• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.809-823
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• 2015

This paper is devoted to presenting a MacWilliams type identity for m-spotty RT weight enumerators of byte error control codes over finite commutative Frobenius rings, which can be used to determine the error-detecting and error-correcting capabilities of a code. This provides the relation between the m-spotty RT weight enumerator of the code and that of the dual code. We conclude the paper by giving three illustrations of the results.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2001

The estrogenic potency of bisphenol A using reverse trancriptase-PCR response of liver vitellogenin mRNA in male carp was studied. For this, six combination of primers which were synthesized on the basis of cDNA consensus region of various species, were evaluated and one pair of primers was selected as the best to show 286 bp size-transcript. By using the selected primers, vitellogenin mRNA induction in carp treated with bisphenol A was measured and the chemical showed dose-and time-dependent Induction response. From this result, it was concluded that RT-PCR technique wing the selected primers in this study can be wed to monitor the estrogenic effects exerted In carp living in Korean freshwater.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2001

The estrogenic potency of di -2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) using reverse transcriptase-PCR respouse of liver vitellogenin mRNA in male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) was studied. Male frogs were injected with DEHP at dose of 300$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight through the dorsal lymph sac. After 4 days, using suitable pair of RT-PCR primers, vitellogenin mRNA induction in the liver was measured and DEHP showed vitellogenin mRNA induction in only the group treated with 300 mg/kg. Any significant histological abnormalities by the exposure of DEHP was not shown in both testis and liver.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.437-442
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• 2001

For ischemic cerebrovascular disease, it is well known that early luxury perfusion is related to a good clinical outcome and single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) has the potential for providing useful information about regional cerebral blood flow. We report one case of Rt. MCA infarction mainly treated by oriental medicine and revealed luxury perfusion without thrombolysis. In acute stage, neurological deficits of the patient were very severe. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT images obtained 10days after the attack showed large perfusion defect in the Rt. MCA territory. We followed up 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT 40days after the ictus. Despite of the poor early perfusion, we found considerably improved perfusion and neurological improvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.987-992
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• 2010

This study was to detect the expression of heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) gene mRNA in different tissues of Rugao and Luyuan chickens at 56 d and 120 d by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR). The primers were designed according to the sequences of HFABP, A-FABP and GAPDH genes in Gallus gallus, which were used as target genes and internal reference gene, respectively. The levels of H-FABP and A-FABP gene expression were detected by SYBR Green I FQ-RT-PCR. The relative H-FABP and A-FABP gene mRNA expression level was calculated with 2-$^{{\Delta}Ct}$. Melting curve analysis showed a single peak of three genes. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content in breast muscle and leg muscle of the two chicken breeds at 120 d was higher than at 56 d. IMF content in breast muscle and leg muscle at 56 d and 120 d in Luyuan was significantly higher than in Rugao, however, abdominal fat of Luyuan was significantly lower than that of Rugao. The relative H-FABP gene mRNA expression level in cardiac muscle was the highest in both chicken breeds. The relative H-FABP and A-FABP gene expression of different tissues in Luyuan was higher than in Rugao. H-FABP gene mRNA expression had a negative effect on IMF of leg and breast muscles, and was significantly negatively correlated with IMF content. The relative A-FABP gene mRNA level in abdominal fat was higher than in liver. The A-FABP gene mRNA was not expressed in leg, breast and cardiac muscles. A-FABP gene mRNA expression level was significantly positively correlated with abdominal fat and had a significant effect on abdominal fat but not IMF content.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2012

Kisspeptin has been reported to facilitate sexual maturation and ovulation by directly stimulating GnRH neurons via its receptor, GPR54. The KiSS-GPR54 system is playing an important role in the reproduction of several mammalian species. However, little is known about their function in fish. The aim of this study is to understand the physiological function and evolutionary conservation of KiSS-GPR54 system in teleost fish blacktip grouper, Epinephelus fasciatus. In the present study, we have partial cloned KiSS1, KiSS2 GPR54 mRNAs from a brain samples. Tissue distribution analysis using RT-PCR revealed that the KiSS1, KiSS2, GPR54 transcripts were expressed in different tissue. The KiSS-GPR54 system in gonadal of immature and mature stage were analyzed using qRT-PCR. The partial sequence of KiSS1, KiSS2, GPR54 were 232 bp, 304 bp, 613 bp long, respectively. KiSS1, KiSS2, GPR54 mRNAs are shown common expression in the brain. The amount of KiSS1, KiSS2 mRNAs expression were significantly higher in mature stage than immature stage. However GPR54 mRNA expression was higher in immature stage. These results are in good agreement with the hypothesis that KiSS-GPR54 system plays an important role in the regulation of reproductive function in the blacktip grouper.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 2006

In the present study, methods of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were evaluated for the rapid detection and differentiation of transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) and rotavirus in piglets suffering from diarrhea. For the purposes, the PCR conditions were first confirmed for the amplification of VP7 gene of rotavirus and N gene of TGEV and PEDV using each specific primers and their annealing temperature. Multiplex RT-PCR methods were further determined to distinguish these viral infections and the results are as follows. For the specific amplification of these viral genes, the reliable PCR condition was determined as 30 cycles of reaction consisting each 1 min of denature at $94^{\circ}C$, annealing at $42^{\circ}C$ and polymerization at $72^{\circ}C$ with 1.0 mM $MgCl_2$. It was able to differentiate these viral infections in the intestines and feces of piglets suffering from diarrhea by duplex PCR for TGEV and PEDV and single PCR for rotavirus with a primer-annealing temperature of $42^{\circ}C$. When the multiplex RT-PCR were undertaken for the field samples, 17 cases of PEDV and 5 cases of rotavirus infections were differential diagnosed in a total of 92 samples of intestines and feces of the piglets with diarrhea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2129-2132
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• 2012

Objective: To explore improved treatment by retrospectively comparing survival time of gemcitabine-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (GemRT) versus chemotherapy (Gem) alone in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Methods: From January 2005 to June 2010, 56 patients with LAPC from Subei People's Hospital were treated either with Gem (n=21) or GemRT (n=35). Gem consisted of 4-6 cycles gemcitabine alone (1000 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, 15, 28-day a cycle). GemRT consisted of 50.4Gy/28F radiotherapy with concurrent 2 cycles of gemcitabine (1000 $mg/m^2$ on days of radiation 1, 8, 15, 21-day a cycle). Radiation was delivered to the gross tumor volume plus 1-1.5 cm by use of a three-dimensional conformal technique. The follow-up time was calculated from the time of diagnosis to the date of death or last contact. Kaplan-Meier methodology wes used to evaluate survival. Results: Patient characteristics were not significantly different between treatment groups. The disease control rate and the objective response rate of GemRT versus Gem was 97.1% vs 71.4%, 74.3% vs 38.1%. The overall survival (OS) was significantly better for GemRT compared to Gem (median 13 months versus 8 months; 51.4% versus 14.3% at 1 year, respectively). Conclusion: Radiation therapy at 50.4Gy with 2 concurrent cycles of gemcitabine results in favorable rates of OS. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy should be the first choice for patients with LAPC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.450-461
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• 2001

Background : The underlying pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RTLF) has not been very well defined. However, the role of TGF-$\beta$ in the generation of RTLF has been a major focus because there is an increase in the expression of both the TGF-${\beta}m$-RNA and its protein preceding RTLF lesions. The down stream signal after a TGF-$\beta$ stimulated lung fibrosis includes the activation of many mediators such as Smad and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) through TAK1. It is we hypothesized that JNK activation may play a pivotal role in RTLF pathogenesis through increased transcription of the fibrogenic cytokines. The present study evaluates JNK activity in alveolar macrophages after irradiation and the relationship between JNK activity and the amount of collagen in the lung tissues. Methods : C57BL/6 mice(20-25 gr, males) received chlorotetracycline(2g/L) in their drinking water 1 week prior to irradiation and continuously there after. The mice were irradiated once with 1400 cGy of $60CO{\gamma}$-ray over the whole chest. The cellular composition of the whole lung bronchoalveoalr lavage fluids(BALF), elastin expression in the lung tissues, the level of hydroxyproline in lung tissues, and an in vitro JNK assay was measured before irradiation and one, four, and eight weeks after irradiation (RT). Results : The volumes of BALF retrieved from instilled 4 mL of saline with 2% heparin were 3.7-3.8 mL for each group. The cell numbers were similar before($4.1{\times}10^4{\pm}0.5{\times}10^4/mL$) and 1 week($3.1{\times}10^4{\pm}0.5{\times}10^4/mL$) after RT. At four and eight weeks after RT, the cell number reached to $14.0{\times}10^4{\pm}1.5{\times}10^4mL$ and $10.0{\times}10^4{\pm}1.3{\times}10^4/mL$, respectively. There we no changes in the lymphocytes and neutrophils population observed in the BALF after RT. The H-E stain of the lung tissues did not show any structural and fibrotic change in the lung tissues at 4 and 8 weeks after RT. In addition, the amount of elastin and collagen were not different on Verhoeff staining of the lung tissues before RT to eight weeks after RT. The hydroxyproine content was measured with the left lung dissected from the left main bronchus. The lung were homogenized and hydrolyzed with 6 N Hel for 12 hours at $110^{\circ}C$ then measured as previously described. The content of hydroxyproline, standardized with a lung protein concentration, reached a peak 4 weeks after RT, and thereafter showed a plateau. AnIn vitro JNK assay using c-$Jun_{1-79}$-GST sepharose beads were performed with the alveolar macrophages obtained from the BAL. JNK activity was not detected prior to RT, However, the JNK activity increased from one week after RT and reached a peak four weeks after RT. Conclusion : JNK may be involved in the pathogenesis because the JNK activity showed similar pattern observed with the hydroxyproine content. However, it is necessary to clarify that the JNK increases the transcription of fibrogenic cyiokines through the transcription factor.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.5 s.180
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• pp.607-613
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• 2006

For the reasonable use of low grade-shallow geothermal energy by Standing Column Well(SCW) system, the basic requirements are depth-wise increase of earth temperature like $2^{\circ}C$ per every 100m depth, sufficient amount of groundwater production being about 10 to 30% of the design flow rate of GSHP with good water quality and moderate temperature, and non-collapsing of borehole wall during reinjection of circulating water into the SCW. A closed loop type-vertical ground heat exchanger(GHEX) with $100{\sim}150m$ deep can supply geothermal energy of 2 to 3 RT but a SCW with $400{\sim}500m$ deep can provide $30{\sim}40RT$ being equivalent to 10 to 15 numbers of GHEX as well requires smaller space. Being considered as an alternative of vertical GHEX, many numbers of SCW have been widely constructed in whole country without any account for site specific hydrogeologic and geothermal characteristics. When those are designed and constructed under the base of insufficient knowledges of hydrgeothermal properties of the relevant specific site as our current situations, a bad reputation will be created and it will hamper a rational utilization of geothermal energy using SCW in the near future. This paper is prepared for providing a guideline of SCW design comportable to our hydrogeothermal system.