• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to seek the direction of community health nursing practice education focus on the nursing education accreditation criteria. Methods: We collected data through e-mail survey to all of 202 Korean nursing baccalaureate education institute in April, 2016. The 93 professors teaching community health nursing was responded about their affiliated institute (response rate 46.0%). Results: The Korean nursing graduates in Feb. 2016 was practiced 3.01 credits, 131.6 hours in community health nursing course. Community health nursing practice agency was public health center (98.9%), Public health center post (43.0%), Public health center branch (32.3%) in order. The possibility to achieve the course objectives up to national examination was recognised Public health center (3.4), Public health center post (3.3), Public health center branch and school (3.2) from 5 score likert scale. A lot of nursing education institute have difficulty in clinical placement in community health nursing practice agency that meet eligibility of preceptor and space gaining for only nursing students. Conclusion: The nursing education accreditation criteria in 3rd cycle have to be considered real community health nursing practice situation and newly emerging community health nursing fields.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 1997

This study was conducted to the cognition and attitude for internal and external organizational behavior of health centers staff. An analytical model employed in this study was developed by modifying 'organizational behavior model'. Data was collected a mail survey of officers at health center, including 66 directors and 1,768 staffs of the health centers in southern region. The major findings are as follows : Among directors of the health centers 47% of them stated that legislators and chief executive officer(CEO) of local governments are highly concerned about the public health program. However only 15.2% of health center directors reported that legislators and CEO put public health high priority. For leadership type of directors 39.0% of them was classified as controller, 30.3% as participant, 22.7% entertaining and 7.6% comprehending. Regarding sociopsychological characteristics of the health center staffs, about a quarter of them had high degree of group cohesion, while 10.7% had low degree. Those staffs who are older, high educational level, or working in the rural health centers showed higher degree of cohesion than those who are young, low educational level, or working in urban health center. A third of them were less likely to be satisfied by what they are doing at the health centers. The higher educational level, the likely to be satisfied by what they are doing at the health centers. The higher educational level, the more satisfied with their job. Considering these results, policy implication was discussed and suggested. It is suggested that educational efforts be made to improve leadership of the health center directors and concern with public health program by the CEOs and legislators of local governments.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.585-592
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• 2014

This study is to develop a standard tool for pattern identifications in Korean Medicine for Lung Cancer. The advisor committee for this study was organized by 12 Korean Medicine professors from the Korean Association of Traditional Oncology. The item and structure of instrument were based on review of published literature. We took the consultation twice from the advisor committee and additional advices by e-mail correspondences. We divided the symptoms and signs of lung cancer into 6 pattern identifications. - lung spleen both deficiency (肺脾兩虛), lung kidney both deficiency (肺腎兩虛), dampness phlegm obstructing the lung (濕痰蘊肺), qi stagnation blood stasis (氣滯血瘀), yin deficiency toxin heat (陰虛毒熱), and heat toxin accumulation (熱毒蘊結). We obtained the mean weights which reflected the standard deviations from each symptoms of the 6 pattern identifications which were scored on a 5-point scale by 12 experts. We designed the Korean medicine pattern identification tool for lung cancer. It was composed of 57 questions in the question-and-answer format. Though there are some limits that this study is not proved about validity and reliability, the instrument is meaningful and expected to be applied to the subsequent research.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.83-105
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• 2007

The present study investigated counseling services and work conditions perceived by counselors in Healthy Family Support Centers. Questionnaire survey by mail was used to collect data from 32 counselors in Healthy Family Support Centers. Major findings of this study were as follows. First, many counselors in Healthy Family Support Centers perceived work load of counseling services heavily though they thought counseling work attractive and they would keep on working. Second, many counselors had a positive view of work conditions as a workplace but not a few of them complained about physical work conditions including poor facilities like lack of counseling room space in Centers. In addition to this, many suggestions were proposed to improve the counseling services and work conditions perceived by counselors in Healthy Family Support Centers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.125-134
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to survey and report on the international programs for Chinese Medicine in China. Methods: Online research was conducted based on a survey of official websites of 25 universities of Chinese medicine. In certain situations, we used e-mail or phone calls to get more detailed information. Results: Among 25 universities of Chinese medicine, 22 operate international programs for Chinese medicine. The main contents of the programs are acupuncture, moxibustion, tuina, Chinese materia medica, cosmetology or qigong, and an average 400 foreign students finish each program yearly. China has maintained the lead in international education of traditional Oriental medicine, and has already established a systematic and remarkable infrastructure for globalization of Chinese medicine. Conclusions: This study can inform the development of strategy in the process of raising the competitiveness of Korean medicine in the world market.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.308-315
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• 2005

Purpose: This descriptive study was conducted to examine the status of the health examination in child care centers. Method: The participants in this study were 631 child care centers. A self report questionnaire on health examination which has been examined for content validity, was distributed by mail to 2,000 child care centers using randomized sampling. Result: Of the sample, $76.2\%$ child care centers had done health examination for children. Height & weight, urinalysis, dental check, anemia test and visual acuity were the most frequently performed items. The rate for maintaining a health record was highest in the national/public child care centers. Child care centers more closely related to community health centers, showed higher rates of health examination. Conclusion: Health care personnel and financial aids should be provided for child care centers to enhance the level of health management of children.

• KLA journal
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• v.38 no.5 s.306
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• pp.50-55
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• 1997

제63차 IFLA 총회가 1997년 8월 31일부터 9월 5일까지 덴마크의 코펜하겐에 있는 Bella Center에서 열렸다. 이번 총회에는 세계 각국에서 2,500여명이 참석하여 성황을 이루었다. 한국에서는 도서관협회의 사공 철 회장님을 비롯하여 33명이 참석하였다. A팀과 B팀으로 나뉘어 구성된 한국참가자들은 대회 참석을 전후하여 프랑스 파리, 독일의 프랑크푸르트와 하이델베르그, 영국의 런던 등을 거쳐 세계를 배우는 기회를 가졌다. 필자는 A팀에 소속되었지만 프랑스 파리를 돌아보는 여정에는 합류하지 못하였고 코펜하겐 공항에서 합류하였다. 사실 필자는 금년 4월 중순경까지도 총회에 참석하겠다는 계획이 전혀 없었다. 왜냐하면 총회의 개최 시기가 2학기 시작 후이기 때문에 참석하는 것에 무리가 따르리라는 생각이 있었기 때문이다. 그러나 참으로 사람 사는 일은 알 수가 없는 것인지 어느 봄날에 핀란드와 오스트레일리아에서 날아든 e-mail 때문에 코펜하겐까지 가게 되었고 급기야는 이렇게 탐방기를 쓰게 되었다. 대회의 규모가 워낙 크기 때문에 장님 코끼리 만지는 식의 이야기가 될지도 모르지만 코펜하겐에서의 나의 경험에 바탕을 두어 일기식으로 적어나감으로서 독자들로 하여금 조금이나마 총회와 코펜하겐을 짐작할 수 있게 하고싶다.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.42-60
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• 2013

This article introduces the infrastructure of public opinion research in Japan by reviewing the development of polling organizations and the current situation of social surveys. In Japan, the polling infrastructure developed through the direction and encouragement of the U.S. occupation authorities. In the early 1969s, however, survey researchers began to conduct their own original polls in not only domestic but also cross-national contexts. An exploration of recent survey trends reveals that polling organizations tended to conduct more surveys during summer, in the mid-range of sample size (1,000-2,999), based on random sampling (response rates of 40-50%), and through the mail between April 2011 and March 2012. The media was the most active polling sector.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2003

The rainfall observation systems have largely been improved in Japan. The Japan Meteorological Agency, prefecture governments, and other administrative bodies have also increased the number of rain gauges thru out the country. The density of observatories is now one per several $\km^2$. Heavy rainfall information systems have been improved. Besides it, the Internet was popularized in the late 1990s, and has been used to transmit data of heavy rainfall. Internet accessible cellular phones have been popular in Japan since 1999. Such phones are expected to be useful in the field of disaster warning announcements, because they can automatically notify users bye-mail of pending disasters. The use of the Internet during natural disasters is groundbreaking in Japan today. However, in order to use disaster information effectively on Internet it is necessary to investigate how to use the information during the rainfall disaster. Therefore in our study we suggest methods on the effective construction and their use of information technology on Internet.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.679-682
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• 2008

A lactic acid bacterium producing an antimicrobial substance against Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from raw milk and identified as Lactobacillus amylovorus ME-1. In addition to E. coli O157 :H7, the antimicrobial substance also inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyrogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica. The antimicrobial substance was stable at pH 2-12 and $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min and insensitive to proteinase K, protease, amylase, and catalase. Purification of the antimicrobial substance was conducted through methanol and acetonitrile/ethylacetate extraction, ultrafiltration with a 500 Da cutoff, thin layer chromatography (TLC) with silicagel 60, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a $C_{18}$ reverse phase column. The ${\lambda}_{max}$ of the purified antimicrobial substance was determined as 192 nm by ultra violet (UV) scanning, while the molecular weight was estimated as 453 Da based on the mass spectrum. Accordingly, the current results suggest that the antimicrobial substance from the L. amylovorus ME-1 was not a bacteriocin, but rather a new non-proteinaceous substance distinct from acidophilin, acidolin, diacetyl, and reuterin.