin. The pollutants from these contamination source cause eutrophication at lake Doam and deterioration of water quality in namdai stream. In this case, this study was carried out to evaluate water quality and environmental capacity as well as economical efficiency of each industry. The basin shape factor of subject stream was 0.315, slope is higher than usual basin. The BOD, T-N and T-P productive contamination loading from each contamination source was 2,690, 974 and 194 kg/day, respectively, and major contamination source was stock farm and cultivated land. Annual BOD, T-N, T-P distribution(median value) of Song stream showed 1.0~2.2 mg/L, 3.16~5.85 mg/L and 0.024~0.197 mg/L Doam lake showed 1.1~1.9, 2.51~3.89 and 0.042~0.114 mg/L, respectively. Being compared of water quality at main stream between past and present, it showed that the water quality has improved since last five years. BOD improvement rate was 8~50%. Run off loading of BOD, T-N, T-P was 366, 1129, 17.2 kg/day, and run off rate was 13.6%, 86.2%, 11.3% respectively. Finally, the result of productivity survey of each industry, leisure town, cultivated land and large stock farm was 118, 46, 50 billion won, per T-P 1kg productive, and productivity portion was 100, 39, 42% respectively, and the highest economical efficiency industry was leisure facilities.

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하천유지용수와 지천 유입에 따른 도시하천 양재천의 수리화학적 변화 연구 (Hydrochemical Effects of Tributaries and Discharged Waters in the Yangjae Stream Flowing Peri-urban Area)

  • 김연태;정의진;박종훈;우남칠
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.678-687
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to understand the unique and complicated feature of urban stream receiving various inflows. The Yangjae stream, the second tier of the Han River, runs through the southern parts of Seoul, Korea and its middle part flows on the boundary of Seoul where land use is actively changing. Stream flow was greatly influenced by rainfall. Other than rainfall events, effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) comprised 51 % of stream flux. As a result, majority ions water chemistry was changed at the receiving zone of the discharged effluent (Zone A). Its contribution increased to 69.9 % at the second sampling period with low stream flow. In the middle zone, inflows from the northern area, recently developed to a residential district showed low $NO_3-N$ and high $HCO_3$, Ca, $SO_4$, and $SiO_2$ indicating the effects of groundwater and concrete. One inflow (T-8), with extremely high Na and Cl, median $SiO_2$, was assessed to have anthropogenic influence, however its contribution to main stream was under 1 %. Road construction near Y-13 also affected water chemistry leading to the highest Na and Cl concentration. These hydro chemical changes can be critically used to evaluate the changes in water budget and fate of chemicals in a peri-urban watershed occasioned by human activities on the Yangjae.

GIS 기반 우도비를 이용한 호남지역 암괴류와 애추지형의 분포 특성 분석 (The Distribution Characteristics Analysis of Block Stream and Talus Landform by Using GIS-based Likelihood Ratio in the Honam Region)

  • 장동호;김찬수
    • 한국지형학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2018
  • The main objective of this paper is to classify properties of the locational environment for each debris type by calculating likelihood ratio based on the correlation between the distributions for each type of debris landform. A total of 8 thematic maps, like as elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), soil drainage, geology, and landcover including with GIS spatial information generally used in this type of debris landform analysis. The results of this study showed that the block stream had a high likelihood ratio compared to talus in areas with relatively high elevation; and concerning slope, the block stream had a high likelihood ratio in a relatively low region than talus. Concerning aspect, a clear correlation could not be analyzed for each debristype, and concerning curvature, the block stream displayed a developed slope on the more concave valley than the talus. Analysis concerning TWI, the block stream displayed a higher likelihood ratio in wider sections than talus, and concerning soil drainage, the talus and block stream both displayed a high likelihood ratio in regions with well-drained soil. The talus displayed a high likelihood ratio in the order of metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and granite, while the block stream displayed a high likelihood ratio in the order of volcanic rocks, granite, and sedimentary rocks. In addition, concerning landcover, the likelihood ratio had the most concentrated distributed compared to natural bare land only concerning talus. Based on the likelihood ratio result, it can be used as basic data for extracting the possible areas of distribution for each debris type through the GIS spatial integration method.