• Title/Summary/Keyword: maillard browning reaction

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Monitoring of Maillard Reaction Characteristics under Various Roasting Conditions of Polygonatum odoratum Root (둥굴레 근경의 가열조건에 따른 갈변반응 특성의 모니터링)

  • 박난영;정용진;이기동;권중호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.647-654
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    • 2000
  • Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for monitoring the changes in browning reaction and organoleptic quality of roasted Polygonatum roots under various of roasting conditions. Total free sugar decreased up to 13$0^{\circ}C$, but increased above 13 $0^{\circ}C$. The amounts of total free amino acids decreased in proportional to the roasting temperature and time. Theronine, glycine and serine decreased by about 91~94% under the roasting conditions. Browning color intensity of water extracts increased with the roasting time up to around 18 min, but decreased over 18 min. The optimum conditions based on overall palatability of the roasted Polygonatum roots were 13$0^{\circ}C$ and 15 to 25 min. Organoleptic qualities of the roasted samples showed higher correlations with the changes in free amino acids.

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Changes in Chemical Components of Cocoa Beans during Microwave Roasting (마이크로웨이브 Roasting 중 Cocoa Bean의 이화학적 성분 변화)

  • Kim, Suk-Shin;Lee, Joo-Hee;Chang, Kyu-Seob
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.814-821
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    • 2000
  • The physicochemical properties of microwave-roasted cocoa beans such as color, degree of browning, pH, titrable acidity, organic acid, and sugar content were determined and compared with those of conventionally-roasted beans. Microwave roasting temperatures were 110, 120, 130, 140 and $150^{\circ}C$. Roasting times were 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min. Conventional roasting was done at $120^{\circ}C$ and 15 min as a reference. The pH had no relations with roasting temperature or roasting time. As roasting time and roasting temperature were increased, the titrable acidity values of roasted cocoa beans became higher than those of raw bean. But there were no differences among each condition. Color, degree of browning, and sugar content changed as roasting temperature and roasting time increased. The organic acid content of roasted beans increased but the degree of increase was different from organic acid to organic acid. Roasting by microwaves resulted in higher inner temperature of samples than the surface temperature. To increase roasting efficiency, the other heat sources should be used together with microwave.

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Non-Enzymatic Browning Reactions in Dried Alaska Pollak Stored at Different Water Activities (마른명태 저장중(貯藏中)의 수분활성(水分活性)과 갈변반응(褐變反應))

  • Kim, Mu-Nam;Choi, Ho-Yeon;Lee, Kang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.41-47
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    • 1973
  • In the present work, the quality stability of sun-dried Alaska pollack, Theragra chalcogramma, was discussed in the aspects of non-enzymatic discoloration as a function of relative humidity during storage at room temperature$(20^{\circ}C)$. Frozen Alaska pollack was dressed, filleted, dried for 48 hours in the open air, and finally stored in cylindrical acrylic chambers which contained saturated specific salt solutions proposed by Rockland(1960) for humidity control. The color development of the product was analyzed by spectrophotometry at 10 day-intervals during the storage. Lipid oxidation was measured as TBA value at wavelength of 538nm. And browning pigments were extracted, divided into two fractions and measured at 460nm: one was chloroform-methanol (2:1 v/v)soluble fraction attributed to lipid oxidation, and the other was water dialyzed fraction caused by so called Maillard reaction. The TBA value showed a maximum on 30 day storage, hereafter, intended to decrease gradually. On the other hand, the rate of brown pigment development in water dialyzed fractions as well as in chloroform-methanol soluble fractions was lower at 34 to 45%RH than at any other case, and propagation of lipid oxidation was also diminished at the same levels of humidity. From the facts described previously, it is recognized that storage at 34 to 45%RH provides higher quality stability for sun-dried Alaska pollack.

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Antioxidative Characteristics of Soybean Sauce in Lipid Oxidation Process (양조간장의 항산화작용 및 항산화성 물질에 관한 연구)

  • Moon, Gap-Soon;Cheigh, Hong-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.537-542
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    • 1987
  • Antioxidative characteristics and it's related substances of fermented soybean sauce in lipid oxidation process were studied. Soybean sauce was prepared according to various periods of fermentation, and model systems were made of cooked ground meat with soybean sauce of various levels of combination (1/10,2/10,3/10,4/10,5/10 in system) and various fermentation periods (0,2,4.6 months). During the storage for 5 weeks at $6^{\circ}C$, antioxidative activities of soybean sauce in the systems were increased with the increase of concentration and fermentation period of soybean sauce. And also in the comparison of the antioxidative effect on the compositions of total phenol content, Maillard browning reaction products and free amino acids in the soybean sauces of the various fermentation periods, the browning products were considered as the major antioxidative substances in soybean sauce.

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Antioxidant Activity of Various Solvent Extracts Obtained from A Maillard-type Browning Reaction Mixture (각종용매(各種溶媒)로부터 추출(抽出)한 Maillard형(型) 갈색화반응(褐色化反應) 생성물(生成物)의 산화억제작용(酸化抑制作用))

  • Won, Jong-Tai;Kim, Dong-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.235-241
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    • 1980
  • Equal portions of a Maillard-type browning mixture (0.2 M glucose+0.2 M glycine), heated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 12 hr, were extracted with the same amounts of eight solvents, respectively. The extracts were then dissolved in equal amounts of an edible soybean oil, and the resulting substrates and a portion of the soybean oil (Control) were stored in an incubator kept at $45.0{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ for three weeks. Peroxide values and TBA values of Control and the substrates were determined regularly during the storage period. The POVs of Control and the substrates containing acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, diethyl ether, methanol, methylene chloride, and petroleum ether extracts after 12 days of storage were respectively $60.0{\pm}3.6$, $31.9{\pm}0.9$, $37.6{\pm}2.2$, $48.1{\pm}1.1$, $11.9{\pm}1.3$, $4.85{\pm}0.4$, $11.5{\pm}1.0$, $45.3{\pm}0.3$, and $43.3{\pm}4.2\;m.\;mole/kg\;oil$. The TBA values after 16 days of storage were respectively $0.28{\pm}0.02$, $0.20{\pm}0.01$, $0.21{\pm}0.01$, $0.26{\pm}0.03$, $0.16{\pm}0.02$, $0.28{\pm}0.02$, $0.17{\pm}0.01$, $0.33{\pm}0.05$, and $0.31{\pm}0.02$. The induction periods (arbitrarily taken as the time in hours for a substrate to reach a peroxide value of 30 m. mole/kg oil) of Control and the substrates were respectively 193, 280, 252, 220, 478, 229, 455, 217, and 214 hr. The antioxidant activity of each extract estimated on the basis of the length of the induction periods was, in decreasing order, as follows; ethanol>methanol>acetone>benzene>diethyl ether>chloroform, pertroleum ether, methylene chloride.

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Effect of puffing treatment on the quality characteristics of bee pollen and its addition to wheat flour-puff yeot-gangjeong (팽화처리가 화분 및 이를 첨가한 밀엿강정의 품질특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jiyea;Surh, Jeonghee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.54 no.3
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    • pp.306-312
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    • 2022
  • To test bee pollen as an ingredient for heat-processed foods, bee pollen was puffed under heat at various pressures and examined for its physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities. As the puffing intensity increased, the browning index, total reducing capacity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the bee pollen increased significantly (p<0.001). This was attributed to the formation of Maillard reaction products during the puffing process. The wheat flour-puff yeot-gangjeong added with puffed bee pollen showed significantly (p<0.01) higher antioxidant activities than its counterpart with raw bee pollen. In addition, the gangjeong retained the physicochemical characteristics of the puffed bee pollen such as color, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH. The results showed that the puffed bee pollen could potentially be used as an ingredient in thermally processed foods and retain its superior antioxidant properties.

Studies on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Sesame with Roasting Temperature (볶음과정에서의 참깨의 물리화학적 특성변화)

  • Kim, Hyeon-Wee;Jeong, So-Young;Woo, Sun-Ja
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.1137-1143
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    • 1999
  • The change of physicochemical characteristics of sesame with roasting temperature$(110^{\circ}C{\sim}230^{\circ}C)$ were investigated to get a useful index which needs to manufacture roasted sesame and sesame oils, In the physicochemical properties of roasted sesame, the contents of moisture, specific volume, oil yields and sesame cakes were changed significantly above $170^{\circ}C$. Fat and protein in sesame cakes were changed slightly. Desirable roasting temperature was $220^{\circ}C$ in considering oil yields and sensory qualities. Total amino acids such as arginine, serine, threonine, lysine. cystine, tyrosine and most of the free amino acids, and sucrose of free sugars were reduced significantly above $170^{\circ}C$ and $190^{\circ}C$. respectively. These reductions of sugar and amino compounds were assumed to play an important role in Maillard reaction for the formation of browning pigment, taste and aroma. It was confirmed that this reaction was pyrolytic degradation which took place in water-deficient and oil-rich system at relatively high temperature.

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Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of High-Sugar Fermented Pinus koraiensis Cone Extract (잣송이 추출물의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성)

  • Jang, Ki-Hyo;Surh, Jeonghee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.140-145
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    • 2017
  • Pinus koraiensis cone (PKC) extract was prepared by mixing PKC with sugar at a weight ratio of 1:1 and then removing PKC after incubating the mixture at room temperature for 100 days. The resulting PKC extract was examined for its physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities using Prunus mume fruit extract, which is similar to PKC extract in terms of preparation procedure and product usage, as a control. PKC extract consisted mainly of moisture (21.76%) and sugar (70.03%), leading to high viscosity. PKC extract was apparently yellowish, and therefore its browning index and color intensity were appreciably lower than the control (P=0.0000), indicating that Maillard reaction was not facilitated during fermentation. Compared with the control, PKC extract was not appreciably different in terms of total flavonoid content, whereas its organic acid content and total reducing capacity were significantly lower. Nevertheless, its metal-chelating activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity were comparable to those of the control. In addition, SOD-like activity of PKC extract was 2-fold higher than that of 6.6 mM quercetin, which had a higher total flavonoid content than PKC extract. This indicates that PKC extract contains certain flavonoids with higher antioxidant activities than quercetin. The results show that PKC extract provides antioxidant activity as well as characteristically different sensory properties due to its higher sugar and lower organic acid contents compared with Prunus mume fruit extract.

Quality Characteristics of Castella with Chungkukjang (청국장을 첨가한 카스테라의 품질 특성)

  • Lee Kyong-Ae
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.22 no.2 s.92
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    • pp.244-249
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    • 2006
  • Castella sponge cake was prepared by partially replacing wheat flour with Chungkukjang, a Korean fermented soybean. The physico-chemical, textural and sensory characteristics were then investigated. Specific volume and expansion ratio decreased with increasing Chungkukjang content. The addition of Chungkukjang decreased the moisture content and increased the protein content of castella. Color determination showed addition of Chungkukjang darkened the internal color of castella, probably due to browning caused by the Maillard reaction. Castella with 20 or 30% Chungkukjang had a higher textural hardness than other castellas. A sensory panel perceived that the external and internal color of castella darkened with Chungkukjang substitution. When Chungkukjang was added at or above 20%, castella had a weaker sweet flavor, a stronger roasted flavor, and less lightness and softness than other castellas as perceived by the sensory panels. Up to 30% of the wheat flour could be replaced by Chungkukjang without diminishing acceptability.

A combination of postmortem ageing and sous vide cooking following by blowtorching and oven roasting for improving the eating quality and acceptance of low quality grade Hanwoo striploin

  • Jwa, Seung-Hoon;Kim, Yong-An;Hoa, Van-Ba;Hwang, In-Ho
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.33 no.8
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    • pp.1339-1351
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    • 2020
  • Objective: It is well recognized that beef cuts from a low quality grade are usually associated with tougher, drier and less flavorful. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the combined effects of postmortem ageing and sous vide (SV) cooking followed by oven roasting or blowtorching on the eating quality of low quality grade Hanwoo beef striploins. Methods: Hanwoo beef striploins (quality grade 3) obtained from 36 month-old Hanwoo steers were used, and the samples were chiller aged for 0 and 14 d at 4℃. After ageing, the samples were prepared into 2.5-cm steaks which were then SV cooked at 55℃ for 5 h and then raised to 60℃ for 1 h, and thereafter the SV-cooked the steaks were further roasted in oven for 20 min (SV+OV) or blowtorched (SV+TC) for 2 min. The cooked samples were analyzed for microbiological quality, browning index, Wanrner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), aroma flavor compounds and sensory properties. Results: The SV cooking significantly reduced the WBSF values in beef samples (p<0.05). Blowtorching after SV cooking led to a browner surface of the beef steaks (p<0.05). The samples treated with SV+OV or SV+TC exhibited higher levels of Maillard reaction-derived aroma flavor compounds such as; pyrazines and sulfur-containing compounds compared to those just SV cooked. More especially, the SV+OV- or SV+TC- treated samples presented significantly higher flavor and overall acceptability scores compared to those just SV cooked (p<0.05). Ageing beef for 14 d significantly improved the tenderness by reducing the WBSF and increasing the tenderness scores. Conclusion: Thus, the combination of postmortem ageing and SV cooking followed by additional treatments (blowtorching or oven roasting) could be used to improve the eating quality especially tenderness and flavor as well as overall acceptability of low grade Hanwoo beef.