• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.454-464
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• 2001

Background: It has been recognized that systemic inflammatory reaction and oxygen free radical formed by activated leukocyte in the procedure of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) frequently produce postoperative cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of leukocyte-depleting filters in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit for patients undergoing open heart surgery(OHS). Material and method: The study involved 15 patients who underwent OHS with a Leukoguard-6 leukocyte filter placed in the arterial limbs of the bypass circuit(filter group, n=15) and 15 patients who did not have the filter(control group, n=15). We analyzed the differences between the groups in intraoperative changes of peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet counts, pre- and postbypass changes of malondialdehyde(MDA), troponin-T(TnT), 5'-nucleotidase(5'-NT) in coronary sinus blood, spontaneous recovery rate of heart beat after CPB, pre-and postoperative cardiac index(Cl) and pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR), and the amounts of postoperative bleeding and sternal wound complication. Result: During CPB, total leukocyte count of the filter group(9,567$\pm$ 842/㎣) was significantly less than that of the control group(13,573+1,167/㎣) (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference in platelet count between the groups. Postoperative levels of MDA(3.78+0.32 $\mu$mol/L vs 5.86+0.65 $\mu$mo1/L, p<0.01), TnT(0.40$\pm$0.04 ng/mL vs 0.59$\pm$0.08 ng/mL, p<0.05) and 5'-NT(3.88$\pm$0.61 U/L vs 5.80$\pm$0.90 U/L, p<0.05) were all significantly lower in the filter group than the control group. Postoperative Cl was higher in the filter group than the control group(3.26$\pm$0.18 L/$m^2$min vs 2.75$\pm$0.17 L/$m^2$/min, p=0.05). PVR of the filter group was lower than that of the control group(65.87$\pm$7.59 dyne/sec/cm$^{5}$ vs 110.80+12.22 dyne/sec/cm$^{5}$ , p<0.01). Spontaneous recovery rate of heart beat in the filter group was higher than that in the control group(12 patients vs 8 patients, p<0.05). Postoperative wound infection occurred in one case in the filter group and 4 case in the control group(p<0.05). Postoperative 24 hour blood loss of the filter group was more than that of the control group (614$\pm$107 mL vs 380+71 mL, p=0.05).

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.57-62
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• 2013

Objectives : Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) has been shown anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-rheumatoid properties. However, it is still largely unknown whether LJF inhibits skin injury against oxidative stress in human keratinocyte, HaCaT cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of LJF against hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. Methods : To evaluate out the protective effects of LJF on oxidative injury in HaCaT cells, an oxidative stress model of HaCaT cells was established under a suitable concentration (500 ${\mu}M$) hydrogen peroxide. HaCaT keratinocyte cells were pre-treated with LJF (0.1, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/ml), and then stimulated with $H_2O_2$. Then, the cells were harvested to measure the cell viability, DNA damage, and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results : LJF (0.1, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/ml) itself did not show any significant toxicity in HaCaT cells. The treatment of $H_2O_2$ caused the oxidative stress, leading to the cell death, and DNA injury. However, pretreatment with LJF reduced cell death, and DNA injury. The stimulation of $H_2O_2$ on HaCaT cells resulted in excessive release of ROS, which is the main factor of oxidative stress. The excessive release of ROS was inhibited by LJF treatment significantly. Conclusions : These results could suggest that LJF exhibited the protective effects of HaCaT cells against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting ROS release. It could be explained that LJF inhibit skin damages against oxidative stress. Thus, LJF would be useful for the development of drug or cosmetics treating skin troubles.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2011

Ultrafiltration is an emerging technology for drinking water treatment because it produces better water quality as compared with conventional treatment systems. More recently, the combination of UF technology with other processes in order to improve its performance has been observed. These associations aim to maximize the contaminants removal and reduce membrane fouling. The operational performance of contaminants removal and water production of two UF pilot plants was compared. The first plant (Guarapiranga) was fed with raw water and the second plant (ABV) with pre-treated water by the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes at Alto da Boa Vista WTP (Sao Paulo, Brazil). Both units operated continuously for approximately 2,500 hours, from September/2009 to January/2010. The results showed that the ABV UF pilot plant was able to operate at higher specific fluxes (6.2 $L.d^{-1}.m^{-2}.kPa^{-1}$ @ $25^{\circ}C$) than Guarapiranga (3.1 $L.d^{-1}.m^{-2}.kPa^{-1}$ @ $25^{\circ}C$). However, the number of chemical cleanings conducted in both pilot units during the considered operation period was the same (4 chemical cleanings for each plant), which shows that the pre-treatment reduced the membrane fouling. The water quality at ABV for all the variables analyzed was better, but the feed water quality was also better due to pretreatment. The rejection values for the different contaminants were higher at Guarapiranga mainly because of a pollution load reduction after pre-treatment at ABV. Even with the better performance of the ABV UF pilot plant, it is necessary to take into consideration the complexity of the complete treatment system, and also the costs involved in the construction and operation of a full-scale treatment unit.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2000

The slope gradient of the Korean Peninsula was analyzed by using DEM(DTED level 1). The Peninsula has high percentages of gentle slopes. But low plains and very steep slope regions are scarcely distributed in the Peninsula. Altitude lower than 150m areas are composed of plains and undulated plains. The steepest and most rugged topographies are observed in the range of altitude from 500m to 1,000m areas. The areas of altitude greater than 1,000m show plateau landscapes. By overlapping digital geology maps and the gradient grade maps, We revealed the characteristics of slope regions by geological districts. High latitude with steep slope are well developed in the geological districts of granitic gneiss(ARgr) and gneiss($PR_1$) of the Pre-Cambrian, sandstone of the Paleozoic era(P-T), and sedimentary rocks of the Mesozoic era($J_2$). Low altitude with gentle slope areas are representative in the districts of granite of the Mesozoic era($Jgr_1$), the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Mesozoic era($K_1$, $K_2$) and the Cenozoic strata(N). Basalt extruded the Quaternary($Q_1$) are observed in the areas of very gentle slope but greater than 1,000m altitude.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.3 s.110
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• pp.161-165
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• 2005

In this study, peeling test of the Altari radish on kimchi pre-processing system for mechanization was performed with the longitudinal plane peeling type with wider cutting blade than that of the peeled chip's. To determine the optimum cutter shape to match this plane peeling type, the peeling tests depending on variable cutting speed, rake angle and blade angle using the blade with thickness as 2 m and width as 50mm were performed, and the patterns of the peeled chips and peeling resistances were investigated. As the result of the tests, the rake angle of the blade with clean peeled surface of the Altari radish was over $45^{\circ}$, and the blade angle and rake angle with the minimum peeling resistance was $20^{\circ}\;and\;60^{\circ}$, respectively. The optimum peeling conditions were; the peeling speed 0.2m/s, blade angle $20^{\circ}$ and the rake angle $60^{\circ}$, and the peeling resistance of each blade was 15 N.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1993

The Cu - $Nb_3Sn$ composites wire as a superconducting material was prepared by in situ method as follow: Cu - 15wt.% Nb alloys which were melted in a high -frequency induction furnace and casted in bar were cold-worked up to the final diameter of 0.24 mm, electroplated with Sn, pre-treated in two steps and then diffused at $550{\sim}650^{\circ}C$ for 24 ~ 96 hrs. The overall $J_c$ and $T_c$ of the specimens were measured by the four point-probe method at 10 K in the magnetic field of 0 Tesla. The overall $J_c$ of the composites wire which diffused at $550^{\circ}C$ after pre-treating in two steps were generally higher than those of the wire at either $600^{\circ}C$ or $650^{\circ}C$. For the specimens diffused at $550^{\circ}C$, the overall $J_c$ were increased until 72 hrs. of diffusion time and then decreased. However, in case of diffusion at $600^{\circ}C$ and $650^{\circ}C$, the overall $J_c$ were gradually decreased from the beginning. The maximum overall $J_c$ obtained in this experiment was $1.3{\times}10^4\;A/cm^2$, which was measured for the specimen diffused at $550^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs. When the specimens were diffused at $550^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs, after pre-treating, the measured critical temperature, $T_c$ was 16.19 K. Similar $T_c$ value were obtained in other specimens regardless of diffusion time and temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.507-515
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• 1996

Background : Potassium channel opener (K-opener) opens ATP-sensitive K'-channel located at cell membrane and induces potassium efflux from cytosol, resulting in intracellular hyperpolarization. Newly synthesized K-opener is currently examined for pharmacologic potency by means of rubidium release test from smooth muscle strip pre-incubated with Rb-86. Since in-vivo behavior of thallium is similar to that of rubidium, we hypothesized that K-opener can alter T1-201 kinetics in vivo. Purpose : This study was prepared to investigate the effects of pinacidil (one of potent K-openers) on the T1-201 uptake and clearance in cultured myocyte, and in-vivo biodistribution in mice. Methods : Spontaneous contracting myocytes were prepared to imitate in-vivo condition from 20 hearts of 3-5 days old Sprague-Dawley rat and cultured for 3-5 days before use ($5{\times}10^5$ cells/ml). Pinacidil was dissolved in 10% DMSO solution at a final concentration of 100nM or l0uM and was co-incubated with T1-201 in HBSS buffer for 20-min to evaluate its effect on cellular T1-uptake, or challenged to cell preparation pre-incubated with T1-201 for washout study. Two, 40 or $100{\mu}g$ of pinacidil was injected intravenously into ICR mice at 10 min after $5{\mu}Ci$ T1-201 injection, and organ uptake and whole body retention rate were measured at different time points. Results : Co-incubation of pinacidil with T1-201 resulted in a decrease in T1-201 uptake into cultured myocyte by 1.6 to 2.5 times, depending on pinacidil concentration and activity of T1-201 used. Pinacidil enhanced T1-201 washout by 1.6-3.1 times from myocyte preparations pre-incubated with T1-201. Pinacidil treatment appears to be resulted in mild decreases in blood and liver activity in normal mice, in contrast, renal and cardiac uptake were mildly decreased in a dose dependent manner. Whole body retention ratios of T1-201 were lower at 24 hour after injection with $100{\mu}g$ of pinacidil than control. Conclusion : These results suggest that treatment with K-opener may affect the interpretation of T1-201 myocardial images, due to decreasing thallium accumulation and enhancing washout from myocardium.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.153-157
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• 2014

Purpose: SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by various autoantibody. The detection of Anti double-stranded DNA (Anti-ds DNA) is important in the diagnostics of SLE, and include the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) diagnostic criteria for SLE. Also SLE disease activity and correlativity with the level Anti-ds DNA antibody have been reported and Anti-ds DNA antibody quantitative test is very useful for tracing before and after SLE treatment. When These Anti-ds DNA antibody test (Farr assay: $^{125}I$ labeled ds-DNA and bound Anti-ds DNA antibodies complex in serum is precipitated by ammonium sulfate and used to centrifugation, measured it) inhaled supernatant after centrifugation, a lipemic specimen does not facilitate the formation of precipitate and also occurs situation was inhaled with precipitate. To solve these problems, The Influence of the degree of lipemic specimen was evaluated. Materials and Methods: September 2012 to February 2013, We selected lipemic samples (n=81) of specimen commissioned by Anti-ds DNA antibody test. Lipemic samples were done pre-treatment (high-speed centrifugation: 14,000 rpm 5 mins) used a micro-centrifuge (Eppendorf Model 5415D). At the same time lipemic specimen and pre-treatment samples were performed Anti-ds DNA antibody test (Anti-ds DNA kit, Trinity Biotech, Ireland). Statistical analysis were analyzed Pearson's correlation coefficients and regression and paired t-test, and Difference (%). Results: Experimental group 1 (Lipemic Specimen Anti-ds DNA Ab concentration ${\leq}7IU/mL$) at y=0.368X+4.732, $R^2=0.023$, Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.154, paired t-test (P=0.003), Difference (%) mean 65.7 and showed a statistically significant difference. Experimental group 2 (Lipemic Specimen Anti-ds DNA Ab concentration ${\geq}8IU/mL$) at y=0.983X+0.298, $R^2=0.994$, Pearson's correlation coefficient showed 0.997, paired t-test (P=0.181), Difference (%) mean -5.53 made no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Lipemic sample of low Anti-ds DNA Ab concentration (2.5-7 IU/mL) and the result is obtained pre-treatment (high-speed centrifugation: 14,000 rpm 5 mins) were made a significant difference statistically. Anti-ds DNA is one of the primary auto-antibodies present in patients with SLE, and remain an important diagnostic test for SLE. Therefore, we recommend preprocessing (high-speed centrifugation: 14,000 rpm 5 mins) in order to exclude the influence of lipemic specimen.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2016

This paper reports in vitro cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and adipocyte diffentiation with adipogenic effects of coumarins inophyllum D (1) and calanone (2), and a chromanone carboxylic acid namely isocordato-oblongic acid (3) isolated from Calophyllum symingtonianum as well as a biflavonoid morelloflavone (4) isolated from Garcinia prainiana on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma RAW 264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cells, respectively. The cytotoxicity study on MCF-7 cell was conducted by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Meanwhile, the study of anti-inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 macrophages and adipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were conducted through nitrite determination assay and induction of adipocyte differentiation, respectively. In the cytotoxicity study, inophyllum D (1) was the only compounds that exhibited significant cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cell with $IC_{50}$ of $84{\mu}g/mL$. Further, all by inhibiting the compounds have shown anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages of nitrite concentration with production. In addition, the compounds also exhibited adipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes by stimulating lipid formation. Thus, this study may provide significant input in discovery of the potential effects cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and adipogenic agents.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

This study was aimed to establish analytical method of Bi to develop a guideline of the bioequivalence test of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (TDB). For this purpose, a simple, specific and sensitive inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) method were developed and validated in human plasma. Various concentrations of bismuth standard solution (0-25ng/mL) were prepared with distilled water and human blank plasma. To 10mL of the volumetric flasks, 2mL of blank plasma was added with 8ml of distilled water. Bi standard solution was added to prepare the calibration samples and injected into ICP-MS. The plasma samples obtained from volunteers given 3 tablets of bismuth (total 900mg as TDB) were analyzed as described above. As a result, the coefficients of variation were <20% in quantitation limit (0.2 ng/mL) and <15% at the rest of concentrations. The stability test by repeated freezing-thawing cycles showed that the samples were stable only for 24hr. The stability tested for samples with a short-term period of storage at room temperature and pre-treatment prior to the analysis showed very stable over 24hr. In 8 healthy Korean subjects received Denol tablets at the dose of 900mg bismuth, AUC, $C_{max},\;T_{max}$ and half-life $(t_{1/2})$ were determined to be $198.33{\pm}173.78 ng{\cdot}hr/mL,\;64.48{\pm}27.06 ng/mL,\;0.52{\pm}0.21 hr,\;and\;5.15{\pm}2.67 hr$, respectively, from the plasma bismuth concentration-time curves. In conclusion, the method was suitable for the determination of bismuth in human plasma samples and could be applied to bioequivalence test of bismuth tablet.