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Recurrent Malignant Thymoma Detected by Tc-99m MIBI, Tc-99m Tetrofosmin and Tc-99m (V) DMSA Scan (Tc-99m MIBI, Tc-99m Tetrofosmin, 그리고 Tc-99m (V) DMSA 스캔에 의해 발견된 재발성 악성 흉선종)

  • Seok, Ju-Won;Kim, Seong-Jang;Kim, In-Ju;Kim, Yong-Ki
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.268-273
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    • 2001
  • Thymoma is the most common primary tumor of anterior mediastinum, accounting for 20% to 30% of all mediastinal tumors. The recurrence rate after total resection of the thymoma ranges 8% to 18%. We reported one patient of recurrent malignant thymoma imaged with Tc-99m MIBI, Tc-99m Tetrofosmin and Tc-99m (V) DMSA. Early and delayed Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m Tetrofosmin scintigraphies showed an increased uptake in the mediastinal area. Also, Tc-99m (V) DMSA scintigraphy revealed an increased uptake tn the corresponding area. Coronal SPECT images of Tc-99m MIBI, Tc-99m Tetrofosmin and Tc-99m (V) DMSA revealed increased uptake of each radiopharmaceutical in the tumor lesion corresponding to the mediastinal lesion on the chest CT. However, the normal blood pool activities of the heart and great vessels of Tc-99m (V) DMSA obscured the recurrent malignant thymoma. Although Tc-99m (V) DMSA is a useful tumor seeking agent, we recommend Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m Tetrofosmin SPECT rather than Tc-99m (V) DMSA to detect primary and recurrent malignant thymoma.

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Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for determination of compound K in human plasma and clinical application

  • Kim, Jung Soo;Kim, Yunjeong;Han, Song-Hee;Jeon, Ji-Young;Hwang, Minho;Im, Yong-Jin;Kim, Jung Hyun;Lee, Sun Young;Chae, Soo-Wan;Kim, Min-Gul
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.135-141
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    • 2013
  • A rapid, sensitive and selective analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of compound K, a major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides in human plasma. Liquid-liquid extraction was used for sample preparation and analysis, followed by liquid chromatography tandem spectrometric analysis and an electrospray-ionization interface. Compound K was analyzed on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (100×2.00 mm, 3 μm) with the mobile phase run isocratically with 10 mM ammonium acetate-methanol-acetonitrile (5:47.5:47.5, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The method was validated for accuracy (relative error <12.63%), precision (coefficient of variation <9.14%), linearity, and recovery. The assay was linear over the entire range of calibration standards i.e., a concentration range of 1 ng/mL to 1,000 ng/mL (r2 >0.9968). The recoveries of compound K after liquid-liquid extraction at 1, 2, 400, and 800 ng/mL were 106.00±0.08, 103.50±0.19, 111.45±5.21, and 89.62±34.46 for intra-day and 85.40±0.08, 94.50±0.09, 112.50±5.21, and 95.87±34.46 for inter-day, respectively. The lower limit of quantification of the analytical method of compound K was 1 ng/mL in human plasma. The developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of compound K after oral administration in ten of healthy human subjects.

Tc-99m Labeling of Dione Bisoxime Compounds (Dione Bisoxime 계통의 화합물에 대한 테크네슘표지 원리에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Jae-Min;Cho, Jung-Hyuk;Oh, Seung-Joon;Lee, Myung-Chul;Chung, Soo-Wook;Chung, June-Key;Lee, Dong-Soo;Kwark, Cheol-Eun;Lee, Kyung-Han;Koh, Chang-Soon
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.110-117
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    • 1995
  • Tc-99m Labeled hexamethylenepropyleneamineoxime ([99mTc]-HMPAO) is a famous amino-oxime compound and is widely used to construct SPECT images of cerebral blood flow. To investigate the relationship between chemical structure and radiolabeling in these kind of diamine-oxime compounds, we synthesized seven compounds by Schiff's base formation and successive reduction with sodium borohydride. They were (RR/SS )-4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (2), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,9-dimethy-lundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (4), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,10-dimethyldodecane-2,11-dione bisoxime (5), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-3,6,6,8-tetramethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (8), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-5,6-cyclohexyl-3,8-dimethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (10), (RR/SS/meso)-3,4-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl)-benzoic acid (12), and (RR/SS/ meso)-2,3-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl) benzophenone (14). Chemical structures of all the synthesized compounds were identified by taking 1H spectrum. Among them, 2 and 4 are propyleneamine oxime (PnAO), 6 is butyleneamine oxime (BnAO) and 8, 10, 12 and 14 are ethyleneamine oxime (EnAO). Each compound (0.5 mg) was incubated with stannous chloride (0.5 g - 8 g), carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (final concentration = 0.1 M, pH 7 - pH 10) and Tc-99m-pertechenate (1 ml). Tc-99m labeling of these compounds were checked by ITLC (acetone), ITLC (normal saline), reverse phase TLC (50 % acetonitrile) and ITLC (ethyl acetate). According to the results, EnAO's were not labeled by Tc-99m in any of above condition. About 11 % of maximum labeling efficiency was obtained with BnAO. However, 4 (PnAO) was labeled with Tc-99m to 85 % which is similar to the labeling efficiency of 2 (HMPAO). Hydrophilic impurity (9 % ) was the most significant problem with the labeling of 4, however, pertechnetate (3 % ) and colloid (3 %) were minor problem. In conclusion, we synthesized seven diamine blsoxlme compounds. Among them, four EnAO compounds were not labeled by Tc-99m. A BnAO was labeled poorly and two PnAO's were labeled well. These labeling can be explained by tertiary structure of their Tc-99m chelate.

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Stimulation of Osteogenic Differentiation in Stromal Cells of Giant Cell Tumour of Bone by Zoledronic Acid

  • Yang, Tao;Zheng, Xiao-Fei;Li, Mei;Lin, Xi;Yin, Qing-Shui
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.9
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    • pp.5379-5383
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    • 2013
  • Therapeutic effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) have been proven. Apoptosis induction was considered to be one of the mechanisms of ZOL tumour inhibition. In this study, we presented the possibility of an osteogenic differentiation stimulation mechanism of ZOL and further investigated dosage and time effects. We treated stromal cells of GCT (GCTSC) with ZOL for 48 hours at different concentrations (0μM, 0.01μM, 0.1μM, 1μM, 5μM, 30μM) and assessed apoptotic and osteogenic differentiation markers with immunohistochemical techniques and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Our results suggested that ZOL enhanced mRNA expression of Cbfa-1, osterix and osteocalcin genes with a maximum effect at 1μM in GCTSC. Time course experiments indicated a time dependent osteogenic differentiation effect. In conclusion, ZOL may be considered as an adjuvant in the treatment of GCT not only by inducing apoptosis but also by stimulating osteogenic differentiation of remaining tumor stromal cells after surgery.

Expression of N-Methylpurine-DNA Glycosylase Gene during Fetal Development and Adult in Mice (생쥐 태아 및 성체 조직에서의 N-Methylpurine-DNA Glycosylase 유전자의 발현)

  • Sohn, Tae-Jong;Kim, Nam-Keun;Lee, Sook-Hwan;Han, Sei-Yul;Ko, Jung-Jae;Park, Chan;Lee, Woo-Sik;Lee, Chan;Lee, Yong-Hee;Cha, Kwang-Yul
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.101-105
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    • 1999
  • N-Methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG) removes N-methylpurine and other damaged purines in DNA. RT-PCR analysis revealed MPG mRNA expression at various tissues of fetal development from day 8 to day 18 fetus and day 400 mature adult. The MPG transcripts were abundant during fetal development in mice. In placenta, the MPG mRNA was continuously decreased from day 8 post coitum (p.c) to day 18 p.c. fetus. The high level of mRNA in fetal brain and liver was drastically declined in day 400 mature adult. The expression of MPG, originally characterized by its highest level of expression in the epididymis of adult mouse, was detected with high level in several other reproductive organ, including the ovary, oviduct, testis, vas deference, uterus, and seminal vesicles. These results demonstrate developmental stage- and tissue-specific variation of MPG gene expression.

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Serum anti-M¨ullerian hormone levels as a predictor of the ovarian response and IVF outcomes

  • Choi, Min-Hye;Yoo, Ji-Hee;Kim, Hye-Ok;Cha, Sun-Hwa;Park, Chan-Woo;Yang, Kwang-Moon;Song, In-Ok;Koong, Mi-Kyoung;Kang, Inn-Soo
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 2011
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether anti-M¨ullerian hormone (AMH) levels could be predict ovarian poor/hyper response and IVF cycle outcome. Methods: Between May 2010 and January 2011, serum AMH levels were evaluated with retrospective analysis. Three hundred seventy infertile women undergoing 461 IVF cycles between the ages of 20 and 42 were studied. We defined the poor response as the number of oocytes retrieved was equal or less than 3, and the hyper response as more than 25 oocytes retrieved. Serum AMH was measured by commercial enzymelinked immunoassay. Results: The number of oocytes retrieved was more correlated with the serum AMH level (r=0.781, p <0.01) than serum FSH (r=-0.412, p <0.01). The cut-off value of serum AMH levels for poor response was 1.05 ng/mL (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves/area under the curve [AUC], ROCAUC=0.85, sensitivity 74%, specificity 87%). Hyper response cut-off value was 3.55 ng/mL ROCAUC=0.91, sensitivity 94%, specificity 81%). When the study group was divided according to the serum AMH levels (low: <1.05 ng/mL, middle: 1.05 ng/mL - 3.55 ng/mL, high: >3.55 ng/mL), the groups showed no statistical differences in mature oocyte rates (71.6% vs. 76.5% vs. 74.8%) or fertilization rates (76.9% vs. 76.6% vs. 73.8%), but showed significant differences in clinical pregnancy rates (21.7% vs. 24.1% vs. 40.8%, p=0.017). Conclusion: The serum AMH level can be used to predict the number of oocytes retrieved in patients, distinguishing poor and high responders.

Simultaneous Visualization of the Sublingual Thyroid and Lactating Breasts with Tc-99m Pertechnetate Scintigraphy (설하갑상선과 수유중 유방이 Tc-99m Pertechnetate 스캔에 동시에 관찰된 증례)

  • Seo, Ji-Hyoung;Seong, Young-Ok;Bae, Jin-Ho;Jeong, Shin-Young;Ahn, Byeong-Cheol;Lee, Jae-Tae;Lee, Kyu-Bo
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.489-490
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: The thyroglossal duct runs from the base of the tongue to the thyroid. Rarely the thyroid completely fails to migrate and results in ectopic thyroid tissue, which can be demonstrated scintigraphically. A 31-year old female patient was referred for thyroid scintigraphy due to protruding mass at the base of the tongue. She was mildly hypothyroid. Te-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan was performed to rule out ectopic thyroid gland. There showed a focal area of intense tracer uptake in sublingual area, suggesting the sublingual thyroid. In addition there noted diffusely increased tracer uptake in both breasts. The patient delivered a baby 6 months prior to the scan and was on breast-feeding. Free Tc-99m pertechnetate physiologically secrets into the salivary glands, the stomach, the gastrointestinal tract, the genitourinary tract and the mammary glands and sodium-iodide symporter plays a role in the accumulation of free Tc-99m pertechnetate. We report simultaneous visualization of lactating breasts and ectopic thyroid gland in the base of the tongue.

Metastatic Calcification Revealed by the Bone Scan at Both Lung and a Myocardium (폐와 심근에서 전이성 석회화가 발견된 골 스캔)

  • Song, Hyeon-Seok;Lee, Hyo-Yeong;Yun, Jong-Jun;Lee, Hwa-Jin;Lee, Moo-Seok;Park, Se-Yun;Jeong, Ji-Uk
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.147-148
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    • 2010
  • Introduction: A metastatic calcification is known for taking in bone scintigram medicine at metastatic calcification lesion due to abnormal distribution of the calcium and phosphorus. The one paper reports that a metastatic calcification occurs mainly at lung, stomach, kidney and myocardium. Index: The patient is seventy four years old man who is afflicted with clonic kidney disease, hypercalcemia, hypertension. Because of an ability of the multiple myeloma, we take a bone scan after intravenous injection 99mTc-DPD 25 mCi in three hours. We found out homogeneous 99mTc-DPD uptake at both lung and myocardium. Conclusions: Nothing unusual was found in other bone scan. We obtains a purity beyond 95 percent at 99mTc-DPD vial. In spite of no evidence about a myocardial infarction, the patient has a 99mTc-DPD uptake at both lung and myocardium.

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Evaluation of Therapeutic Effect with Serum Thyroglobulin and Whole Body Scan after 200mCi 131I Treatment in Patients with Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (전이성 분화 갑상선암에서 200mCi 방사성 옥소 치료효과 평가를 위한 혈청 Thyroglobulin 추적검사와 전신스캔의 의의)

  • Lee, Chang-Hee;Yoon, Jong-Kil;Jeong, Sang-Hoon;Kwu, Gyo-Seon;Choi, Chang-Woon;Lim, Sang-Moo;Hong, Sung-Woon
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.451-459
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    • 1995
  • Thirty-eight patients with metastatic well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated with 200mCi 131I were studied. There were false negative serum thyroglobulin values during TSH suppression or at anti-thyroglobulin antibody(+) and discrepancies between findings of whole body scan and serum thyroglobulin level. After one to five cycles of 200mCi 131I therapy, complete remission and partial remission were achieved at 5.3% and 57.9%, respectively. We concluded that all of serum thyroglobulin, TSH, anti-thyroglobulin antibody, 131I or 123I whole body scan were necessary in follow up of metastatic well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Also, if there was no response after repetitive 200mCi 131I therapy, higher doses of 131I therapy should be considered.

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