• 생약학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1986

To find antitumor components in the shake-cultured mycelia of Volvariella bombycina, the mycelia were extracted with hot water. After the extract was dialyzed and freeze-dried, a protein-polysaccharide fraction was obtained and examined for antitumor activity against the solid form of sarcoma 180 in ICR mice. It showed 60.3% inhibition ratio at a dose of 20mg/kg/day for 10 days. It was found to consist of a polysaccharide moiety and a protein moiety. After gel filtration on Sepharose 4B, Fraction B was obtained and showed the highest inhibition ratio of 71.1%. When the antitumor component was examined for immunopotentiating activity, it was found to increase the macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity as well as the antibody production of the spleen cells of the mice.

• 생약학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.61-73
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• 1984

To investigate antitumor component of Lyophyllum decastes, the aqueous extract of its shake-cultured mycelia was subjected to antitumor test against sarcoma 180 cells implanted in ICR mice. The extract showed an inhibition ratio of 65.4% and was found to consist of a polysaccharide moiety and a protein moiety. After purification with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography, Fraction D showed the highest inhibition ratio of 75.7%. The antitumor constituent was examined for immunoaccelerating activity and was found to increase macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity and plaque forming cells of the spleen cells. It was named lyophyllan after the genus name.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.428-438
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• 2014

Objectives: Obesity is an important cause of insulin resistance that leads to obese type 2 diabetes. Recently it has been found that obesity is associated with adipose tissue accumulation which causes systemic inflammation. In this study, we investigated effects of Inula helenium on the inflammation in high fat diet-induced insulin resistance mouse. Methods: Insulin resistance was induced in C57BL/6 male mice (19~21 g) on a 60% fat diet. Mice were divided into 3 groups (n=6) of normal, control and Inula helenium. After 12 weeks, body weight, FBS, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum level of insulin, epididymal fat pad, liver weight and the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-10 and cluster of differentiation (CD) 68 were measured. Also, adipose tissue macrophage was analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Results: Inula helenium significantly reduces oral glucose tolerance levels, insulin serum level and adipose tissue macrophage. Also Inula helenium increased IL-10 gene expression and decreased CD68 gene expression. Conclusions: These results show that Inula helenium has anti-insulin resistance and anti-inflammatory effects on a high fat diet-induced insulin resistance mouse model.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder that's characterized by accumulation of surfactant components in the alveolar space. Idiopathic PAP is recognized as an autoimmune disease that's due to impaired alveolar macrophage function and this caused by autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We report here a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis that was deemed interstitial lung disease at the initial diagnosis. A 61-year-old man presented with intermittent blood tinged sputum and dyspnea on exertion. The man was a painter for 30 years and he had a 10 pack-years smoking history. Chest computerized tomography (CT) revealed multifocal ground-glass opacity with interstitial thickening at both lungs. His pulmonary function tests and methacholine test revealed non specific results. He was diagnosed with interstitial lung disease on the basis of the chest CT finding and occupational history. However, seven months later, his symptoms progressed. Follow-up chest CT was performed. Wedge resection via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (the anterior basal segment of the left lower lobe) was done. Microscopic examination showed large groups of alveoli with excessive amounts of surfactant and a complex mixture of protein and lipid (fat) molecules. Finally, he was diagnosed as having pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2020

We examined the anti-inflammatory effect of the peel extract of the newly bred Korean apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivar Green ball. To test its possible use as anti-inflammatory functional material, Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of Green ball apple peel ethanol extract (GBE). Notably, up to 500 ㎍/mL of GBE did not result in any signs of inhibition on cellular metabolic activity or cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Supplementation with GBE to LPS-treated Raw 264.7 macrophage significantly suppressed various pro-inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner, including i) nitric oxide (NO) production, ii) accumulation of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, iii) phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65, and iv) expression of pro-inflammatory biomarker genes, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and prostaglandin E synthase 2.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.293-306
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• 2008

주로 패혈증후군에 의해 동반되는 급성 폐손상인 급성호흡곤란증후군(ARDS)의 가장 큰 원인은 폐조직 내에 축적된 호중구라 보고 게르마늄을 ARDS 발병 전에 투여했을 때 게르마늄의 항염증 효과로 폐손상이 감소되는지, 그리고 폐손상 억제에 산화질소가 관여하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 실험군은 생리식염수를 기도로 투여한 대조군 (CON), 동량의 내독소 5시간 투여군(LPS), 그리고 게르마늄을 1시간 전처리 후 내독소 5시간 투여군(Ge+LPS)으로 나누어 실험하였다. 실험동물을 이용한 실험결과 내독소의 주입으로 유도된 급성 폐손상에서 기관지폐세척액 내 호중구의 침윤은 게르마늄을 전처리함으로써 유의하게 감소하였다. 게르마늄 전처리군의 폐조직은 내독소 처리군에 비해 정상적으로 잘 보존된 편이었고, Tunel 염색에 뚜렷한 양성반응을 보이는 호중구가 많이 관찰되어 호중구의 세포사가 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 기관지폐세척액 내 세포의 미세구조변화의 관찰에서도 게르마늄 전처리군에서는 내독소 투여군에 비해 호중구를 탐식한 폐포강 큰포식세포들이 수적으로 증가되었고, 탐식된 호중구들은 대부분 핵이 응축된 모습이었으며, DNA 분절과 세포소기관의 소실을 보이는 세포사한 호중구도 세포간질에서 발견되었다. 그러나 산화질소는 대조군을 제외한 모든 군에서 증가현상을 보였지만 내독소 투여군과는 달리 게르마늄 전처리군에서만 비만세포의 탈과립화가 적어지고, 호중구의 세포사가 증가하는 등의 산화질소 효과가 나타났다. 이는 산화질소가 분비되기 전 게르마늄의 전처리에 의해 실험동물의 체내 환경의 변화가 야기되었고, 변화 후 작용한 산화질소에 의해 항염증 효과가 나타난 것으로 판단되어, 게르마늄의 전처리에 의해 큰포식세포로부터 생성된 산화질소가 폐손상을 완화시키는 데 관여할 것이라 추측된다. 이와 같은 실험결과로 볼 때, 호중구의 폐 침윤에 의한 폐포-모세혈관 장벽의 손상으로 초래되는 급성 폐손상에서 게르마늄의 항염증 작용, 즉 호중구의 유주현상 방해, 호중구의 세포사 유도 그리고 세포사한 호중구를 탐식하도록 큰포식세포의 탐식능을 증가시키는 효과로 호중구의 수가 감소되어 폐손상이 억제되고, 게르마늄에 의해 활성화된 큰포식세포에서 분비되는 산화질소가 폐손상을 억제시키는 데 관여할 것으로 추측된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.292-296
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• 2013

Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare, benign lesion that presents in the oral cavity, skin, or genital organs as a verrucous, papillomatous, or flat papule with varying colors. VX has indistinct clinical features, making histopathological examination necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Histologically, VX is characterized by parakeratosis, rete ridges with uniform depth, and an accumulation of the foam cells, which are also known as the "xanthoma cells". These foam cells test positive for antibodies, such as CD-68 and vimentin; it is thought that VX foam cells are derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage, and that VX's pathogenic mechanism is partly related to an immune mechanism. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of VX remains unclear. VX can be treated by surgical excision; other medical, chemical, and radiological treatments are not required postoperatively. Recurrence and malignant transformation of VX are rare. Two patients, each with a mass of unknown origin on the palatal gingiva, were presented at our clinic. Excisional biopsies of the masses were performed for a histological diagnosis after clinical and radiological examinations. Histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of VX in both cases.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

Eleven polyhydroxyursane triterpenoids (PHUTs) were tested to determine their cytoprotective, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. To compare the bioactivities of $19{\alpha}$-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids {23-hydroxytormentic acid (6), its methyl ester (7), tormentic acid (8), niga-ichigoside $F_1$ (9),euscaphic acid (10) and kaji-ichigoside $F_1$ (11)} of the Rosaceae crude drugs (Rubi Fructus and Rosa rugosae Radix) with PHUTs possessing no $19{\alpha}-hydroxyl$ of Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae), the four PHUTs, asiaticoside (1), madecassoside (2), asiatic acid (3), and madecassic acid (4) were isolated from C. asiatica and 23-hydroxyursolic acid (5) from Cussonia bancoensis. Cytoprotective effects were assessed by measuring cell viabilities against cisplatin-induced cytotoxocity in $LLC-PK_1$, cells (proximal tubule, pig kidney) to determine whether these agents have protective effects against nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin. The inhibitory effect of 11 PHUTS on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ were evaluated by measuring nitrite accumulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and their anti-inflammatory effects were tested in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model. Six MHUTs (compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 11) exhibited higher cell viabilities during cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity testing even at a concentration of $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ than cisplatin only-treated group, suggesting that ese compounds have the potentcytoprotective efffcts. Compounds 1 and 3 of the C. asiatica and niga-ichigoside $F_1$ exhibited no inhibitory effect on NO and/or $PGE_2$ production whereas other PHUTs produced mild to significant NO and/or $PGE_2$ production.The four compounds (2, 5, 9, and 10) potently inhibited mouse ear edema induced by TPA whereas two compounds (1 and 3) had no activity in this test. These results suggest that many PHUTs are potentchemopreventives. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) was also discussed in each assay with regard to the significant role of OHs at the position of 2, 3, 6, 19, and 23 and to the glycoside linkage at the 28-carboxyl.