• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2005

Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, which has been proposed to initiate the intimal thickening in coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Berberine is an alkaloid in Berberis aquifolium and many other plants. Recently, it has been shown to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, such as anti-hyperglycemic and cholesterol-lowering activity. In this study, we investigated its effects on lysoPC-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. Berberine inhibited lysoPC-induced DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in VSMCs, as well as migration of the lysoPC-stimulated VSMCs. It also inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and reduced transcription factor AP-1 activity and the lysoPC-induced increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of berberine on lysoPC-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration are attributable to inhibition of ROS generation and hence of activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. This suggests that berberine has potential in the prevention of atherosclerosis and restenosis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.868-871
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• 2004

Candida albicans has become the most important human pathogen in immunocompromised patients. One important feature of the pathogenicity in C. albicans is the morphological transition from yeast to hyphae. Previously, we reported that lysophosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) suppressed the hyphal transition through the MAP kinase pathway (Min et al., 2001). Therefore, it should be useful to examine the unknown genes involved in the MAP kinase pathway. As a way to identify target genes of Lyso-PC in hyphal suppression, this present study exploited two-dimensional electrophoresis. It was revealed that Lyso-PC suppressed expression of Phr1p and Pra1p, surface proteins involved in the morphogenesis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.220-224
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• 1991

물 및 다섯가지 탈검제(citric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic anhydride 및 maleic anhydride)를 사용하여 미강유를 탈검하고 그 탈검효율을 비교하였다. 미강유 원유로부터 인 함유 물질을 제거하는데 있어서 모든 탈검제가 보다 효과적이었으며, 특히 acetic anhydride와 phosphoric acid는 각각 92.5% 및 93.3%까지 인 함유율을 저하시켰다. 또한 비수화성 인지질 특히 Lyso PC를 제거하는데 있어서 모든 탈검제가 효과적이었다. 미강유로부터 추출한 AI의 인지질은 주로 PC, PI, PE 및 Lyso PC로 구성되어 있었으며, 주요 지방산은 oleic acid, linoleic acid 및 palmitic acid의 순이었다. Acetic anhydride를 사용하여 얻은 AI가 가장 안정된 유화를 형성하였으며, 반면에 phosphoric acid 및 oxalic acid를 처리하여 얻은 AI는 매우 빈약한 유화성을 나타냈다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.109-113
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• 2001

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has been shown to modulate transactivations by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)$\gamma$ and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF$\kappa$B). In this study, the oxLDL signaling pathways involved with the NF$\kappa$B transactivation were investigated by utilizing a reporter construct driven by three upstream NF$\kappa$B binding sites, and various pharmacological inhibitors. OxLDL and its constituent lysophophatidylcholine (lysoPC) induced a rapid and transient increase of intracellular calcium and stimulated the NF-KB transactivation in resting RAW264.7 macrophage cells in an oxidation-dependent manner. The NF$\kappa$B activation by oxLDL or lysoPC was inhibited by protein kinase C inhibitors or an intracellular calcium chelator. Tyrosine kinase or PI3 kinase inhibitors did not block the NF$\kappa$B transactivation. Furthermore, the oxLDL-induced NF$\kappa$B activity was abolished by the PPAR$\gamma$ ligands. When the endocytosis of oxLDL was blocked by cytochalasin B, the NF$\kappa$B transactivation by oxLDL was synergistically increased, while PPAR transactivation was blocked. These results suggest that oxLDL activates NF-$\kappa$B in resting macrophages via protein kinase C- and/or calcium-dependent pathways, which does not involve the endocytic processing of oxLDL. The endocytosis-dependent PPAR$\gamma$ activation by oxLDL may function as an inactivation route of the oxLDL induced NF$\kappa$B signal. Short heterodimer partner (SHP), specifically expressed in liver and a limited number of other tissues, is an unusual orphan nuclear receptor that lacks the conventional DNA-binding domain. In this work, we found that SHP expression is abundant in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 but suppressed by oxLDL and its constituent I3-HODE, a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y. Furthermore, SHP acted as a transcription coactivator of nuclear factor-$\kappa$B (NF$\kappa$B) and was essential for the previously described NF$\kappa$B transactivation by lysoPC, one of the oxLDL constituents. Accordingly, NF$\kappa$B, transcriptionally active in the beginning, became progressively inert in oxLDL-treated RAW 264.7 cells, as oxLDL decreased the SHP expression. Thus, SHP appears to be an important modulatory component to regulate the transcriptional activities of NF$\kappa$B in oxLDL-treated, resting macrophage cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.247-250
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• 2007

A new sphingosine (1) was isolated from the MeOH extract of a marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) sp. by bioactivity-guided fractionation. The 1D and 2D NMR, and MS spectroscopic analyses were used to establish the planar structure of 1. The stereochemistry of the compound was defined on the basis of modified Mosher's method, comparison of optical rotation and NMR data with those of the reported. Compound 1 was mildly cytotoxic to a panel of five human solid tumor cell lines.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.770-778
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• 1995

Anchovy Engraulis japonica boiled and dried was stored at $20^{\circ}C$ for 5 months after that treatment of sodium-erythorbate (Na-ery) or deoxygenizer (Deoxy). During storage, peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, lipid content, and lipid class compositions were determined to evaluate the quality of the samples. pay was decreased rapidly for the first 3 months storage and its decrease was Deoxy group>Control group>Na-ery group in that order. TBA values increased for the first 4 months and then decreased rapidly, and it's increase was the highest in Control group, followed by Na-ery and Deoxy group. Total lipid contents in all samples declined during storage. Especially, phospholipid decreased mainly in Na- ery and Deoxy group, while neutral lipid mainly in Control group. Triglyceride (TG), phosphatidylethanolamine(PE), and phosphatidylcholine(PC) decreased, while free fatty acid (FFA) and lyso-PC (LPC) increased during storage. The decrease of TG was the highest in Control group and that of PE and PC was higher in Na-ery group than in other sample. The decrease of PE in all samples (except Deoxy group) was higher than that of pc. The increase of FFA and LPC were higher in Control and Na-ery group than in Deoxy group. These results indicated that the lipid deterioration of the boiled and dried-anchovy was effectively suppressed by the enclosed deoxygenizer during storage at $20^{\circ}C$.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권1호통권132호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2003

The regulation of plasma lipid level, particularly LDL cholesterol, represents the focus of current therapy for atherosclerosis. And $Lp-PLA_2$ is able to hydrolyse oxidized phosphatidylcholine within LDL into lyso-PC and oxidized fatty acids. $Lp-PLA_2$ is a potential biomarker of coronary heart disease and plays an important proinflammatory role in the progression of atherosclerosis. We investigated the inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of 224 natural plants on $Lp-PLA_2$ activity. Seven kinds of methanol extracts of tested plants showed above 50% inhibitory effect with the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. The concentrated aqueous suspensions of each methanol extract were partitioned with n-hexane, $CHCl_3$, and EtOAc. Among them, EtOAc extracts of Astilbe chinensis var. davidii (root) and Pourthiaea villosa var. brunnea (leaf) significantly inhibited $Lp-PLA_2$ activity at the same concentration.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1981

우리나라에서 재배된 4가지 품종의 보리와 이들의 맥아에서 추출한 총지방질중 극성지질의 조성을 관, 얇은막 및 기체-액체 크로마토그래피로 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 4가지 품종의 보리와 이들 맥아의 총지방질중 당질의 평균함량은 8.9% 및 12.3%, 인지질의 평균함량은 17.3% 및 19.2%였으며, 보리중의 당지질 및 인지질의 함량은 맥아에서 평균 39.5% 및 11.5%가 증가하였다. 2. 보리의 당지질 중에는 DGDG 와 MGDG가 평균 35.5%및 28.6%로 주요성분이 었고 SG와 Cerebroside는 20.7% 및 15.2%이었으며, 보리중의 DGDG 와 MGDG 는 맥아에서 감소되었으나, SG 와 Cerebroside는 증가하였다. 3. 보리의 인지질 중에는 phosphatidyl choline(PC), lysophosphatidyl choline(LyPC), diphosphatidyl glycerol(DPG), phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE)의 순으로 함유되어 있었으며, 맥아는 보리에 비하여 PC, LyPC는 감소하였으나 PE와 DPG는 증가하였다. 4. 보리와 맥아의 지방질중 당지질 및 인지질 획분의 지방산조성과 그 변화는 총지방질과 중성지질 획분의 지방산조성 및 그 변화 패턴과 비슷하였다. 그러나 당지질 획분중에는 리놀레산, 인지질 획분중에는 팔미트산의 함량이 다른 획분들에 비하여 많았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 1993

전보(문, 1993)에 이어 은어의 중성 및 인지질의 class별 조성과 각각의 구성 지방산을 분석${\cdot}$비교 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 은어의 전 부위의 중성지질은 triglyceride가 주성분으로서 $94.8{\sim}99.5\%$를 차지하였으며, 다른 부위에 비하여 내장부위의 조성비가 가장 높았고, 머리부위가 가장 낮았다. 2. 은어의 인지질은 전 부위에서 phosphatidylcholine 및 phosphatidylethanolamine이 주성분이었으며, 이들 성분은 머리와 근육부위에 많은 양이 함유되어 있었다 내장에 cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylcholine이 주성분이었다. 3. 중성지질의 주요 지방산은 16:0, 88:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 18:0 및 14:0이었고, 크기와 부위에 따른 차이는 미미했다. 이들 중 16:1n-7 및 14:0의 조성비는 인지질에 비해 특히 높은 반면, polyene산의 조성비는 낮았다. 4. 인지질의 주요 지방산은 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3, 18:0 및 18:2n-6 등이었다. 이들 중 22:6n-3 조성비는 머리 및 근육에서 특히 높아, 중성지질의 경우에 비해 6배 정도 높은 함량이었다. 은어의 크기에 따른 중성 및 인지질의 구성지방산 조성의 차이는 거의 없었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.419-427
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• 1985

삿갓이 완전히 펴진 표고버섯의 부위별(別)에 따른 지질(脂質)의 특성(特性)과, 삿갓이 펴지지 않은 표고버섯의 건조방법(乾燥方法)에 따른 지질(脂質)의 변화(變化)를 연구(硏究)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 삿갓이 펴진 표고버섯의 삿갓부위(部位)의 총지질(總脂質) 함량(含量)은 4.58%이었고 자루부위(部位)는 2.6%이었으며 거의 대부분(大部分)이 중성지질(中性脂質)$(46.7{\sim}48.8%)$과 연지질(憐脂質)$(42.0{\sim}43.8%)$로 구성되어 있었으며 탕지질(糖脂質)은 적었다$(9.2{\sim}9.5%)$. 2. 중성지질(中性脂質)의 주요성분(主要成分)은 tryacylglycerol이었고 연지질(憐脂質)은 phosphatidyl ethanolamine이었다. 또한 지질산(脂質酸)의 조성(組成)은 각지질(各脂質) 및 부위(部位)에 따라 현격하게 달랐으며 $C_{18:2},\;C_{16:1}$ 및 $C_{18:1}$ 지방산(脂肪酸) 순(順)으로 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 3. 삿갓이 펴지지 않은 표고버섯의 총지질(總脂質)은 2.5%(자루)${\sim}3.7%$(삿갓)이었고 총지질함량(總脂質含量), 과산화물가(過酸化物價) 및 카아보닐價(價)는 건조방법(乾燥方法)에 따른 차이(差異)를 보이지 않았으며 총지질(總脂質)의 산가(酸價)는 일건시료(日乾試料)가 생시료(生試料) 및 열풍건조시료(熱風乾燥試料) 보다 약간 낮았으나 일건시료(日乾試料) 중(中)의 중성지질함량(中性脂質含量)은 다른 시료(試料)보다 높았다. 4. 가장 많은 部分을 차지한 중성(中性) 및 연지질(憐脂質)의 주요성분(主要成分)의 삿갓이 완전히 펴진 표고버섯과 같았고 탕지질(糖脂質)은 digalactosyldiglycerol이었으며 일건시료(日乾試料)의 연지질중(憐脂質中) phosphatidiyl ethanolamine과 phosphatidyl choline함량은 생시료(生試料) 및 열풍건조시료(熱風乾燥試料)보다 낮았다. 5. 모든 건조시료의 각(各) 지질(脂質) 중(中)의 주요(主要) 지방산조성은 삿갓이 펴진 시료의 경우와 비슷하였고 일건시료(日乾試料)의 $C_{18:2}$ 지방산(脂肪酸)함량은 다른 시료보다 높은 반면 $C_{16:0}$ 지방산은 낮았다. 한편일건시료 중의불포화지방산 함량은 열풍건조시료 및 생(生)시료보다 낮았다.