• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

The Magnetic Force Control MFC technology is very useful because of its physical treatment process. Especially the Magnetic Separation MS technology is expected to contribute to SDGs 2030, Circular Economy and Carbon neutral 2050 realization. This paper describes the review of the IFMFC activity from 2010.The IFMFC is organized by three local committees of researchers in Japan, China and Korea. The IFMFC aims to exchange the information of the development results using the MFC technology and to educate the young researchers. The forum has been held in every year around three countries. In 2020 and 2021, the forum was organized by Zoom online due to the COVID-19. The 134 presentations were made up to 2020.The breakdown of these presentations are categorized to the environment remediation52%, material resource37% and fundamental research/technology11%. The Super Conducting Magnet SCM development promotes the MFC technologies. There are some impressive backgrounds as to the brilliant SM technology applications for many different magnetism ; SCM development, High Gradient Magnetic Separation HGMS, magnetic seeding method and magneto-Archimedes effect. This paper reviews the IFMFC activity according to those presented presentations.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1994

This study is to investigate the stress distributions, crystal orientations and magnetic properties during die-upsetting according to working temperature of Nd-Fe-B-Cu alloys. The stress distributions in the specimens during compressing process were calculated by a finite element method program(SPID). The calculated stresses were effective stress (${\sigma}_{eff}$), compression stress(${\sigma}_z$), radial direction stress(${\sigma}_r$) rotational direction stress(${\sigma}_e$) and shear stress(${\tau}_{rz}$). The stress distributions of ${\sigma}_z$, obtained by a computer simulation showed that the stress components causing the magnetic alignment during die-upsetting of the cast magnets were very high at the center-part of a specimen, and decreased toward the periphery-part of a specimen. In view of the above results the magnetic properties should be better at the center-part of a specimen than any other parts. But the measured magnetic properties were better at the mid-part. These results should be due to the fact that the specimens were casted. Normally the magnetic properties are affected by the casting process as well as by the stress levels. ${\sigma}_r$, ${\sigma}_e$ are thought to affect the liquid phase flowing and domain patterns, respectively. The influence of ${\tau}_{rz}$ was trivial, ${\sigma}_{eff}$ distributed similar throughout the specimen. The Nd-rich phase appeared at the peripheral of the specimen where the stress level of ${\sigma}_r$, ${\sigma}_z$, was low or the stress level of ${\sigma}_e$ was high. The Nd-rich phase was squeezed out during die-upsetting. This phase had an effect on the crystal orientation and grain growth. The stress distributions of alloy were irregular at the parts of the specimen where the die contacted with specimen.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.249-254
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• 1998

자기측정법에 의한 조사손상 평가 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 SA508 CI.3강 모재금속의 중성자 조사 및 열처리 온도에 따른 자기특성(자기이력곡선, Barkhausen Noise(BN) 진폭, BN 에너지)과 경도 변화를 측정 비교하였다. 중성자 조사에 따라 자화율, BN 진폭, BN 에너지는 감소하였고 보자력과 경도는 증가하였으며, 포화자화 값은 변화하지 않았다. 열처리된 조사시편의 경우, 열처리 온도 증가에 따라 BN 에너지는 증가하였으며, 경도는 감소하였다. 결함과 전위혹은 자벽 이동과의 상호작용에 의한 경도 및 자기특성의 일관성 있는 변화는 원자로 압력용기 재료의 조사손상 평가와 관련 자기적 측정법 응용 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.538-545
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• 2019

본 연구는 노년기 지연성 근육통증에 대해 가우스 자기장 영역별 적용을 통해 체열 변화와 통증척도를 분석하고자 하였다. 이에 노년기 여성 15명(연령;$69.47{\pm}1.60$)을 대상으로 선정하여 반복측정을 통한 실험에 임하였다. 가우스 자기장 영역을 3범위(1000G, 1500G, 2000G) 영역으로 나누어 임의 제작한 자기장 손목밴드 적용하여 착용전과 후에 나타나는 체열변화와 통증 결과를 SPSS 19.0을 이용하여 정리하였다. 치료 영역별 전-후 차이검증을 위해서 종속 t검증(Paired t-test)과 집단 간 차이와 상호작용 효과 차이검증을 위해 two-way ANOVA을 실시하였고 사후검증(Duncan)을 통해 분석하였다. 유의 수준은 ${\alpha}=.05$로 설정 하였다. 이상의 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 가우스 자기장 영역별 전-후 체열 변화는 세 집단 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<.05). 집단 간 상호 작용의 결과에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<.05). 지연성 근육 통증척도에서도 시기 간-집단 간 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다. 가장 큰 차이를 보인 영역은 1500G 영역에서 나타났다. 1000G - 1500G 가우스 영역이 체열과 근육통증 변화에 가장 이상적인 자기장 영역이라 판단된다. 결론적으로 가우스 자기장 1000G-1500G영역이 노년기 신체 체열과 근육통증에 영향을 줄 수 있으며 노년기 인간 삶의 질에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다. 추후 연구에서는 가우스 자기장 효과를 인체 세포의 생리학적 측면에서의 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2008

The application of magnetic ion exchange resin($MIEX^{(R)}$) is effective for natural organic matter(NOM) removal and for control of the formation of disinfection byproducts(DBPs). NOM removal is also enhanced by adding $MIEX^{(R)}$ with coagulant such as polyaluminium chloride(PACl) in conventional drinking water treatment systems. In the application of $MIEX^{(R)}$, it is important to understand changes of NOM characteristics such as hydrophobicity and molecular weight distributions with $MIEX^{(R)}$ or $MIEX^{(R)}$+coagulant treatment.To observe characteristics of NOM by treatment with $MIEX^{(R)}$ or $MIEX^{(R)}$+coagulant, four major drinking water sources were employed. Results showed that the addition of $MIEX^{(R)}$ to coagulation significantly reduced the amount of coagulant required for the optimum removal of dissolved organic matter(DOC) and turbidity in the all four waters. The DOC removal was also increased approximately 20%, compared to coagulant treatment alone. The process with $MIEX^{(R)}$ and coagulant showed that complementary removal of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fraction of DOC. The combined processes preferentially removed the fractions of intermediate (3,000-10,000 Da) and low (< 500 Da) molecular weight. The microfiltration test showed that membrane cake resistance was decreased for waters with flocs from $MIEX^{(R)}$+coagulant. A porous layer was formed to $MIEX^{(R)}$ on the membrane surface and the layer consequently inhibited settling of coagulant flocs, which could act on a foulant.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2009

Objectives : To analyze the therapeutic outcomes of back pain modalities in patients with disc herniation according to the change of Magnetic Resonanse Imaging(MRI) whom were treated with herbal medicine, chuna, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture. Methods : Clinical outcomes of 35 patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation by MRI examination, treated conservatively, were analyzed according to MRI follow-up change. Patients underwent MRI examaintion at baseline and after 24th week of treatment. Patients are divided into three groups ; improved, unchanged, worsened. 35 patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated with chuna therapy, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture once a week and took herbal medicine after a meal two times daily. The patients' clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12th week, 24th week by Visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI). Results : 1. MRI follow-up exams on regression of disc herniation resulted on 42.86% of cases by conservative treatment. 2. VAS(low back pain and sciatica) and ODI of disability of daily activities showed significant decrease in "improved" and "unchanged" groups compared to "worsened" group(P<0.05). 3. VAS(low back pain and sciatica) and ODI change after treatment did not show any relationship with MRI follow-up change(P<0.05). Conclusions : This study suggests that "improved" and "unchanged" groups compared to "worsened" group on MRI follow-up in patients with lumbar disc herniation were more effective when treated with herbal medicine, chuna therapy, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture. MRI follow-up change does not affect clinical changes in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2011

Objectives : To analyze the therapeutic outcomes of back pain modalities in patients with disc herniation according to the change of magnetic imaging(MRI) at one year after conservative treatment. Methods : Clinical outcomes of 35 patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation by MRI examination, treated conservatively, were analyzed according to MRI follow-up change; improved, unchanged, worsened. Patients underwent MRI examination at baseline and after 24 week of treatment. After 1 year, we followed up 30 patients. The patients' clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, 24 week, 1 year by visual analogue scale(VAS), oswestry disability index (ODI), and analyzed by each of it's correlation. Results : 1. VAS of sciatica and ODI of disability of daily activities showed significant decrease in patients after 1 year follow up(p<0.05). 2. VAS(low back pain and sciatica) and ODI of disability of daily activities showed significant decrease in "improved" group and VAS(sciatica) and ODI showed significant decrease in "unchanged" group. "worsened" group showed no statistic significance(p<0.05). 3. The 1 year follow-up of VAS(low back pain and sciatica) and ODI change showed relationship with MRI follow-up change(p<0.05). Conclusions : This study suggests that "improved" groups compared to "unchanged" and "worsened" group on MRI follow-up in patients with lumbar disc herniation were more effective at 1 year after conservative treatment. MRI follow-up change affect clinical changes in patients with lumbar disc herniation after 1 year.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2013

노후화된 터널에서 배수공의 막힘현상은 중요한 문제점으로 대두되며, 장기적으로는 배수시스템에 폐색현상을 일으킨다. 배수시스템에서의 침전물 방지를 위한 요소기술 검증을 위해 본 연구에서는 도로터널의 토사층 및 라이닝을 모사하여 배수공의 유출수에서의 침전현상을 살펴보았다. 또한 기존의 배수공들은 대부분$5^{\circ}$ 이하로 설치되었기 때문에 배수공의 기울기를 변화시켜가며 시험하였다. 배수공의 기울기를 $2^{\circ}$로 한 경우에는 퀀텀스틱은 스케일의 생성을 방지하는 데 효과가 있었으나 자화장치는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 배수공의 기울기를 $5^{\circ}$로 한 경우에는 퀀텀스틱과 자화장치 모두 배수공내 스케일의 생성을 방지하는 데 효과가 있었으나, 특히 퀀텀스틱이 자화장치보다 더욱 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.788-797
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• 2018

Objective To investigate the effect of upper limb rehabilitation combining robot with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on unilateral spatial neglect in stroke patients. Methods Patients who had hemispatial neglect after right hemisphere stroke were randomly divided into rTMS only group, robot only group, and combined group. All groups received conventional neglect therapy and additional treatment for each group. rTMS group received rTMS therapy. Robot group received robot therapy, while combined group received both therapies. The effect of therapy was assessed with Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3), line bisection test, star cancellation test, Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). These measurements were evaluated before and after treatment. Results For each group, 10 patients were recruited. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or initial values among the three groups. Two weeks after the therapy, all groups showed significant improvement in MVPT-3, line bisection test, star cancellation test, CBS, MMSE, and K-MBI. However, changes in measurements showed no significant differences among groups. Conclusion Treatment effect of the combined therapy of robotic therapy and low-frequency rTMS therapy for hemispatial neglect was not statistically different from that of each single treatment. Results of this study did not prove the superiority of any of the three treatments. Further study with large number of patients is needed to evaluate the superiority of these treatments.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2023

In general, when scrap is dissolved in an electric arc furnace, the amount of electric furnace steel dust (EAFD) generated is about 1.5% of the scrap charge amount, and the electric furnace steel dust collected by the bag filter is charged into the Rotary Kiln or Rotary Hearth Furnace (RHF), and the zinc component is recovered as crude zinc oxide, at which time a clinker of Fe-Base is generated. In this research, first, for the efficient resource conversion of electric furnace steel dust, a reduction and roasting experiment was conducted and the reaction kinetics was examined. As a result of the experiment, it was observed that the reduction and roasting reaction was actively conducted in the range of 1100~1150℃, and melting occurred in the range of 1250℃. In the past, this clinker was widely used as a roadbed material for road construction and an Fe-Source for cement production, but in recent years, it has been mainly reclaimed due to strengthening environmental standards. However, landfill treatment is by no means a desirable treatment method due to environmental pollution caused by leachate, expensive landfill costs, and waste of Fe resources. Therefore, in order to more actively recycle the Fe component in the clinker, first of all the clinker was pulverized into an optimal particle size, and anthracite and binder (starch) were added to the magnetic material obtained by specific gravity and magnetic separation for briquet. As a experimental results, it was possible to efficiently separate clinker as Fe component and other slag component by specific gravity and magnetic force. As a results of loading and dissolving the manufactured briquet clinker in an electric arc furnace, it was observed that the unit of power and production yield were clearly improved and the carbon addition effect in molten metal was also somewhat.